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Irrigating San Francisco Bay Area Landscapes with Recycled Water

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Irrigating San Francisco Bay Area Landscapes with Recycled Water Irrigating San Francisco Bay Area Landscapes with Recycled Water Landscape irrigation with recycled water is an intigral component of California’s effort to deal with limited water supplies. Prepared by Nelda Matheny, Lawrence Costello, Carol Randisi and Ryan Gilpin, June 2021 Irrigating San Francisco Bay Area Landscapes with Recycled Water 3 About this Publication Contents his Guide is a tool to help landscape owners, designers and managers use recycled 1 Getting started Twater effectively and successfully in San Francisco Bay Area landscapes. It is 2 Regulations regarding recycled water for landscape irrigation designed to help you understand the basic components of how to evaluate site conditions, adjust existing landscapes, design new landscapes, and care for landscapes 3 How water is recycled irrigated with recycled water. 4 Water quality Many people and organizations were involved with the development and review of a larger body of work that has been summarized and condensed into this Guide. The 5 Soil quality original review team included landscape professionals, scientists and water engineers and managers. The breadth of experience and knowledge of these professionals is 6 Evaluating salinity represented in the topics and recommendations provided here. 7 Recycled water and landscapes Sponsors for this work were the WateReuse Association, the Bay Area Clean Water Association, Dublin San Ramon Services District, the City of Palo Alto, the City of 8 5 steps to designing and managing landscapes using recycled water Redwood City, the City of San José, Valley Crest Landscape (now BrightView), Silicon 9 Step 1. Investigate Valley Clean Water, South Bay Water Recycling, Stanford University, Sonoma County Navitagte this document by Water Agency, and Santa Clara Valley Water District. Evaluating water quality and soil conditions Clues to possible irrigation problems clicking on a hyperlink or scrolling. Recycled water is a local, sustainable source of water that is 13 Step 2. Plan climate resistant. The time is right to expand the use of Improve site soil conditions recycled water for landscape irrigation in the Bay Area. This Solving drainage problems guide was developed to share the best recycled water landscape practices from experts and experiences from 17 Step 3. Implement recycled water landscape projects in our Bay Area climate. Determining irrigation schedules By using this knowledge and recycling our water, we hope to Leaching to manage salt accumulation help keep our landscapes green and continue to make the Bay Area a great and sustainable place to live. 21 Step 4. Monitor Monitoring plant condition Jennifer West Managing Director, WateReuse California What’s causing leaf burn symptoms? 25 Step 5. Adjust 27 5 step overview This document is available electronically through the WateReuse California website https://watereuse. 29 Requirements for Site Supervisor org/sections/watereuse-california/. When quoting text from this document, please use this citation: 31 Plant salt tolerance list Matheny, N. P., L. R Costello, C. Randisi, and R. M. Gilpin. 2021. Irrigating San Francisco Bay Area Landscapes with Recycled Water. WateReuse California. https://watereuse.org/sections/watereuse- How to develop a salt tolerant plant palette california/. 33 Additional resources and acknowledgements ©2021 by Nelda Matheny All rights reserved. No portion of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system without permission in writing from WateReuse and the Principal Author. Irrigating San Francisco Bay Area Landscapes with Recycled Water 2 Getting Started Regulations Regarding Recycled Water for Landscape Irrigation his Guide is a tool to help landscape owners, designers and Tmanagers use recycled water effectively and successfully in AB 324, California’s Water Conservation in Landscaping Act, was San Francisco Bay Area landscapes. It is designed to help you signed into law in 1990. The statute required that the design, understand the basic components of how to evaluate site installation, and maintenance of landscapes be water efficient. In Landscape irrigation with conditions, adjust existing landscapes, design new landscapes, and 2006, AB 1881, Water Conservation in California, required an recycled water is an care for landscapes irrigated with recycled water. update to the Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance. integral component of Using recycled water for landscape irrigation has a long By the end of 2008, Governor Schwarzenegger had declared a state California’s efforts to history in the Bay Area, beginning in Golden Gate Park in 1948. The of emergency due to drought conditions. With so many demands deal with limited water Livermore Municipal Golf Course has irrigated with recycled water on our water resources, the State Water Resources Control Board supplies in the face of since the 1960s. The City of Santa Clara started delivering recycled adopted the Recycled Water Policy in 2009, and most recently growing demand. It is water to irrigate the Santa Clara Golf and Tennis Club in 1989. San amended in 2018/19. The policy was developed to increase the safe, reliable, and more Francisco Bay Area water agencies began studying the feasibility production of recycled water, make recycled water available to available than potable of using recycled water in the early 1990s. Its use for landscape water suppliers, and substitute the use of recycled water for (drinking) water during irrigation has increased steadily since that time. potable water as much as possible. The Recycled Water Policy set a droughts and periods of Recycled water is currently supplied for landscape irrigation goal of increasing the 0.6 million acre-feet of recycled water used in water use restrictions. to portions of Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, 2009 to 2.5 million acre-feet per year by 2030. San Mateo, Sonoma, and Santa Clara Counties (see map below). Recycled water quality is tightly controlled and monitored Plans are underway to greatly expand the availability of recycled to protect human health and the environment. The State Water water for landscape irrigation throughout the Bay Area. There are Board, Division of Drinking Water establishes and enforces the currently 19 agencies in the Bay Area supplying recycled water. standards for recycled water used for human contact. The State In the San Francisco Bay Area, many established landscapes Water Resources Control Board (the State Water Board), through are being converted from irrigation with potable water to recycled regional water boards, sets and monitors the quality of recycled water. These landscapes are composed of a water to protect the environment and public health (for example, large variety of see California Code of Regulations Title 17 and Title 22, Chapter plants growing in a 3, Division 4). In addition, regional boards monitor recycled water wide range of soils. Windsor quality and manage recycled water permitting, use, application, and In fact, each landscape Santa Rosa associated runoff to protect waters of the State. Refer to Appendix 4 Yountville is unique with respect Sebastopol for further description and relevant portions of these documents. Rohnert Park Cotati to plant species and soil Napa In July 2009, the State Water Board adopted the General Permit Petaluma Sonoma Fairfield conditions; no two are exactly for Landscape Irrigation Uses of Municipal Recycled Water American Canyon the same. Novato Pittsburg (the General Permit, see https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/ With multiple water San Rafael Concord Oakley water_issues/programs/water_recycling_policy/docs/draft_ Pleasant Hill Antioch Laws That Regulate Recycled retailers in the Bay Area, the Oakland genpermit032809.pdf). The General Permit allows the use of Emeryville Danville Water for Landscape Irrigation recycled water supplied to these San Francisco San Ramon recycled water for landscape irrigation in Alameda Daly City Dublin Water Recycling in Landscaping Act landscapes vary as well, Livermore S parks, greenbelts, and playgrounds Pacifica Hayward Pleasanton (SB 2095, 2000) particularly with respect to salt S Redwood City schoolyards https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/ and specific ion concentrations. Palo Alto Milpitas S athletic fields Mountain View Health and Safety Code, Water Code By using recycled Sunnyvale Santa Clara San Jose S golf courses water to irrigate https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/ Recycled Water Status S cemeteries Morgan Hill landscapes Available Title 17, Division 1, Chapter 5 S residential landscaping, common areas (individually Planned www.calregs.com we can keep landscapes Gilroy owned residences are not included in the General Permit) green and communities S Title 22, Division 4, Chapter 3 Locations in the Bay Area where commercial landscaping, except eating areas healthy places to live, work and www.calregs.com recycled water is now available for land- S industrial landscaping, except eating areas play. scape irrigation or will soon be available. S freeway, highway, and street landscaping 3 4 How Water is Recycled Water Quality Water covers about 70% of the earth’s surface and is All water contains the same major constituents, but the composition Chlorine and Chloride: Condensation fundamental to life. The amount of water on earth never and concentration can vary from location to location. The What’s the Difference? Precipitation (cloud formation) changes. Water
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