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The Architecture of Edwin Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew ASHGATE The Architecture of Edwin Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew Twentieth Century Architecture, Pioneer Modernism and the Tropics lain Jackson Liverpool School ofArchitecture, University of Liverpool Jessica Holland Liverpool School ofArchitecture, University of Liverpool ASHGATE Contents List of Illustrations vii Abbreviations xvii Acknowledgements xix Archives Consulted, Excluding Private Archival Material xxi Introduction 1 1 From Classical Beginnings 9 2 Thirties'Development 49 3 Jane Drew and the Partnership's Origins 101 4 West Africa: Planning, Village Housing and New Schools for Ghana 147 5 The Development and Reassessment of Tropical Architecture in West Africa 183 6 Chandigarh and theTropics Revisited 215 7 Humanism and Monumentally (A Post-war Compromise) 277 Conclusions 323 Chronology 331 Bibliography 351 Index 367 List of Illustrations Note Every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangement at the first opportunity Introduction 0 1 Fry and Drew's home and office at 63 Gloucester Place, London, c 1960 0 2 Draughting Office, 63 Gloucester Place, London, c 1960 0 3 Christmas Card from the Fry family, c 1955 1 From Classical Beginnings 1 1 Architecture Studio (Charles Redly to the foreground), Ashton Street, Liverpool University, 1930 1 2 Sketch of Heckscher Building, Maxwell Fry, 1922 1 3 Sketch of Queensborough Bridge, Maxwell Fry, 1922 1 4 Liverpool University's Rome Prize Finalists, 1923 1 5 Site Plan of a Recreation Centre, Maxwell Fry, 1923 1 6 Part Elevation of a Recreation Centre, Maxwell Fry, 1923 1 7 City of the Future, Maxwell Fry, 1931 1 8 Railway Station, Margate, Kent, c 1930 1 9 Booking Hall, Railway Station, Margate, Kent, c 1930 1 10 Ground Floor Plan, Manchester Art Gallery, 1925 FRY AND JANE DREW VIII THE ARCHITECTURE OF EDWIN MAXWELL 1 11 Transverse and Longitudinal Sections, Manchester Art Gallery, 1925 1 12 Site Plan, Birmingham Civic Centre, 1927 1 13 North Facade, Ridge End, Virginia Water, Surrey, 1932 1 14 South Facade, Ridge End, Virginia Water, Surrey, 1932 1 15 Competition Entry, Charing Cross Masterplan, London, 1931 1 16 Elevations to Portland Place and Weymouth Street, RIBA Headquarters, London, 1932 2 Thirties' Development 2 1 South facade of Sassoon House, Peckham, London, 1934 2 2 North facade of Sassoon House, Peckham, London, 1934 2 3 Part Plan of Sassoon House, Peckham, London, 1934 2 4 Site Plan, Kensal House, Kensington, London, 1937 2 5 Kensal House, Kensington, London, 1937 2 6 Kitchen at Kensal House, Kensington, London, 1937 2 7 Garden Facade, Little Winch, Chipperfield, Hertfordshire, 1936 2 8 Existing Gardens, St Leonard's Hill, Windsor, 1934 2 9 Maxwell and Ethel Fry walking with family in Scotland, c 1927 2 10 Ground Floor Plan, St Leonard's Hill, Windsor, 1934 2 11 South Facade, Sun House, Hampstead, London, 1936 2 12 Living Room with Murals by Hans Feibusch, Sun House, Hampstead, London, 1936 2 13 South Facade, Miramonte, Surrey, 1936 2 14 Dining Room, Miramonte, Surrey, 1936 2 15 64 and 66 (to the foreground) Old Church Street, Chelsea, 1936 2 16 Wood House, Shipbourne, Kent, 1937 2 17 Ground Floor Plan, Impington College, Cambridgeshire, 1936 2 18 Aerial Perspective, Impington College, Cambridgeshire, 1936 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ix 2 19 Garden (East) Elevation, Student Residence, Christ's College, Cambridge, 1936 2 20 Aerial Perspective, Student Residence, Christ's College, Cambridge, 1936 2 21 Warham Ash, Breinton, Herefordshire, 2013 2 22 65 Ladbroke Grove, Kensington, London, 1938 2 23 Street Facade, Cecil Residential Club, North Gower Street, London, 1940 2 24 Entrance Hall, Cecil Residential Club, London, 1940 2 25 Westminster Electric Supply Corporation Showrooms, Victoria Street, London, 1933 2 26 Interior of the Westminster Electric Supply Corporation Showrooms, Victoria Street, London, 1933 2 27 Electricity Show Rooms, Regent Street, London, 1937 2 28 Electricity Show Rooms Interior, Regent Street, London, 1937 2 29 MARS Exhibition, New Burlington Galleries, London, 1938 2 30 MARS Exhibition, New Burlington Galleries, London, 1938 3 Jane Drew and the Partnership's Origins 3 1 Harry Guy Radcliffe Drew, 1946 3 2 Emma Spering Drew with daughter Dorothy, 1910 3 3 Jane and Dorothy Drew, c 1916 3 4 Jane Drew at Croydon High School for Girls, 1925 3 5 'British Goods'Sketch, AA Pantomime (Drew, 2nd left), 1931 3 6 Passport photographs of Drew and Alliston, 1935 3 7 Odeon Cinema, Claremont Road, Surbiton, London, 1935 3 8 Entrance Foyer by Mollo and Egan, Odeon Cinema, Surbiton, 1934 3 9 Lanchester and Laughton at 34 Gordon Square, Bloomsbury, London, 1938 3 10 View from the South-West, Gloucester Avenue, Cliftonville, Kent, 1937 3 11 Living Room towards the Waiting Room, Gloucester Avenue, Cliftonville, Kent, 1937 X THE ARCHITECTURE OF EDWIN MAXWELL FRY AND JANE DREW 3 12 View from the North-East, St Giles's Mount, Winchester, 1938 3 13 South Fagade, St Giles's Mount, Winchester, 1938 3 14 Fry and Drew on their wedding day, 1942 3 15 Kitchen Side of a Kitchen-Bathroom Unit, Kitchen Planning Exhibition, 1945 3 16 Compact Kitchen, 'Britain Can Make It' Exhibition, 1946 3 17 Passfields, Bromley Road, Lewisham, London, 1951 3 18 East Facade, Passfields, Bromley Road, Lewisham, London, 1951 3 19 Mark Hall North, Harlow, Essex, 1952 3 20 Mark Hall North, Harlow, Essex, 1952 3 21 Ceylon Tea Centre, 22 Lower Regent Street, London, 1951 3 22 Waterloo Bridge Entrance and Observation Tower, Festival of Britain, South Bank, London, 1951 3 23 Waterloo Bridge Entrance and Observation Tower, Festival of Britain, South Bank, London, 1951 3 24 Riverside Restaurant from Waterloo Bridge with Paolozzi's Fountain in the background, Festival of Britain, South Bank, London, 1951 3 25 Riverside Restaurant Interior, Festival of Britain, South Bank, London, 1951 4 West Africa: Planning, Viliage Housing and New Schools for Ghana 4 1 Planning the Region around Bathurst, Gambia, 1944 4 2 Design for Laundry and Water Point, Bathurst, Gambia, 1944 4 3 Plans for Modifying Kumasi's Railway, Ghana, 1946 4 4 Alcock's experimental housing in Asawasi, 1945-6 4 5 Alcock's experimental housing in Asawasi, 1945-6 4 6 Fry and Drew's housing at Asawasi, 1946 4 7 The Tropics as displayed in Village Housing in the Tropics, 1947 4 8 Kumasi Hospital, Ghana, 2012 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xi 4 9 Site Plan of Ho-Hoe, Teacher Training College School, 1948-49 4 10 Drawing of Science Block at Mfantsipim, Cape Coast, 1947 4 11 Photograph of Science Block at Mfantsipim, Cape Coast, 2012 412 St Andrew s College, Mampong, 2012 413 St Andrew's College, Mampong, 1948 4 14 Site Plan of Adisadel College, 1950 415 A view from Aburi showing the surrounding hills, 2012 4 16 Somanya, set on an elevated position remote from village life, 2012 417 Elevational drawing of Somanya, c 1950 4 18 Akropong Presbyterian TeacherTraining College, 2012 419 St Monica's Dormitory Block, 2012 4 20 Prempeh College, Mampong, tracing the site contours, 2012 4 21 Prempeh College, Mampong, concrete scree, 2012 4 22 Aburi Girls'School, residences, 2012 4 23 Aburi Girls' School parade ground and chapel, c 1950s 4 24 Apowa Boys'School, Takoradi, parade ground, church and campanile, 2012 4 25 Wesley Girls'School, Cape Coast Maxwell Fry in front of dormitory blocks and chapel 4 26 Concrete grill screen making reference to'African patterns' 2012 4 27 Ashanti Stool depicted in concrete screen at Opuku Ware, 2012 5 The Development and reassessment of Tropica! Architecture in West Africa 5 1 Mellanby, Fry and Drew, with Drew appearing not to like Mellanby very much either, c 1940s 5 2 PWD Staff Housing at Ibadan, 2012 5 3 University College of Ibadan, plan 5 4 Entrance, Administration and Tower at Ibadan University, 2012 XSI THE ARCHITECTURE OF EDWIN MAXWELL FRY AND JANE DREW 5 5 Trenchard Hall, funded by the United Africa Company, 2012 5 6 Student Residences at Ibadan University, 2012 5 7 Interior Courtyard of Student Residences at Ibadan, 2012 5 8 Sultan Bello Hall, 2012 5 9 Mellanby Dining Hall, 1956 5 10 Library at Ibadan University, 2012 5 11 Mfantsipim School, Cape Coast, 2012 5 12 Accra Community Centre, 2012 5 13 Accra Community Centre, Mosaic by Kofi Antobarn, 2012 5 14 Tarkwa Community Centre, 2012 5 15 Initial Plan forTema, 1950s 5 16 Ernst May's plan for Kampala, 1947 5 17 Volta River Project Touring Exhibition with Model, c 1950s 5 18 Fry's sketch condemning the Compound Housing Type, 1947 5 19 Initial 'open compound'design forTema Manhean by Fry and Drew, 1956 5 20 Reviewing the effects on climatic design, new map from Fry and Drew Tropical Architecture in the Humid Zone, 1956 5 21 Revised housing plans forTema Manhean, 1950s 5 22 Revised Plan ofTema Manhean, incorporating the closed compound housing, c 1950s 5 23 The final planning arrangement forTema Manhean, 1958 6 Chandigarh and the Tropics Revisited 61 Albert Mayers plan for Chandigarh, c 1950 6 2 The revised Corbusian Chandigarh Masterplan, c 1951 6 3 Large villas designed by Fry and Drew in sector 4,1954 6 4 Sector-7 Housing designed by Fry and Drew, 2012 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xill 6 5 Plan of Sector-22 designed by Drew 6 6 Open spaces within Sector 22, 2012 6 7 Housing in Sector-22, set amongst squares, parks and open landscape, 2012 6 8 Timeless beauty or a blank sheet of paper? c 1954 6 9 Sector-22 Shops - a Chowk, 2012 610 Housing Clusters, 2012 6 11 Le Corbusier's High Court Building, Sector-1, 2012 6 12 Shops in Sector-22, 2012 6 13 Shading, ventilation and inexpensive construction, housing in Sector-22, c.
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