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Freudenthal… 26/7/07 19:05 Página 97 Treb. Mus. Geol. Barcelona, 12: 97 -173 (2004) Gliridae (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Eocene and Oligocene of the Sierra Palomera (Teruel, Spain) Matthijs FREUDENTHAL* RESUMEN FREUDENTAL, M. Gliridae (Rodentia, Mammalia) del Eoceno y Oligoceno en la Sierra Palomera (Teruel, Spain). En este trabajo se hace una revisión taxonómica de los Gliridae pertenecientes a los géneros Glamys y Gliravus a partir de material obtenido en la Sierra Palomera y en el área de Montalbán (Teruel, España). Esta revisión lleva a una definición más precisa del género Glamys; a una limitación del género Gliravus, que incluye la especie-tipo y algunas especies estrechamente relacionadas; y a la definición de un género nuevo, Schizogliravus. Con esta nueva clasificación se soluciona el problema del género Gliravus, que se había convertido en un refugio en donde meter todas las especies que no cabían en otro género. Se proponen términos adicionales en la nomenclatura de los dientes de los Gliridae. Se describen dos especies nuevas: Glamys umbriae y Schizogliravus montisal- bani, la especie-tipo del nuevo género Schizogliravus. Dentro del género Glamys se pueden reconocer al menos tres líneas, supuesta- mente adaptadas a condiciones ambientales diferentes. Palabras clave: Gliridae, Mammalia, Eoceno, Oligoceno, España. * Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Fac. de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva, E-18002, Granada, Spain. Email: mfreuden@ugr.es Freudenthal… 26/7/07 19:05 Página 98 98 ABSTRACT On the basis of material from the Sierra Palomera and the area of Montalbán (Teruel, Spain) the glirid genera Glamys and Gliravus are revised. This leads to a better definition of the genus Glamys, restriction of the genus Gliravus to its type- species and some closely related species, and the creation of a new genus, Schizogliravus, which reduces considerably the waste-basket function, that the genus Gliravus had until now. Two new species are described, Glamys umbriae and Schizogliravus montisal- bani, the type-species of the new genus Schizogliravus. Within the genus Glamys at least three lineages are recognized, that are supposed to be adapted to different environmental conditions. Key words: Gliridae, Mammalia, Eocene, Oligocene, Spain. Freudenthal… 26/7/07 19:05 Página 99 99 CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 100 Geological setting ..................................................................................................................................... 101 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................. 102 Paleontology ............................................................................................................................................... 103 Nomenclature of parts of the cheek teeth .......................................................................................... 103 Methods ....................................................................................................................................................... 104 The contents of the genus Glamys Vianey-Liaud, 1989 ............................................................... 105 Genus Gliravus Stehlin & Schaub, 1951 ........................................................................................... 107 Genus Schizogliravus gen. nov. ............................................................................................................ 108 Schizogliravus montisalbani sp. nov. .................................................................................................. 110 Genus Glamys Vianey-Liaud, 1989 .................................................................................................... 116 Diagnostic features in Glamys .......................................................................................................... 117 Glamys priscus Stehlin & Schaub, 1951 ....................................................................................... 124 Glamys priscus from Aguatón 2D (AGT2D) ............................................................................... 129 Glamys priscus from Villarrosano 15A (VRS15A) ................................................................... 131 Glamys priscus from Villarrosano 15B (VRS15B) .................................................................... 131 Glamys priscus from Aguatón 6 (AGT6) ...................................................................................... 131 Glamys priscus from Aguatón 5A (AGT5A) ............................................................................... 131 Glamys priscus from Bco. del Chorrillo 6C (CHR6C) ............................................................. 132 Glamys priscus from Cerro de Mas 1A (CDM1A) .................................................................... 132 Glamys priscus from Bco. del Puch 3 (PUC3) ............................................................................ 132 Glamys priscus? from Aguatón 5B (AGT5B) ............................................................................. 132 Glamys nov. sp. 1 aff. priscus ........................................................................................................... 132 Glamys nov. sp. 2 aff. priscus from Fuente Umbría 1 (UMB1B) .......................................... 134 Glamys nov. sp. 2 aff. priscus from Aguatón 9 (AGT9) .......................................................... 134 Glamys aff. priscus from Sossís 2B ................................................................................................ 135 Glamys olallensis Freudenthal, 1996 .............................................................................................. 135 Glamys olallensis from Montalbán 1D (MLB1D) ..................................................................... 138 Glamys olallensis from Montalbán 10 (MLB10) ........................................................................ 138 Glamys olallensis from Olalla 10 (OLA10) ................................................................................. 138 Glamys aff. olallensis or aff. priscus from Hoogbutsel (HB) ................................................. 139 The Glamys devoogdi-fordi group ....................................................................................................... 139 Glamys umbriae sp. nov. .................................................................................................................... 139 Glamys aff. umbriae from Fuenferrada 3B (FF3B) ................................................................... 147 Glamys aff. fordi from Chorrillo 2D ............................................................................................... 147 Glamys robiacensis Hartenberger, 1965 ........................................................................................ 148 Glamys or Schizogliravus sp. from Cerro de Mas 3A (CDM3A) .......................................... 149 Evolutionary relationships ..................................................................................................................... 149 Paleoecology .............................................................................................................................................. 152 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................. 153 References ................................................................................................................................................... 153 Appendix – morphology tables ............................................................................................................ 156 Freudenthal… 26/7/07 19:05 Página 100 100 INTRODUCTION The Sierra Palomera (Teruel, Spain) is a syncline of Jurassic limestones, with a cover of Paleogene and Neogene continental sediments in its center. The studied area is located on the topographical map of Spain 1:50,000: Monreal del Campo (26-20), Santa Eulalia (26-21), and Alfambra (27-21). The first fossil mammals from the Paleogene of the Sierra Palomera were published by Adrover et al. (1983), and proved the hitherto unknown presence of Late Eocene sediments in that depression. The Tertiary sedimentation is divided into two parts: the older sediments, strongly affected by the NNW-SSE directed tectonics, are attributed to the Late Eocene and the Eocene/Oligocene transition. This sedimentation ends somewhere in the Early Oligo- cene, and an important hiatus separates it from the second sedimentary phase. This second phase starts quite late in the Late Oligocene, and apparently continues uninter- ruptedly into the Miocene. The deposits are very poor in fossils, and in order to obtain statistically reliable collections, we sampled between 10,000 and 20,000 kg of sediment per locality, an activity that has taken us more than 12 years. The fossil material of the older phase is characterized by Theridomorpha and Gliridae, with a minor presence of Pseudos- ciuridae, and some other groups of rodents, insectivores and marsupials, and the almost complete absence of macromammals. The Gliridae from the older phase belong to the genera Glamys, Bransatoglis, Gliravus, and Microdyromys. The subject of this paper is the genus Glamys (Gliridae),