COLORADO MAGAZINE Published by the Sta.Te H Istorical Society of Colorado VOL

THE COLORADO MAGAZINE Published by The Sta.te H istorical Society of Colorado VOL. V Denver, Colorado, June, 1928 No. 3 The Hatcher Ditch (1846-1928) The Oldest Colorado Irrigation Ditch Now in Use By ..A. W. McHendrie* While it is probable there were irrigating ditches constructed and in use within the present boundaries of the state of Colo rado nearly, if not quite, a century prior to this year of our Lord, 1928, none of them are in existence today, nor have they been in use within the memory of any man now living. Priority number one for the right to beneficially use the waters of a natural stream in this state for irrigation purposes has been awarded to, and is still in use by, a ditch located on the Culebra, a tributary to the Rio Grande River, in Costilla County. The beginning of the construction of this ditch, known as ''The San Luis People's Ditch," was ..April 10, 1852, and the ditch has an officially recorded priority as of that date.1 While this ditch is probably entitled to the distinction of being the oldest ditch in Colorado continuously in operation from the date of its construction, nevertheless there is in existence another ditch, the history of which begins about five and a half years earlier and which, ·with a comparatively brief interrup tion, has continuously carried water from the stream from which it derives its supply and delivered it to and made fruitful the very tract of land the reclamation of which was the object of its original construction, begun in the latter part of September or the early part of October, 1846. I refer to what was originally known as "The Hatcher Ditch": later known as "The Lewelling Ditch"; and still later known as ''The Lewelling-McCormick Consolidated Ditch.'' This ditch is located on, and draws its water supply from, the Purgatoire or Las Animas River in Las ..Animas County, Colorado, approximately twenty miles down the river from the city of Trinidad. Technically, perhaps, this ditch is not entitled to an official record of a priority as of the date of its construc tion, yet it would seem to be worthy of some recognition as the • Judge McHendrie, a prominent attorney of Trinidad, contributed an article on the "Origin of the Name of the Purgatoire River" to our Colorado llfagazine or February last.-Ed. 1 See Stale Historical Society's History of Colorado, Volume 2, page 589, "Irrigation," by Daniel W. Working. 82 THE COLORADO MAGAZINE THE HATCHER DITCH (1846-1928) 83 pioneer in the wonderful development of our agricultural re sources made possible by the irrigation of an otherwise barren and fruitleRs region. A fairly complete, and certainly interesting, record of the beginning and practically continuous use of this ditch is pre served by the -well authenticated statements of contemporaneous writers and deponents, some of which are preserved by official records. 0 This ditch waH built by one John Hatcher, apparently a quite a· remarkable trapper, Indian fighter, trader, mountaineer and ....'- plainsman, whose active and eventful career in southern Colorado z and northern ;\e"· 1\Iexico in the first half of the nineteenth .,. <Z "· century Heems not to have attracted any marked attention from Y.- ~" historianH and authors writing of that period and of the lives of his contemporaries and associates. Hatcher lived and worked ~ ¥ 0 with and for Kit Carson, the Bent Brothers, Jim Beckworth, St. 2 -"~ ~ g ..;; <. Vrain, Lucien B. :Jlaxwell and others of that time, famed in story ;., 0 "" :::: and legend. Hatcher was probably the peer of those much better ;i:: '-' ::::: ":':l z"' known frontiersmen. At any rate, Lewis B. Garrard, a young .... '-- '· 0 man " ·ho kept a journal of his life of nearly a year from the '" Y. fall of 1846, spent in the vicinity of old Fort Bent, on the Purga 2 '" ~ ;;;"' toire River and at 'l'aos, among the Indians, traders, trappers and -::: - - ~ mountainrers of that rrgion, devotes more space in his jo11rnal to .... :::> ~ .... ·-3 the career and achievements of Hatcher than to any one or all of ~ :l ·- the men prominent in that day and time-with all of whom · ~ - 'f. Garrard came into rather intimate contact. Among the many -~ iJ [:;:"' referrnces to Hatcher found in the pages of the book which Gar ~.,. -5"' rard compiled from his journal, Wah-To-l'ah and The Taos Trail, % ::; ~ we find this description (page 215 ) : [:;: ·-::: ~ "Hatcher was always full of stories of an amusing, serious, ~ ;; and often marvelous cast, and we easily persuaded him to re .... .:;" '.I) count a few scenes in his wayward, everchanging life. Though :;j .,, he frequently indulged in rough slang, he did not partake of the " Westerner's unsubdued nature altogether. I have chosen to ~ select the more strange part of his conversations, as being the more strikingly illustratiYe of mountain character. He at times, for his own as well as our, amusement, would yarn in the most approved voya.ge1ler's style, or tell the hardest story of sights within his range. In short, Hatcher was aii f ait in everything appertaining to the Far West; whether mimicking a Canadian Frenchman; cowing down a score of Mexicans in a fandango row; 'lifting' the 'hair' of a Pawnee ; playing poker for beaver at rendezvous, or trading a robe, or sitting with grave face in an Indian council, to smoke the long pipe and discuss with the 84 THE COLORADO MAGAZINE! THE HATCHER DITCH (1846-1928) 85 aborigines the many grievances to which they consider themselves wards established by the surveys and records hereinafter referred subject by the innovations of the whites. '' to, is in the southeast quarter of section twenty-one and the Garrard spent a considerable portion of his time in hunting northeast quarter of section twenty-eight, township thirty-t"-o. with the famous white and Indian hunters of that region and south, range sixty-one west of the sixth P. l\L , Las Animas saw and relates many tales of their prowess with the rifle. He County, Colorado. Traveling with ox wagons, it probably took says of Hatcher (page 239) : Hatcher from ten days to two weeks to reach his destination. "His was a short, heavy rifle, the stock unvarnished; and, The construction of the ditch must have been commenced when he brought it to his face, the game most always came. He immediately and carried on with reasonable diligence that fall, was the best shot within my knowledge. '' as there w~s about a mile and a half of the ditch completed by At the time of the construction of the ditch which is the the next spring and there was apparently no work done during subject of this article, and for a long time prior thereto, Hatcher the winter, as will be discussed later. was and had been in the employ of Bent. St. Vrain & Company, The headgatc of the ditch was located, as fixed by the official then maintaining Fort \Villiam, or Old Bents Fort, on the north records hereina bove referred to, at a point at or very near the bank of the Arkansas River, seven or eight miles below the present southwest corner of the northwest quarter of the southwest quar town of La Junta, as a trading post. The company was also ter of section sixteen. township thirty-two, range sixty-one. From engaged in ranching and live-stock raising on ranches located that point the ditch ran in a generally southeasterly direction, on the Cimarron, Vermejo and Ponil Creeks in northern New paralleling the general course of the river, for a distance of ap Mexico. Hatcher was one of Bent's best traders and at one time proximately a mile aud a half and terminated by wasting its was foreman at Bents Old Fort. 2 return waters into the river at a point approximately one-eight In the summer of 1846, Bent, St. Vrain & Company conceived of a mile south of the northeast corner of section twenty-eight, the idea of initiating ranch operations on the Purgatoire River. of the a boYe township and range. The location of the headgate For some reason it was deemed desirable to locate this ranch ap was about half a mile above the ford or crossing of the Purgatoire proximately midway between Bents Fort and the ranches of the River by the Santa Fe Trail from Bents Old }j'ort, then known company in northern New Mexico. The commonly accepted rea as the Bents Fort 'frail or the Mountain Trail, and later as the son for selecting this particular location, among the old settlers Army or :Military 'l'rail. This crossing was the ford used by on the Purgatoire, was that it was part of a colonization program Kearny 's Army of the West in the early part of August, 1846, which St. Vrain and Bent desired to put into operation on the on his expedition to Santa Fe.4 'fhis ford was later known as Vigil and St. Vrain grant, in which Charles Bent had obtained the "Fisher Crossing" by reason of the fact that a man by the an interest. It is said that the reason Hatcher finally abandoned name of Fisher occupied the land immediately below and ad the ranch, as hereinafter set forth, was because his superiors dis jacent to the ford under a ''squatter's'' right or claim. 5 Garrard covered that this spot was not within the confines of that grant. refers to the location of the Bent farm as being "in the Purga However that may be, Hatcher left Taos in September, 1846, toire Yalley, below the crossing of the Santa Fe Trail." (Page with three wagons, sixteen yoke of oxen and fifteen or sixteen 238.) Mexican laborers for the Purgatoire River to make a settlement.

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