Chapter 3
75 are thin that 1 ses including application andses including application th conversion efficiency efficiency conversion th rst rst substation in offshore and new industries in the and new pment, Ensure Safety and and pment, Ensure Safety Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges lity, Prosperous Way of Life and Addressing lity, Prosperous Way is conducting R&D on component technologies is conducting R&D on component technologies ent we will work to solve challenges strategically challenges strategically will work to solve ent we t ofwi cells solar silicon promoting R&D on technologies pertainingR&D on technologies to promoting gas reduction and that are not merely extensions not merely are reduction and that gas is conducting a demonstration ofa demonstration is conducting and installation to ensure appropriate response to the increase of response ensure appropriate to offshore wind power generation systems that can systems that generation offshore wind power d Technology Basic Plan (hereinafter referred (hereinafter to as Basic Plan Technology d ency of system and generation the solar power ent of technologies new ization ofization society addressing super aging, sustainable ure. To this end, the government is advancing efforts is advancing the government end, this To ure. ines including the world’s fi environment. The targeted technologies are aimed at The are targeted technologies aimed at environment. tions. Considering the reconstruction status from the from Considering the reconstruction status tions.
tion, the development of the development tion, and the peripherals advanced y ic and Social Challenges Social Challenges ic and g technologies such as Perovskite solar cells solar such as Perovskite technologies o l o n ure called Perovskite. Because it can be used in simple proces simple in can be used it Because called Perovskite. ure h quality living. quality living. c e T d n to floating offshore wind power plant plant power wind offshore floating to a to solar power generation system system generation power solar to e c n e i c Citizens and a High-Qua a and Citizens
S e t o curity and high- m o r P o t d e t n e m e l p Sustainable Growth and Self-sustaining RegionalSustainable Growth and Self-sustaining Development m I s e r u s a
e M
Solar cell created in Japan using materials with a crystal using materials struct in Japan Solar cell created printing, significantprinting, reduction in production costs is expected. I
I
and food resources, energy, stable Ensuring t The Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) is (JST) Agency and Technology Science The Japan The Ministry of Trade and Industry (METI) Economy, of commercialization toward an eye With floating For the continued growthof For necessary it is Japan, In order to achieve the goals set in the 5th Science an set in the 5th Science the goals In order to achieve r Chapter 3 Chapter Econom Addressing 1 a Section 1
P and lightweight to overcome restrictions on installa restrictions to overcome and lightweight the effici technology maintenance improving toward technology. recycling low-cost developing competitive a within light utilization sun innovative 1 toward the commercial application of application commercial the toward innovative greenhouse a high potential for have that developments (B) Generation technologies pertaining technologies (B) Generation on S&T innovations toward securing of toward innovations on S&T real resources, of securing etc., se safety and ofinclude developmen which technologies, conventional 35% or higher. at A. Stabilizing and lowering the cost of and lowering A. Stabilizing clean energy supply pertaining technologies (A) Generation energy energy stable and improving efficiency (1) Ensuring social costs confronting the countrysocial costs confronting the and in the fut now of steep the landscape to respond ocean METI Japan, ofoperation a full-scale wind farm with multiple turb the 5th Basic Plan): Sustainable Growth and Self-sustainingthe 5th Basic Plan): Regional Develo Security for Our Nation and its Our Nation Security for disaster-stricken areas. areas. disaster-stricken national and local governments will work together together work will governments local and national the disasters, and other Earthquake East Japan Great developm to contribute will that innovations S&T on Global Challenges and Contributing to Global Developm Global to Contributing and Challenges Global innova exploiting technological and by scientific all 76 Chapter 3 77
ation ofation first Japan’s nstration of a “power rge-capacity fuel cells), rge-capacity Based on the technology the Based on ness risks and development ness risks and development of power wind offshore floating pply, and technologypply, drill wells to tion oftion structure and floating the ion geothermal power generation generation geothermalion power Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges on plant with vertical hydraulic cylinders to use hydraulic with vertical plant on of Fuel-Cell Gasification Coal Integrated the ted development and demo ted development ion ofion started first in the power offshore wind technologies la (including technologies developing technologies for efficient capture and for technologies developing a development and demonstr a development , etc. ofetc. , the plants, wind power offshore floating at enables gathering of gathering enables at on data more accurate s turbine technologies and further and high–efficiency s turbine technologies hed related technologies. technologies. hed related age. Also under development are technologies to Also under development age. s aimed at establishment of establishment aimed at s low- for methods new n” where underground is not collected. hot water , wave power, ocean thermalenergy and conversion power, wave , development/operation using IoT/AI technologies IoT/AI technologies using development/operation ing places around the windmills. In FY2018 following In FY2018 following placesing around the windmills.
d steam generated from the water is used for power power for is used from the water generated d steam from the ground undergroundabsorbs well to the heat. used in coastal areas. In FY2018 MOE commenced used in coastal areas. ty, reliability and economy of and economy reliability ty, systems. floating on toward full-scale dissemination full-scale dissemination on toward urces necessary for stable power su tenance costs, and a next-generat and tenance costs, aluation methods aimed at simplifica aimed at methods aluation and Science Promote Technology METI has been implementing demonstration projects demonstration implementing been has METI Regarding geothermal power generation, MOE conduc generation, geothermalpower Regarding The Ministryof conducted (MOE) Environment the In order to reduce costs ofIn order to reduce construction, installation of challenges In order to solve busi high as such generation geothermal power of prior and detailed The ministry examination study feasibility is continuing a high-performance development and demonstration, the commercial operat the commercial and demonstration, development country fish Its secondary 2016. in new include effects initiative MOE implemented year, fiscal the previous carbon and constructihigh-efficiency utilization ofutilization generation. (CCU) emitted from thermal power carbon dioxide 76 power generation using coal/LNG. The ministry The is also using coal/LNG. generation power reflected waves. waves. reflected of Development (D) technologies systems and coal utilization generation thermal efficiency high power of element its development Combined Cycle (IGFC) and ofand demonstration development high efficiency ga development and demonstration ofand demonstration development generati power a wave 2MW floating offshore wind power plant and establis and plant power wind offshore 2MW floating system. (supercritical geothermal generation) power circulatio on hydrothermal system based generation is poured that (fresh water) fluid Instead, circulating in the system an circulates The resulting hot water the ministry and isdemonstration generation, for conducting development power to wave As generation. of improvement efficiency can be systems that Part II Part to Implemented Measures offthe waters of verification for Fukushima, safe to reduction ofcontributing main generation. generation. Ministry of guidelines developing been has (MLIT) Land, Infrastructure, Transport Tourism and pertaining safety ev design and to methods while ensuring safety. installation technology Generation (C) geothermalpertaining to energy systems other renewable a technology th METI has been developing costs, underground an exploratory thermal resources at st use offor geothermal a short resources in of period cost. low at and time efficient system for geothermal generation power manage and evaluate geothermal reso Chapter 3
77 innovative oil refining refining oil innovative the situation including the situation fety measures including n resources for nuclear security. nuclear security. n resources for has provided training courses in has provided Station ofStation Power Electric Tokyo gy, radiochemistry, computational computational radiochemistry, gy, r the Technological Development Development r the Technological ning using petroleomics technologyning using to nuclear power use to nuclear power Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges oducts using low cost crude oil, etc.(noble use of cost crude low oducts using etc.(noble oil, the InternationalEnergy Atomic (IAEA) Agency (JAEA) established the Integrated Support established Center (JAEA) rensics that identifies the origin of origin identifies the rensics that nuclear illegal ed reactors, with high potential for widespread widespread with high potential for ed reactors, r Safety to enhance sa r security, as well as on those related to human as on those related as well r security, of functions that its discussion on the nuclear R&D ing international cooperation related to R&D on to R&D related ing international cooperation r the following: 1) the non-destructive detection of detection non-destructive the 1) following: the r n, METI has been developing n, METI has been e of to support in order the resources, skilled human Working Group that was set up under the Nuclear was set that Group Working R&D has been promoted for improved safety and the safety improved for promoted R&D has been
information regarding human resources development development human resources regarding information oduction in addition to the inherent safety. inherent safety. in addition to the oduction y g rovement ofrovement strengthening toward reliability) operation o l o n h c r pertainingsecurity e T d n a logies and infrastructurelogies unde ear Security (ISCN). This center center This (ISCN). Security ear e ndamental research on nuclear engineering, reactor engineering, engineering, reactor engineering, on nuclear research ndamental c oil generated in the course ofgenerated oil refi regarding the development of the development regarding huma assessment of has been based on what This is plants. nuclear power r security. The ISCN and the IAEA have been jointly developing developing been jointly The ISCN and the IAEA have r security. n e i c itioning and transmutation technolo itioning and transmutation S
e Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power e Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power e t o m o r P o t d e t n e m e l p m I s e r u s a
e M
I
I t JAEA is conducting basic and fu JAEA r facilities and changes in nuclear facilities and standard for regulation In response to the new There is the need to foster and secure a wide rang to foster There is the need METI has been developing techno METI has been developing In order to ensure production ofto ensure production In order added pr value high r a Science and Technology Committee, the Subdivision on Research Planning and Evaluation, and the Council Council and the and Evaluation, Planning Research on the Subdivision Committee, and Technology Science reportcompiled an interim Science and Technology for March in operation facilities necessaryappropriate and their them maintaining for should possess, the state 2018. part science, irradiation materials Efforts have also been made to develop technologyalso been made to develop fo Efforts have ofaging the Nuclear R&D Infrastructure facilities, areas. nuclear scienceadvanced and related science, ii) Basic and fundamental R&D for nuclear science R&D for Basic and fundamental ii) nuclear fuel material using neutrons, and 2) nuclear fo and 2) nuclear using neutrons, nuclear fuel material material. of application diversified gas-cool high-temperature field human resources in the nuclear developing and Securing iii) industrial use in power generation and hydrogen pr and hydrogen generation industrial use in power P based on the arrangement they made nuclear nonproliferation and nuclea nuclear nonproliferation training programsexchanging lecturers and and technologies for nuclear nonproliferation and nuclea nuclear nonproliferation for technologies and Nuclear Nucl Nonproliferation for and the U.S.A. in a leadership role towards advanc in a leadership role towards and the U.S.A. Japan Atomic Energyresources development, Agency Company, Inc. (TEPCO). Japan has been working with been has (TEPCO). Japan Inc. Company, sophistication ofsophistication risk comprehensive learned th at accident since the Program Contributing to Improvement ofProgram to Improvement Contributing Nuclea (F) R&D related to nuclear power power to nuclear (F) R&D related and nuclea safety to improve i) Technologies for molecular-level structural analysis and reaction modeling. modeling. reaction and structural analysis molecular-level for (E) Other technology development technology(E) Other development oil) and stable operation of operation oil) and stable refinery (imp facilities of of international competitiveness refineries in Japa from to extract materials raw petroleum products and petrochemical technologies all possible crude and residual oil unconventional 78 Chapter 3 79
mote operation equipment/devices equipment/devices mote operation oordination and cooperation based on and cooperation oordination Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges ing Nuclear Safety, in order to educate field field in order to educate Safety, ing Nuclear pment using funds provided by the Expenses for for the Expenses by provided pment using funds Inc. (revised on September 26, 2017). In these In 2017). 26, on September (revised Inc. iichi Nuclear Power Station, METI, MEXT and METI, MEXT Station, iichi Nuclear Power the safety of the safety and the smooth facilities nuclear ssioning ofssioning Daiichi Nuclear Power the Fukushima der the Center of for Project Intelligence World e (CLADS) and others has been promoting more more promoting othersbeen and has (CLADS) e D conducted by business operators on technologies on technologies operators business D conducted by d in the nuclear safety industry. This undertaking is in the nuclear safety industry. d l basis for decommissioning is also advancing. JAEA JAEA also advancing. is decommissioning for basis l
cient and strategic manner, in collaboration with the in collaboration cientand strategic manner, and radioactive wastes, Okuma Analysis and Research and Research Analysis Okuma wastes, and radioactive logy examiningof inside for the reactor containment for decommissioning offor Nuclear the Fukushima Daiichi rnmentincludes them. Such R&D to spearhead work on the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Station Power Nuclear Daiichi Fukushima TEPCO the Technology Development Center (Naraha town, Futaba- (Naraha Center town, Development Technology and human resource development based on the needs in the field of based on the needs in the development and human resource es have beenmeasures taking in c es have velopment and demonstration of and demonstration velopment re r existing nuclear power stations. stations. existingr power nuclear and Science Promote Technology Development of Development technica the facilities to establish The Ministryof is supporting (MEXT) and Technology Science Sports, Culture, Education, METI also has been supporting resource develo human the decommissioning ofToward the Fukushima Da 78 startedof full-scale operation the Naraha Remote de gun, Fukushima), a facility for Commissioning Human Resource Development toward Improv toward Development Commissioning Human Resource in nuclear facility maintenance an engineers involved expected to the decommissioning of to contribute (mock-up facility), April 2016. in addition, In of aim with the proper methods, analysis developing ofunderstanding and treatment/disposal fuel debris Part II Part to Implemented Measures secure and greater ensure safety, nuclear technology, ofdecommissioning plants. reactors nuclear power in older of development effi human resources in an effective, sectorsrelevant of academiaNuclear-HRD Initiative and government Global , and based on the industry, Programof Decommissioning Research and for Development Human Resource (GN-HRD). In the un Station) NPS (Nuclear Power Fukushima Daiichi the Collaborative with in cooperation MEXT Development, Resource Human Nuclear S&T and Decommissioning Scienc Advanced for Laboratories research basic/fundamental effective the decommissioning. control ofand to the safety othe of and Development Research iv) etc. technologies, Inc. of Station Company, Power Electric Power Tokyo agenci ministries and other relevant the gove need and difficult that are technically that the Medium-to-Long-Term Roadmap for the Decommi for Roadmap the Medium-to-Long-Term of Holdings, Company Station Power Electric Tokyo been supportingR& have these ministries measures, a technology extracting for a techno fuel debris and vessels. Chapter 3
79 tive Research Building tive Research ssioning. As a place for place for As a ssioning. Source: JAEA .” Also “GOJ will promote R&D Decommissioning Science Decommissioning Science 1 ion but move to decommissioning. decommissioning. to move but ion ssion Promotion Team, decided the Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Chapter 3 Addressing 3 Chapter Economic and Social Challenges International CollaborativeResearch Building by Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary assisted by assisted Secretary Cabinet Chief Deputy by for safe, steady decommi u,” the meeting of ministers on cabinet relevant (draft) of JAEA, and other matters. After the the After matters. other and JAEA, of (draft) explanations to the local governments at various at various governments to the local explanations g of and the international municipalities relevant ments with explanations on the basic policy of the policy of the on the basic ments with explanations the Basic Plan on Decommission of Monju. In In Monju. of Decommission on Plan Basic the the International Collabora es ofes Nuclear the to Monju reactor breeder fast the the risks for and the burden on future generations, on future generations, burden and the the risks for , MEXT set upMEXT in April , the JAEA the CLADS under lopment measures were discussed and understanding urces while adequately taking the past history taking into urces while adequately ssion system of Monju. In May 2017 the government Monju. In May 2017 the government system of ssion
was held, where the process and implementation system ted operation of operation ted 2018. March in facilities some y mmissioning R&D for the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Daiichi Fukushima the TEPCO for R&D mmissioning g o l o n h c e T
l cooperation with the U.S. and France etc.” etc.” France and U.S. the with cooperation l d n a
lume and harmfulness of fuel a nuclear and create waste radioactive e decided not to resume its operat its resume to not decided c n e i c
S e t o with increased focus on the on the with increased focus m o r P o t d e t n e m e l p m I s e r u s a
e M
Plutonium separated from spent fuel by reprocessing is mixed with uranium, processed into mixed-oxide fuel and used used fuel and mixed-oxide into processed uranium, with mixed is reprocessing fuel by spent from separated Plutonium I
I t Regarding the prototype fast-breeder reactor “Monj prototype fast-breeder the Regarding The Strategic Energy Plan (Cabinet Decision on July 2018) states “In order to solve problems related to related problems order to solve “In states 2018) Energyon July The Strategic Decision (Cabinet Plan Furthermore, the operational status of Furthermore, status the operational Center of the Based on the Acceleration Plan of Reactor Deco Reactor of Plan Acceleration the Based on r a P ofthrough internationa etc. reactors, fast reprocessingofand disposal mitigate spent fuels and World Intelligence Project for Nuclear S&T and Human S&T and Human Nuclear Project for Intelligence World startedin that FY2015 was Development Resource ofproject a commissioned changed from to a MEXT in A FY2018. project the agency conducted by subsidy etc. universities, with enhanced collaboration system that and R&D promote to CLADS the around built been has human resource development technologyv) Nuclear fuel cycle gathering knowledge within and beyond the country, within and beyond knowledge gathering Tomiokamachi, in center that for has started operation 2017. in April gun, Fukushima Prefecture, Futaba decommissioning. actual in needs efforts to reduce the vo GOJ will make of utilization to effective contributes that cycle reso understandin to seek the and continuing consideration reprocessing and will promote and plutonium use in LWRs community, 1 1 2015 to consolidate knowledge in Japan and overseas and overseas in Japan knowledge to consolidate 2015 NPS (Nuclear Power Station) (published in June 2014) June in (published Power Station) NPS (Nuclear Center (Okuma town, Futaba gun, Fukushima) star Fukushima) gun, Futaba town, (Okuma Center Senior ViceMinisters of MEXT and METI whowork as deputy heads. In June of the same year, the Monju was held to provide local govern Conference on on government Monju the plan decommission, basic explanations, the government helda meeting of the Monju Decommi on Basic Policy Monju and Decommission approved November of the same year the Conference on Monju nuclear power held in December 2016 December in held power nuclear headed Team Promotion Decommission Monju the up set of Monju decommission were explained, regional deve Since deciding the policy the government has provided has government the policy the deciding Since the decommi levels and gained their understanding of localpeopleof about Monjudecommissionobtained. was Based on the above, JAEA submitted an application of approval for of decommissioning faciliti nuclear the 80 Chapter 3 81
cal institutions, JAEA has has JAEA institutions, cal from the aspect of from the aspect and business ear operators are required to create are required to create ear operators Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges e promotion of the peaceful use of nuclear science science use of nuclear the peaceful promotion of e asic policy for implementation of implementation asic policy for disposal burial “Backend Roadmap” that is a long-term policy for is a long-term for policy that Roadmap” “Backend gy reportinterim compiled an a made and cember 2008) and the “Plan on implementation of on implementation and the “Plan 2008) cember Committee, the Subdivision on R&D Planning and and Planning on R&D the Subdivision Committee, search facilities and medi facilities search ril 2018 the Working Group on Nuclear Facility Facility on Nuclear Group Working the ril 2018 is advancing basic/fundamental research of basic/fundamental research is advancing nuclear ing, methods for raising methods for this purpose funds for and ing, ssion and will continue advance to decommission of efforts to achieve Sustainable Development Goals Development efforts to achieve Sustainable Source Material, Nuclear Fuel Material and Reactors Reactors and Nuclear Fuel Material Source Material,
December 2018 in addition to the development and December 2018 in addition to the development fety. MEXT will support JAEA’s efforts and advance MEXT will support JAEA’s fety. ely listening of to the voice the local communities. ar. The application was approved in March 2018 and 2018 in March was approved The application ar. me and hazardousness ofme and wastes, radioactive high-level nuclear facilities owned by JAEA by owned nuclear facilities fulfill this role, it is important for JAEA to steadily proceed with with proceed to steadily JAEA important for it is this role, fulfill IAEA with contribution to Peaceful Use Initiative (PUI) and (PUI) Initiative Peaceful Use to contribution IAEA with e nuclear facilities owned by JAEA. JAEA. by owned nuclear facilities e According to the revision all nucl According to the revision Implementation Plan” including the estimated amount of Plan”Implementation the estimated including materials will not be used for research while at the same time ensuring public time ensuring public the same research while at will not be used for technologies using accelerators. accelerators. using technologies rd radioactive waste disposal disposal waste rd radioactive and Science Promote Technology In April 2017, the Act on the Regulation ofRegulation the Act on the 2017, In April Nuclear For disposal ofFor wastes from re radioactive low-level In order to assist the significant reduction ofIn order to assist the volu MEXT has been supporting projects to deepen the understanding of among people the facilities th been supporting has of Foreign Affairs The Ministry 80 been advancing necessary initiatives according to the “B necessarybeen advancing initiatives Ministers the of by (decision METI in De MEXT and March 2018).” in approved were the plan changes to 2009; November in (approved disposal” burial of Decommissioning vii) EnergyAtomic (JAEA) Agency Japan by owned facilities Act) was revised. Regulation (Reactors and disclose their “Decommissioning is subject the Act, to facility each that at disposed nuclear by fuel material willbecome contaminated that of estimation in decommission the expenses involved other necessary matters for decommissioning. In Ap decommissioning. other necessary for matters the Nuclear Science and Technology Decommissioning, Science and Technolo the Council for Evaluation, on decommissioning of recommendation the published JAEA In response, financial management. which is an important policy challenge, the government challenge, which is an important policy group and transmutation separation decommissioning ofof the entire facilities in JAEA ofpublication a comprehensive as has an important role JAEA Plan. Implementation its Decommissioning In order to organization. nuclear R&D vi) Technology development towa development vi) Technology decommissioning of the facilities that understandingthe highest priority to sa and giving of decommissioning safe and steady th Part II Part to Implemented Measures of December in Authority Regulation same ye the Monju safely, steadilyand systematically while sincer understanding for viii) Efforts and co-existence with the public of development the sustainable towards and in regions where those facilities are located, nationwide the and other energy power on nuclear sources. region and education ix) International energy nuclear cooperation unloading of the fuel assemblies started in August 2018. MEXT and JAEA have held opinion exchange and and exchange opinion ofunloading held have JAEA and MEXT started 2018. fuel assemblies the in August briefing sessions with local residents toward decommi and technologies by IAEA and member countries’ (SDGs). Through financial support to Chapter 3
81 , 2) a helical helical , 2) a 1 airs and is now being airs and is now g capacity building of of building g capacity
nuclear weapons assembly. assembly. nuclear weapons safeguards implementation report,safeguards implementation ided to IAEA as information for its its for ided to IAEA as information Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges . Also, as part of. Also, to the contributions MEXT’s of activities in Japan safeguard implementation panese universities, research institutions and institutions and research panese universities, in particular, in their R&D and infrastructure in their particular, in d small amounts of on power fuel can generation verification technology reactors fast means by for verification ministry has been promotin been has ministry nuclear energy and nuclear non-proliferation by nuclear energyby non-proliferation and nuclear ience through activities ofience through activities IV Generation the used solely for peaceful purposes in 2017 as well. well. purposes as 2017 peaceful in for solely used ap for R&D on prototype (firstreactor ap for report)” urce in the future, because fuel resources abound, no resources abound, because fuel urce in the future, k reactor (The National Institutes for Quantum and and Quantum for Institutes National (The reactor k EA safeguards whereby IAEA verifies that nuclear nuclear that IAEA verifies EA safeguards whereby l deployment of excellent human resources and human resources of excellent deployment l not diverted or misused for misused for or not diverted r have been the subject of been the r have and have R&D advanced
Nuclear Source Material, Nuclear Fuel Material and Nuclear Fuel Material Nuclear Source Material, d global environmental problems. With regard to the regard With problems. environmental d global y g o l o formance JT-60SA Fusion Experiment System: n h c e T d n a nce the implementation result in 2003. nce the implementation
signed the Additional Protocol in 1999. Pursuantagreementsigned the Additional Protocol in 1999. to the e and in the volume ofvolume in the and waste. radioactive c entation activities. IAEA: in its activities. entation n e i c
S e t o m Regulation Authority. The result is prov The Authority. Regulation o r . P ) o t d e t n e m e l p m I s e r u s a
e M
reassembled as the JT-60SA, with a launch date scheduled for 2020. scheduled for date with a launch as the JT-60SA, reassembled In August 2008, operation of 2008,In August operation repdismantled facility facility test for was suspended. The was subsequently break-even the JT-60 I
I t Japan concluded IAEA in 1977 and and concluded IAEA in 1977 Japan METI also has advanced R&D for the establishment of the establishment for R&D METI also has advanced MEXT has been leading the way in peaceful use of in way the MEXT has been leading with the United States, etc. system R&D, in nuclear cooperation in wide-ranging is also involved Japan Fusion energy energyprime is expectedbe the to so On May 16, reported 2018 the government On May the result r a P 1 x) Efforts pertaining usepeaceful of to the nuclear energy and the protocol, Japan has been complying with IA with complying has been and the protocol, Japan peaceful purposes and are for used only are materials companies with expert knowledge and technologies, the and technologies, with expert knowledge companies internationa supporting countries and developing technologies of Japan. Energy Nuclear the IAEA and the by implemented Organization projects the under to Agency contributing (OECD/NEA) Development and Co-operation Economic for been has MEXT Office, the Cabinet by which is led (FNCA), Asia in Nuclear Cooperation for Forum supporting countries: Asian countries member FNCA the use of for development example. for nuclear research reactors, and radiation of reactors expected are Fast frameworks. international other and cooperation cooperation Japan-French to reductions in toxicity to contribute sc in nuclear other countries advanced and France (GIF International Forum strengthening of collaboration between IAEA and Ja and between IAEA of collaboration strengthening evaluation ofevaluation our safeguard implem are in Japan nuclear materials all the concluded that Broader Conclusion has been reached si (G) R&D of super-long-term energy fusion energyincluding technologies an generation greenhouse are emitted during power gases the Tokama 1) results in fusion: produced world-class Thus, pursuant to the Act on the Regulation of pursuant the Act to on the Regulation Thus, of 166 a system No. implementing been has (Law Reactors Japan Law), Regulation Reactor (Nuclear 1957) of reportsproviding to IAEA, and accepting IAEA and controlling nuclear material, accounting for inspections. during 2017 to the Nuclear energy solve an It could completely a large scale. ofapplication on the “Roadm based energy, fusion of 24, 2018, three types July on formulated reacto -Per High Technology, Science and Radiological 82 Chapter 3 83
enhancement enhancement perimental fusion reactor on its core technology, on its core technology, ) and Naka City (Ibaraki City (Ibaraki ) and Naka ce (LHD)) and 3) (LHD)) a laserce and of and fuel cells. batteries in October 2018 in October optimal control and management and management optimal control in the International Thermonuclear Source: ITER Organization Source: ITER Organization Reactor) Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges e power transmission to an overhead multicoptor transmission overhead an to power e has been conducting R&D conducting been has een conducting R&D ofeen conducting technologies elemental ofpartnership in Japan, an experimental reactor. (Cadarache in Saint-Paul-Lès-Durance, France) France) (Cadarache Saint-Paul-Lès-Durance, in d from renewable energy, etc. the project has been the project has been etc. energy, d from renewable to become an innovative energy technologyinnovative in the to become an Village (Aomori Village Prefecture and the Large Helical Devi and the Large
that complement and supportcomplement Project. the ITER that famE (Source: iter japan – QST) – japan iter (Source: famE nologies including hydrogen/storage batteries batteries including hydrogen/storage nologies fusion energy of operation the construction and through an ex Construction of Construction Thermonuclear ITER (International Experimental ic power can be extracted this way. extractedbe can way. this power ic , which demonstrates the scientific and technological feasibility of feasibility and technological the scientific demonstrates , which Japan has also been taking part taking has also been Japan 1 gical development and demonstration gical development rking on the SIP “Energy Carrier” since FY2014. With the aim of of aim the With FY2014. since Carrier” “Energy SIP the on rking ted technological development of ted technological development
Promote Science and Technology
power transmission receptionand part power andthinner it making and lighter. Source: QST power transmission and reception using micro waves. The focus of The focus transmission and reception using micro waves. power the R&D is on based on a seven-party international agreement (Japan, EURATOM, the U.S.A., Russia, China, South Korea and India) China, South Korea Russia, the U.S.A., international EURATOM, based on a seven-party agreement (Japan, Joint project for the scientific and technological realization ofscientific project the realization and technological for Joint (Rokkasho Village, Aomori Prefecture) Village, (Rokkasho Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has b has (JAXA) Agency Exploration Aerospace Japan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEohCE1 The Cabinet Office has been wo Office has been The Cabinet Space-based solar power that can stably supply clean energy clean supply free of stably can that power Space-based solar of state conditions such the natural Toward realization of realization Toward METI solar power, space-based METI is conducting the technolo Based on international agreements, internationalBased on agreements,
InternationalFusion Energy Center Research toward practical use of practical toward power. space-based solar energy fusion to ITER - way The
83 e whose practical use is 1 so for the performance the so for ization feasibility study, feasibility ization system using hydrogen” system using hydrogen” the environment throughthe environment nsumption for coordinated and renewable power such as solar and renewable power such as solar mestic use and other fixed uses, and and uses, fixed mestic use and other Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges tive technologies that have a big potential for potential for big a have that technologies tive technologies that combine the aforementioned aforementioned combine the that technologies rtual power plant that remotely integrates and remotely plant that rtual power “Energy system for realization of “Energy realization system for decarbonized ation Technology of Technology ation Energy Heat project, Wasted ofOne of existingan technology. the R&Ds is on lithium-ion batteries for next-generation vehicles, next-generation for vehicles, batteries lithium-ion actical application of application actical fundamental technologies, ems that will become necessary with the expansion expansion with the necessary become ems that will , and demand response, to make them function as them function make to response, and demand , port covers the commercial the power grid the power energy including facilities such as at has been emitted to has been at nomous distributed energynomous distributed time encouraging prompt social implementation of implementation prompt social encouraging time gy as power and heat without depending on a power without depending gyon a power and heat as power velopment was conducted al was conducted velopment supply and demand. METI has been supporting and demand. METI has been supporting supply mpact and long-life hydrogen liquefaction technology mpact and long-life hydrogen ll use a huge amount ofll use a huge amount the project energy, renewable gher performance than current batteries. In FY2018 FY2018 In performance than current batteries. gher ile increasing durability and efficiency. Toward further Toward efficiency. durability and increasing ile
an autonomous hydrogen energy supply system by energy by system supply hydrogen an autonomous energy and to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. energy emissions. and to reduce carbon dioxide tal optimization of optimization tal of through study technologies key l production and local co y gen including hydrogen power generation, storageof generation, power gen including hydrogen cludes renewable energy heat such as waste heat energy lled about 102 hydrogen stations, mainly in four major four in mainly stations, 102 hydrogen lled about and consumption reduction using new technologies and consumption reduction using new g o l o n h c e T d n a e c inefficient usage and sewage heat, inefficient usage n tric cars. R&D on fuel cells for do on fuel cells for R&D tric cars. e i c
S e t o m o r P o t d e t n e m e l p m I s e r u s a e M
Wireless power transmission system, innovative technology use of intensive transmission for system,Wireless power innovative carbon resources and universalmodul smart power I
I t The JST has been promoting competitive R&D ofpromoting competitive The JST has been innova MOE has been implementing “Construction ofMOE implementing has been auto METI also has launched the R&D ofMETI also has launched Utiliz Innovative METI has been conducting a demonstration ofbeen conducting a demonstration METI has vi a The Cabinet Office through SIP has been working on The Cabinet r a P and hydrogen based on regional conditions. regional based on conditions. and hydrogen batteries storage using by instead but system extension are not an greenhouseand that reduction gas hi vastly with the next-generation batteries storage the JST started R&D of co low-cost, a high-efficiency, aims to establish methods to introduce and use aims to establish ener renewable can supply constructing that a system to expansion will contribute ofthat use of hydro the same at and transportation, while surplus power investments. private and inviting technologies generic new since FY2018. With a view to a future society that wi that a future society to view a With since FY2018. including those for heat insulation and for the storage and transformation of the storage and transformation and for insulation heat including those for the use of energy, heat heat of development and the pumps thermal management on vehicle fuel cells, has focused on lowering costs wh on lowering has focused fuel cells, on vehicle spread ofthe ministry had insta vehicles, fuel-cell as ofcities, FY2018. energy waste heat reducing and utilizing towards th pr and Through the advancement inefficiency usage. the ministry has been working to save technologies, expected and studying how to commercialize them. to commercialize expected how studying and 1 society” since FY2018. In this effort, it envisions to envisions it effort, this In FY2018. society” since R&D of while implementing energysystems, management technologies innovative controls consumer-side energy resources spread across C. Improvement of Improvement C. energy efficiency utilization renewable energy and storage batteries facilities renewable power one power plant and use them for adjustment of and use them for plant one power construction of an energy system based on loca enhancement and cost reductionand of enhancement and post lithium-ion elec fully or such as plug-in hybrids utilization whicha defined in of localin area, energy methods when introducing large batteries for power syst for power large batteries introducing methods when of renewable energy introduction. Technological de Technological introduction. energy of renewable through emitted to the environment power by using an energy management system. The sup by using an energy power 84 Chapter 3 85
2 optimization of optimization tal load of load tal airplanes. process for bio jet fuel process for R&D on technologies for for R&D on technologies ternational competitiveness. ternational competitiveness. ross regions by introducing ross regions by Ministryalso started on research e taking into account the potential into account the e taking Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges tegrally from materials processing to device and tegrally processing and to device from materials method with a simplified method with m through open public invitations for proposals. proposals. for invitations public open m through n ofn competitive a within existing technologies xt-generation semiconductors xt-generation including gallium chnologies for making engines lighter and more lighter making engines for chnologies iency batteries or solar cells for construction of or solar cells for iency batteries evel Enclosed Jet Engine Test Facility), JAXA will JAXA Facility), Engine Test Enclosed Jet evel tion, in order to promote the further promote the further order to tion, in spread of consumption and environmen has been promoting R&D for stable energy stable supply for R&D promoting been has sources; energy conversion/storage materials for for sources; energy materials conversion/storage is directly related to in related is directly h an advanced model for implementation of CO for implementation model an advanced h While preparing, maintaining and improving large- improving and maintaining Whilepreparing, velopment/application and chemical processes. In processes. and chemical velopment/application ion and great improvement ofimprovement and greation energy conversion enables innovation in electricity consumption under electricity consumption under in innovation enables
on of has been MEXT 2030, by consumption power to other industries wherever feasible. feasible. wherever to other industries d process with many production steps. steps. d process with many production s that will use renewable energy, independent cables, etc. in public in public cables, etc. independent energy, renewable that will use s truction and urban planning fields. truction and urban planning fields. th high cost performance ac th high cost performance nmentally-sound and efficient use nmentally-sound enviro conducting R&D for been s g noise from the airplane body, whil airplane body, the from noise g energy-saving be followed by which will renovation, energy-saving yond individual districts. and Science Promote Technology The Building Research Agency ha Research The Building The New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) implemented the (NEDO) implemented Organization EnergyThe New Development Technology Industrial and Toward practical use ofToward using the ne devices power for potential big a have that technologies innovative on R&D the promoting been has JST The The National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Materials Institute for The National RIKEN (Institute of (Institute RIKEN ch) has been conducting Resear Chemical and Physical JAXA has been conducting R&D on lowering the fuel R&D on lowering has been conducting JAXA MOE has been implementing projects to establis projects implementing been MOE has The program focuses on key technologies listed in the Strategy for Energy Efficiency Technologies 2016 2016 Strategy listed in the Energy technologies for The program Technologies Efficiency on key focuses of promotion effective for 2016), September in (formulated of spread the and R&D energy-saving technologies. of resources/ energy cons in housing, efficient, and technologies for reducin for and technologies efficient, Energy-Saving Progra Technology Strategic Innovative JAXA intends to accelerate R&D in this area because it R&D in this area intends to accelerate JAXA the aeronautics industry a super-growth intends to make on par with the industry rates JAXA that will address R&D te instance, For automobileindustry. airplanes next-generation and beyond. R&D trend for scale experimental Ground-L facilities (wind tunnels and technologies aeronautic transfer innovative 84 FY2018 the JST succeeded in establishing a production production a establishing in succeeded JST the FY2018 independent/distributed energy system independent/distributed with together facilities other and of to a broad range Application etc. ofdevices, D. materials, innovative areas reducti significant which will enable nitride (GaN) R&D on the next-generationsemiconductor in promoting the In FY2018 and simulations. using theories also system application, high frequency devices. not an extensio are greenhouseand reduction that gas de material They include innovative environment. complicate a was previously synthesis that network systems that promote use ofnetwork systems that energy diverse emissions reduction measures wi emissions reduction be demand energy supply and consumpt power radicalrealize lower that devices science that materials new creating with efficiency, energyand efficient high-effic The R&D includes: use. Part II Part to Implemented Measures and system construc plan the master of development concepts. novel completely renewable energy and efficient use of energy. energy. use of efficient and energy renewable Chapter 3
85 rcement fiber is expected. d other major chemical als; accurate and speedy and speedy als; accurate transportation equipment ng copper, zinc and rare metals ng copper, silicon; production ofsilicon; production chemical ne resource survey industry. ne resource surveyindustry. research on the development and and development the on research Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges d sea floor, transportation/guiding from a base transportation/guiding d sea floor, gh of energy high-output semiconductorsfor ect aims at establishing technologies for efficiently efficiently for technologies establishing ect aims at market. For this purpose, the ministry has been For market. rol equipment of Floating an electric system for of rare such as the earths and certain elements, prove its industrial competitiveness, MEXT is its industrial competitiveness, prove logies for the exploitation ofexploitation the for logies and resources ocean thium-ion cell materials; application of application materials; cell thium-ion printing antly greater energy saving and efficiency at lower lower at greater energyand efficiency antly saving and wind power generation and also to save energy, energy, and also to save generation and wind power and autonomous unmanned underwater vehicles vehicles and autonomous unmanned underwater nology (JAMSTEC) has been conducting R&D for R&D for conducting has been nology (JAMSTEC) offshore structures and for reducing environmental structures reducing environmental offshore for and ducing plastic materials an materials plastic ducing bstitute materials ofbstitute materials rare earths and rare metals biomass and other materi new research project of project research new Next-Generation Technology y high-efficiency/performance high-efficiency/performance d establishment ofd establishment survey environmental and effective ated manufacturing process and component production manufacturing process and ated ributing to a low environmental burden society. society. burden environmental to a low ributing g o will help create a mari will help create derived from sustained wooden biomass. Its use as resin reinfo biomass. from sustainedwooden derived l o n h . . c 1 e T d n a rine hydrothermal deposits containi hydrothermal rine e c n materials without using metallic n materials water using solar energy water highly project); (artificial photosynthesis n r technologies toward sustainable sustainable toward sensors cutting-edge and other technologies obes, e i c
S e t o m o line maintenance. r P o t d e t n e m oceanographic offshore ex submarine construction, observation, ploration, e l p m I s e r u s for submarine pipe submarine for a
e ) 2 M
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Vehicle Underwater Autonomous Light-weight, high-intensity and low thermal high-intensity expansion and low Light-weight, nanofiber I
I t MLIT aims to advance into the ocean development development ocean the into advance to aims MLIT To overcome Japan’s resource constraints and im Japan’s overcome To To overcome the constraints the scarcity imposed by overcome To The National Institute of Maritime, Port and Aviation Technology (MPAT) is conducting R&D Institute ofThe National (MPAT) Technology and Aviation Port Maritime, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Tech for Agency Japan In FY2014, the Cabinet Office started a to work on Cabinet In FY2014, the METI has been developing technologies for: pro for: technologies developing been METI has r a P (AUVs supportingintegrated technology for cont development (FPSO) System Offloading and Storage Production before the rest of the rest before the world. These technologies rare metals that are necessaryrare next-generation metals that for cars on materials. mutual R&D been conducting MEXT and METI have 2 1 B. R&D on technologies for resource saving and su resource saving for R&D on technologies B. surveying cobalt-rich crustssurveying cobalt-rich subma and ofclarification oforigin the resources an seafloor pr assessment methods using ships, use of areas surroundingin the sea Japan. resources buried pertaining to for Ocean Resources Exploration under the SIP. This proj This under the SIP. Exploration Resources Ocean for (2) Ensuring stable resources and cyclical use use and cyclical resources (2) Ensuring stable A. R&D of resource exploration/production seabed conservation, high-luminance light materials, etc.; etc.; light materials, high-luminance conservation, effective use of use effective energy; breakthrou the toward R&D transportation/ communication between ocean base an between transportation/ communication conducting also is MPAT etc. sea, the land on the base on a to improvement of improvement of safety evaluation for techniques impacts. These techniques are the basis ofare the basis These techniques impacts. techno key energy. materials and energy and materials cont infrastructure materials and dioxide products from carbon of production efficient organosilico inedible from plastic products such as engineering evaluation ofevaluation performance characteristics and of li technologywith signific to produce electronic devices integr and; ones, conventional cost compared with of nanofiber lignocellulose functional highly 86 Chapter 3 87
1 pan’s urban mines t technologies based on t technologies of ethanol a cellulosic synthesize, significantly significantly synthesize, is R&D on the establishment of is R&D energy consumption in material fective use of Ja ience, microorganism science and ience, microorganism science and Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges logies that have a big potential for greenhouse greenhouse for potential big a have that logies increase the efficiency is also implementing technology demonstration research on effective utilization of utilization research on effective resource and e JST succeeded in synthesis of plastic material a eld implementation with clear goals in order to in order to clear goals with eld implementation of and Fisheries (MAFF) is Agriculture, Forestry amatically improving the development efficiency of efficiency the development improving amatically esearch center development type) in order to find in order type) development esearch center arce elements such as rare arce elements earth and rare metals by were previously difficult to previously were ng technologies within a competitive environment, environment, a competitive within technologies ng purposes, MAFF is conducting research to develop to develop MAFF is conducting research purposes, ofto Drastic Structural Contributing New Materials
r harsh environments, and breeds of and breeds harshr environments, with high cow troduce and disseminate next-generation biofuels, suchtroduce next-generation and disseminate biofuels, resource and energy conservation under the R&D on conservation under the resource and energy duction. The ministry is also promoting the development duction. The ministry the development is also promoting field by using science. For example, aiming at stable food supply, supply, food stable example, aiming at For using science. field by are more magnetic than conventional ones and that greatly reduce greatly ones and that conventional than more are magnetic rdisciplinary studies on plant sc studies on rdisciplinary emistry. Another RIKEN endeavor endeavor Another RIKEN emistry. n system as partof of introduction demonstration energy- an Asia urthermore, in order to promote ef urthermore, in order to promote oducts and components and high- oducts and components pr waste of sorting automatic for cy ofcy reducing useful materials, sposed home appliances are likened to a mine are likened sposed home appliances n System, the ministry is working is n System, the ministry Circulatio Resource Highly Efficient
and Science Promote Technology terials derived from biomass. materials derived from biomass. new s towards the discovery of In addition to medium- to long-term R&D, Ministry In addition to medium- to long-term R&D, For biomass energy, METI is conducting R&D to METI is energy, biomass For METI has developed materials that that materials developed METI has in has been consumed which RIKEN has been conducting leading studies on the cyclic use of carbon, The JST has been promoting R&D on innovative techno innovative on R&D promoting been has JST The Institute is conducting Research Works The Public the enormous in of quantity metals Useful di 1 86 promoting technology development with a view to fi to a view with technologypromoting development fo crops suitable super-high-yielding crop varieties, (3) Securing a stable food supply supply food a stable (3) Securing overcome challenges in the agriculture overcome ofproductivity improvement agriculture other and C. Development and demonstration of and demonstration Development C. technologies biomass utilization completely new materials that eliminate the need for sc the need for eliminate that materials new completely of functions the applying and elucidating theoretically elements. supply of resources as well as and realize stable to Build, a Technology Recycling of technologies on the development efficiency refining. to in and its costs, while reducing production process efficien production the improving structure the optimizing ofby from biomass catalyst. dioxide manganese products, through inte petrochemical Part II Part to Implemented Measures the Strategypromoting Project (r Elements Rare for use of Development rare metals in the Technological pro food with are compatible that biomass, as algal ofof capable technologies producing substances that recombinan through genetic design and high-performance materials lightweight, th In FY2018 biotechnologies. innovative which include energy facilities. on sewage a focus with Weight Reduction of Reduction Weight METI Equipment. Transportation loads and dr environmental reducing production, vastly large-scale genome information. of existi not an extension gas reduction and that are ch and synthetic organic biochemical innovative bioprocesse ofcirculatio resource a sophisticated system. F resource circulation saving Chapter 3
87 bility and techniques for techniques for bility and under “sophistication ofunder “sophistication develop technologies that promote that technologies develop et, MAFF is also working to develop develop is also working to et, MAFF Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges stry pursued verification strythe mini farming, pursued in tion verification the cooperation of cooperation the private ministries, relevant T, an automated driving system of driving an automated T, farm machines g robotics, AI, IoT, drones and other advanced advanced other drones and IoT, AI, g robotics, ng research on improvement and maintenance ofng research on improvement information for utilization of utilization for information agriculturein ICT in quire solution of in installation issues before safety contribute to enhancement of enhancement to contribute and supply, food the r innovative production innovative r ological resources, MEXT has been conducting R&D R&D MEXT has been conducting resources, ological
rms of and processa quality y g o l o n h c vestock products by using domestic feed. feed. using domestic products by vestock e T d n nation Platform to create an environment for data utilization in utilization data for an environment to create Platform nation a e c n ion, and robots for levee weeding and harvesting, for example. As for harvesting, and weeding levee for robots and ion, te to enhancement of enhancement te to supply. the food e e Japan’s food self-sufficiency targ food e Japan’s i c ne resources”programsthe among to S e t o m o r P
operation in April in operation 2019. o t d e t n e m e l p m I s e r u s a
e M
I
I t In order to promote “smartIn order to agriculture” combinin With the aim of the aim With harvesting of sustainable bi marine The Public Works Research Institute is implementi Institute is Research Works The Public r a P lifetime productivity. To help achiev To lifetime productivity. technologies with agricultural technologies that have been cultivated in Japan, in FY2018 conducted MAFF Japan, in been cultivated technologies with agricultural have technologies that using IC management production research on advanced food and feed crops that have novel features in te features novel have that and feed crops food of improvement quality and differentiation li positioninginformat using satellite of realization for improvement environmental data-utiliza of re robotics that rules for and established the safety of standardization for the field and worked agricultural cooperation with other ministries and agencies. With agencies. and ministries other with cooperation pment agencies and other partners, MAFF worked to to MAFF worked and other partners, agencies pment and develo research national universities, companies, construct the Agriculture Coordi Data farming full-scale toward to clarify the physiology ofto clarify the physiology fo marine organisms to secure living mari technologies use of resources. marine agricultural cold regions to in snowy production base contribu in cold sea to fisheries base 88 Chapter 3 89
public understanding public of the een conducting outreach activities where activities where een outreach conducting Provided by University of University by Provided Tsukuba Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges content created through through genome editing created content Tomato with high GABA (functional component) component) (functional high GABA with Tomato g, it is important it to deepen g, lopment, which include methods to change target genes target change to methods which include lopment,
expected to greatly reduce the time required for breeding. breeding. for time reduce required the expectedto greatly society. For this purpose, MAFF has b has MAFF purpose, this For society. ing” has been developed and and been developed ing” has Promote Science and Technology properties. Genome editing can can editing Genome properties. tivity and stable supply of supply and stable tivity New food. Improvement ofImprovement genome editing using crop varieties
2-2 Using this technology, tomatoes with a high content of content high a with reduced tomatoes greatly with potatoes GABA, technology, this component Using functional of dissemination For such new technologies as genome editin Selective breeding of breeding Selective Shine Koshihikari, created crops has
In recent years, “genome edit “genome In recent years, Colum genes. Conventional methods of methods Conventional genes. occurring naturally using togenerate etc. rays, orradioactive using mutations gene number ofa on large random cause mutations mutations These methodsgenes require on genomes. enormous time and effortobtain to desirable cutting target properties needed by generate efficiently It is high probability. with mutate them make to genes attracts attention as a technology for efficient mutation of mutation efficient technologya for as attention attracts professionals easy-to-understand provide explanationsof questions from answer genome editingcarefully and universityparticipants classes and other traveling events. at natural toxin, ultra-high-yield rice, etc. have been developed in Japan. Efforts for their practical use are underway. More More underway. are use practical their for Efforts Japan. in developed been have etc. rice, ultra-high-yield toxin, natural under deve are also genome editing technologies advanced them. cutting without are accepted by they so that technologies improvement ofimprovement produc varietiesarethrough created human selection of desirable of mutation gene by property caused changes This crop. the process of years. many take used to breeding selective other high-quality and demanded varieties Muscat by of Creation consumers and increased variety. our food high- yielding or disease-resistant alsoto contributes varieties 88 Part II Part to Implemented Measures Chapter 3
89
gy ment p nocellulose nanofiber nocellulose nanofiber g for energy-saving device for electronic ocess ofocess using devices electronic fficient oil refining technologies technologies refining oil fficient l power plant construction using using construction plant power l ectric power control technologyectric power ortation equi ortation Project p energy saving investments energyinvestments saving functional li functional pment of supply power regions oject for Nuclear S&T and Human Nuclear S&T and Human oject for y hl g Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges electric power stations electric power stations eneration cars, etc. etc. cars, eneration
g y stem off Fukushima y ment p societ energy, resources and food (FY2018) and food resources energy, g roduction of hi
ht reduction of ht reduction trans e-volume introduction of introduction e-volume ener renewable p y read of fuel cell cars g g g p o l technique technique eneration s eneration ment ment of next- o resources ondemand side -savin g g p h-level radioactive wastes, etc. etc. wastes, radioactive h-level n onent h g gy gy c p e T
rintin romote s d R&D on energy-saving production process of process energy-saving on R&D production chemicals R&D on energy-saving pr production p ofDevelopment techniques evaluation materials of construction for development Technology system production bio fuel a generation thermal power the next-generation R&D on of Construction of pertaining acceleration to platforms simulation develo of costs operating Grant for of introduction energy clean cars R&D on hyper spectrumR&D on hyper remote sensors detectionof for oil resources operationand costs ofdevelopment for Subsidy to stations hydrogen p e to supporton highly Subsidy R&D of expand introduction to development Technology power geothermal (JOGMEC’s funding) generation of development Technological new structural contributing to materials drastic wei of development Technological and process gratedinte manufacturing com Subsidy to support of Subsidy promotion costs of operating for Subsidy energy-saving of diagnosis SMEs cost R&D reduction for of generation, etc. offshore wind power of Development next-generation el lar toward of reliability R&D to reduce costs and improve generation solar power ofdemonstration for Subsidy virtua ener expenses ofCommissioning of experimental study wind offshore floating power Commissioningexpenses technology disposalon for stratum development of hi Grants for nuclear fuel cycle-related promotion coordination, etc. etc. coordination, promotion cycle-related fuel nuclear for Grants Commissioning forexpenses nuclear system R&D World IntelligenceCenter of Pr Develo Resource of realization to contributing semiconductors next-generation R&D on ener (ITER) Plan InternationalThermonuclear Reactor Experimental (BA) activities Broad Approach Businessesnuclear to related non-proliferation and security program research promotion project Strategic Grants for area-locating area-locating for Grants develo the promoting for Grants n a
) e c n e i
) c S e t o Council Council JOGMEC JPEC ( p m ( o r P METI ANRE MAFF NEDO
MEXT (ANRE) o t d oration oration Center Environmental e Metals National National Metals Implemented by by Implemented p t Promotion Center Center Promotion Japan Oil, Gas and and Gas Oil, Japan Agency for Natural Natural Agency for n Partnershi Japan Space Systems Space Japan e Resources and EnergyResources Cor Japan Petroleum Energy Petroleum Japan Next Generation Vehicle Vehicle Next Generation m e Major projects for stable supply of supply stable for Major projects l p / m I s e r u s a METI e MAFF MEXT Ministry M
I Table 2-3-1 Table
I
■ t r a P 90 Chapter 3 91
, 1 -quality basic research results of basic research research basic of results e conducting research to e een implementing the “Project toeen implementing diation facility, cryo-electron microscopy cryo-electron facility, diation Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges pport bases that link high pportbases that trials by ensuring the confidence in them, the in the confidence ensuring by trials the Platform Project for Supporting in Drug the Platform ediction technology, etc. using protein production protein using etc. ediction technology, t Programs for Medical Innovation and the JST t Programs Medical Innovation for (cryo-electron microscopy) ter 4 Sectionar 1 (2)) 2, ation on provision of provision on ation for and other benefits funds on and bioinformatics technologyon and bioinformatics and facility Riken is also conducting Riken science. and computational maceutical approval of the approval maceutical search institutions, etc. through technical support, through technical etc. institutions, search lopment (decided by the Headquarters (decided by Healthcarelopment for y where citizens stay healthy and live longer, medical longer, live and healthy where citizens stay y
ading medical care and to the generation of care and to the generation medical ading industrial ofand, based the Headquarters Policy, Healthcare for ugs, through Japan Agency for Medical Research and Research Medical for Agency through Japan ugs, promoted in a planned and comprehensive manner. To To manner. a planned promoted and comprehensive in 22, 2014, partially changed on February 17, 2017) and and 17, 2017) changed on February 22, 2014, partially tellectual property and through bearing management, ndle hyper-aging, depopulation, etc. etc. depopulation, ndle hyper-aging, their actual conditions es to allow industries and universities to share information by by to share information and universities industries es to allow d Welfare (MHLW) has been implementing the Project Promoting Project Promoting the implementing has been (MHLW) Welfare d tive medicine, the ministry has b medicine, the ministry has tive art and modeling of technology measurement, quantification for life
ses, for example, a world-class level ra example, a world-class level for ses, and Science Promote Technology See Part 1, Chapter 3-4 Method to observe proteins in to observe 3-4 Method 1, Chapter See Part medical technologymedical ha society to a sustainable Achieving RIKEN is promoting the advancement of advancement the promoting RIKEN is structural pr The Ministry of Health, Labour an AMED under the Advanced Research & Developmen & AMED under the Research Advanced To improve drug development and medical technology and medical drug su development improve To In order to contribute to the realization of to the realization In order to contribute a societ With the aim of promoting implementation of implementation promoting of aim With the clinical 2 of expenses of In order to help phar these activities. support for biomarker search, non-clinical trials, in trials, search, non-clinical support biomarker for a compound librarya compound producti and protein facility genome/epigenome analysis. ProgramsResearch under the Strategic (see Chap Basic in this field. These programs fundamental technologies with the create conducted in coordination are programs described above. of application practical early at aims project The through AMED. DrugSupport Discovery for excellent drug seeds of researchers of re public universities, and create innova produced in Japan technology, structure and function analysis technology analysis structure and function technology, pioneering research on state-of-the- the reproductionand for ofphenomena cell functions. 1 90 A. Drug discovery (A) Promotion of research drug discovery R&D that will contribute to the provision of the provision to will contribute R&D that world-le of the realization for activities be a society will such ofresults with the commercialization dr innovative Discovery and Life Science Research developing technological ba Part II Part to Implemented Measures of Establishment (1) world-leading with lives healthy and long enjoy people which in society a leadershipmade under the this end, efforts are being of Promotion the Plan for Deve and Research Medical 2017). 17, on February changed partially and 2014 22, on July Policy clinical trials. implementing (AMED), MEXT has been Development on the Healthcare Policy (Cabinet Decision on July on July Decision (Cabinet Policy on the Healthcare Clinical Trials Act (Act No. 16 of procedures establishes 14, 2017) was enacted in April 2018. The act April the conduct offor of provision appropriate measures for clinical trials, the certifiedby and opinions reviews ofand systems such as publication board review inform Chapter 3
91 ersities for producing ersities producing for structural of diversity for Drug Discovery to for Drug ent projects. Furthermore, the ent collaboration, construction of collaboration, construction atform Technology Program for for Program Technology atform ent for drug discovery. ent for drug discovery. s using silkworms and other local local other and s using silkworms Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges sic technologies in univ sic technologies opment ofopment technologyproduction advanced for to Promote Development of Development to Promote Equipment” Medical lity clinical study and trials led by doctors where led by doctors and trials study lity clinical ministry is implementing “the project for utilizing ministry“the project for is implementing e “Development ofe “Development Measurement and Advanced lopment of Infrastructurelopment partnership between universities and enterprises, and enterprises, partnership universities between ery technologies”examine to and identify as drug l equipment by discovering and utilizing innovative and utilizing innovative discovering by l equipment by the workshop of experts to establish the world’s of experts to establish the world’s the workshop by gy discovery that can middle-molecule drug for ppropriate environment improvement for early social social early for improvement environment ppropriate taking advantage of manufacturing technologies of of technologies manufacturing of advantage taking ents. The project is promoting the development of the development The project is promoting ents. velopment of innovative medicines, MHLW has been has been MHLW medicines, innovative of velopment y r enhanced production of biomedicine and continuous in cancer cells and other disease-specific cells. other disease-specific cells. in cancer cells and g ment of on the demand. based amount production o on technology developm l o n h c e T d ducting the Basic Science and Pl and ducting the Basic Science n a e rted 34 medicalrted equipment developm predict structures a fundamental that can penetrate into cells. As ch in industry-academia-government c n assist in developing ba developing in assist e i c produce biomedicine and test drug and biomedicine produce cturaltechnology and synthesis S e t o m o r their industrial use, MAFF has been promoting related R&D. R&D. has use, MAFF their industrial been promoting related nnovative biomedical drugs. P o t d e t n e m e l p m I s e r u s a
e M
I
I t Through AMED, METI has been implementing “Devel METI has been implementing Through AMED, Through AMED, METI has been implementing the Program to Promote Commercialization in Commercialization Promote to Program the implementing been has METI AMED, Through Through AMED, MHLW is implementing the “Project MHLW Through AMED, Through AMED, MEXT has been implementing th MEXT has been Through AMED, Based on the “recommendation on the direction ofBased on the “recommendation a Through AMED, MEXT has been con echnology development for innovative middle- innovative for echnology “t implementing been has METI development AMED, Through r a P resources and to accelerate lines fo cell new establish to biomedicines” aiming production of adjust will enable biomedicine that with the aim ofwith the aim pati for safer treatments providing of doctors by and development diagnosis supports and speedy supportdiagnosis accurate software that medical equipment. invasive non-invasive/minimal medical of commercialization and development promote to order in Collaboration Medical-Engineering by practice medical in needs meets that equipment Japan.program In FY2018the suppo ministry hasbeen implementing the “Program for R&Don Medical Equipment/Systems for Future Medical Care” with the aim of promoting development of innovative medical equipment based on the results of excellent basic research. The program has been promoting development of innovative medical toward creation of creation toward unprecedented medical equipment. first fundamental technologies to of Development B. medical equipment of Systems” to promote development Analysis medica technology seeds ofpromising researchers through implementation ofimplementation compiled technologies” innovative science and ethics are sufficiently secured. Toward de secured. and ethics are sufficiently science Promote Deve to Project the “Research implementing Japanese next-generation, i Promote Clinical Study and Trials” to promote high-qua Trials” to promote and Clinical Study Promote promote drug target/biomarker sear promote drug target/biomarker Medicine to Biological Innovative glycans in the development ofin the development glycans drug discov innovative exhibited are specifically that target glycoproteins in biomedical stru (B) Innovations next-generation drug seeds library and research next-generation drug as fundamental technolo molecule drug discovery” s technology to expand include The program expand drug targets. dramatically and simulation to middle molecules the drug development, new technologypromote can that 92 Chapter 3 93
play a central a role in play ry clarified the safety es human cells, such ases human cells, king. Basic research is Basic research king. n Program aims to that S cells. MHLW S is seeking logies that will contribute to that will contribute logies to practical use in a consistent consistent practical to a in use d related materials. To this end, To materials. d related sis and other technologies where where technologies other and sis eas, which are hurdles for the early which eas, to the technological and biological biological and to the technological Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges rative medicine that us ved from the nonclinical phase to the clinical clinical the to phase nonclinical the from ved inical trials as clinical study core hospitals based core hospitals based inical trials as clinical study the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Medical Research Agency for the Japan cused on Developing Key Evaluation Technology, Technology, Evaluation Key cused on Developing approving hospitals that that hospitals approving ms (see Chapter 4 Section 2, 1(2)) as well as at as at well as 2, 1(2)) Chapter 4 Section ms (see and securing of and and the securing funds, research dicine and drug development using stem cells, using stem cells, and drugdicine development MDA) conducted the regulatory conducted science strategyMDA) nsultations for practical application of practical application for nsultations excellent ing research in close cooperation with each other. other. each with close cooperation in ing research tive Medicine. The minist Medicine. tive ation ofation Medicine is constructing a Regenerative l application, in order to promote the development the development in order to promote l application, tions and improving networ improving tions and slational Research Promotio Research slational
cine product and developed a reasonable evaluation evaluation a reasonable cine product and developed centers, and establish permanent centers. AMED has permanent centers. and establish centers, conducting the Project for Comprehensive Promotion Promotion Comprehensive for conducting the Project r medicines using human iP promoting research on basic techno basic on research promoting for putting basic research outcomes putting for clinical studies necessary for development ofclinical studies necessary development for Japanese innovative evaluation criteria contributing criteria contributing evaluation king advantage of robotics, diagno drug development using iPS cells an drug development te innovative medical technologies technologies medical te innovative r safe and effective regene r safe and Science Promote Technology MEXT, in cooperation with MHLW and METI, is promoting the world’s first implementation of the world’s first is promoting and METI, implementation MHLW with in cooperation MEXT, Aiming at the early realization ofrealization the early at Aiming me regenerative MEXT, in cooperation with MHLW and through and through with MHLW in cooperation MEXT, In order to promote high-quality the Project Fo METI is implementing Through AMED, The Pharmaceuticals Agency (P Devices Medical and MHLW continuously supports endeavors that have mo MHLW continuously supports endeavors 92 including iPS cells, the ministries concerned the ministries promot are cells, including iPS ofestablishment on working are They system a research ofand management example. for intellectual properties, medicine and innovative regenerative D. Realization of Realization D. medicine regenerative C. Establishment ofEstablishment C. centers to crea the Strategic Tran has been conducting Development, Part II Part to Implemented Measures equipment/systems madein Japan ta system a establishing on working been strengthen ability to nurturestrengthen ability seeds in and outside of way been has MHLW 2015 since medical drugsdevices, and international-standard and doctor-centered cl clinical study ar and other research into tumorigenicity, rejection iPS cells, to promote medicine. of regenerative clinical application of in the Field Industrialization at Aiming Regenera on the Medical Care Act (Act No. 205 ofon the Medical Care Act (Act No. 1948) and of PracticalUse of through AMED. Medical Technologies stability of stability practica future towards medical equipment of medical equipment. etc. seeds and startups, academia held by consultations and comprehensive regulatory science co and comprehensive consultations nationwide framework by enhancing core center func by framework nationwide AMED at the Research Center Network for the Realiz the Center Network for the Research AMED at conducted also in JST Strategic Basic Research Progra Basic Research conducted also in JST Strategic RIKEN. also MHLW is phase. Through AMED, the search and selection of candidate compounds fo fo base of technology a to establish Japan has strengths. In cooperation with MHLW, METI has prepared a guideline for development of development METI has prepared guideline for a Japan has strengths. MHLW, with In cooperation detailed clarify equipment to medical items specific medi to each regenerative evaluation Chapter 3
93 able mass production ofproduction mass able . Cancer remains a serious a serious . Cancer remains tment including innovative tment including innovative program research promotes dge R&D with defined goals in an in dge R&D with defined goals t-generation medical care, such as such as medical care, t-generation Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges Research for Innovative Cancer Control Project Innovative for Research Project for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Research Cancer Project for l research (genomic cohortl research (genomic research), to restore ting biobanks, etc. described above into hubs for into hubs for described above etc. ting biobanks, rection ofrection the by be to advanced research cancer sic technologies for the st for sic technologies application stage to clinical stage based on the based stage to clinical stage application is also conducting the Tohoku Medical Megabank Megabank Medical the Tohoku is also conducting , research based on patients' clinical data including clinical data , research based on patients' rs. Based on the Cancer Control Act (Act No.98 of Based on the Cancer Control Act (Act No.98 rs. evidence; (2) realization of patient-centered cancer cancer patient-centered realization of (2) evidence; can live with dignity and in safety, we will further will safety, we in can live with dignity and Programson March 9, 2018) was decision (Cabinet has been conducting the Platform Program has the Platform been conducting for therapies, this research research this therapies, ent DNA, biological samples and clinical information information clinical and samples biological DNA, ent application ofapplication cancer trea ciety, the government has promoted studies on cancer on cancer studies promoted has government the ciety, cancer during their lifetime science and technologies and clinical needs. science and technologies y g o l o n h c e T d n a e fected regions and to attain nexfected regionsattain and to cohort study on areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Earthquake. East Japan the Great by affected areas cohort on study c n aluation of aluation ofapplication in the candidates medicine regenerative the same time to carrythe same time to out cutting-e e i rative medicine, and the development development the and medicine, regene for will be needed rative that cells, c S e t o m o r P o t d e t n e m e l p m I s e r u s a
e M
I
I t In Japan, one in about three people die from cancer (about 370,000 persons/year as of as persons/year 370,000 (about from cancer die people three about in one In Japan, is It FY2017). MEXT, through AMED, has been implementing the implementing has been through AMED, MEXT, the Practical is implementing MHLW Through AMED, k Japan Program has and research genome for Japan Biobank the is implementing MEXT Through AMED, and so patients joint efforts by at aiming Therefore, r a P community medical systems in the af community medical systems in the Furthermore, personalizedthe ministry prevention. Promotion of restructure to the exis Genome Medicine next-generation cancer order to create In Evolution. propertiesbiological of the elucidating at aimed cancer half from the latter and treatment diagnosis of the Strategy Cancer Research. for 10-Year Comprehensive estimated that one in about two people will develop one in about that estimated F. Cancer research F. Project, which is a long-termProject, which is genome to promote long-termThe project intends epidemiologica while at research bases/cooperation on the based are These efforts cancer. with living on and mind in permanentwith a and prevention cure and Ministersof Strategy the by (decided Cancer Control for MHLW 10-Year Comprehensive MEXT, the future di establishes that METI on March 31, 2014) specific research items and other matte whole country, people where of a society creation treatment, and;(3) progress of promote research in accordance with the aspects. both combining and research information, cancer genome practical at research aimed advancing and powerfully E. Realization ofE. Realization Genome Medical Treatment one ofestablished the world’s largest biobanks of pati MEXT medical institutions. collected from cooperating integrated manner using the research bases. and health. life for problem Control Cancer Promote Plan to Basic the 3rd 2006), aim to and cancer know patients cancer including public “the objective: overall the with formulated of promotion focused The plan incorporates cancer.” overcome therapy immune and medicine genomic of development which promise enhancement plan: (1) goals set in the with the In keeping treatments. new on scientific based and screening prevention of cancer method. And METI is promoting the development of the development promoting METI is method. And ba high-quality stem cells, such as iPS such as cells, stem high-quality of ev safety for technologies basic medicine. 94 Chapter 3 95
or restrict and and restrict or bution in a living organism bution in a living organism evention, diagnosis and treatment and treatment diagnosis evention, ing application to Targeted isotope isotope to Targeted ing application ga, Kanagawa and Osaka prefectures prefectures and Osaka ga, Kanagawa ts for physical pain, cancer-specific pain, pain, cancer-specific pain, physical for ts ication of of mechanism ication the developing Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges tion, research into brainis also being science lity, non-clinical trials and international-level, and international-level, trials non-clinical lity, strengthening coordination of strengthening coordination and basic clinical e Comprehensive R&D Project on Measures for R&D Project Comprehensive e mutation ofmutation genes cancer-related ) and the Strategic Global Promotion of Promotion Global Strategic ) and the Brain and is promoting the development of development the promoting and is innovative r 4 Section 2, 1(2)), and AMED under the Advanced under the Advanced 1(2)), and AMED r 4 Section 2, e studies include those on cancer vaccine therapies, therapies, e cancer vaccine studies include those on inly for refractory and/or orphan cancers, by taking refractory by for inly orphan and/or cancers, ience and Technology (QST) is promoting research is promoting research (QST) and Technology ience ples that support behavior selection and adaptation adaptation and selection support behavior ples that aluation, advanced information communication and and communication information advanced aluation, non-human primate study. At RIKEN and the JST, the JST, RIKEN and At study. primate non-human c. and working to spread the outcomes under the c. the human brain at the neural circuit level by taking by the neural circuit level brain human at the ange Plan) formulated in 2015 and through AMED, and through AMED, in 2015 Plan) formulated ange
s to society. The program The the includesat R&D aiming s to society. s and treatment methods. Based on the Comprehensive s and treatment methods. Based on the Comprehensive cleic acid medicines and cancer peptide vaccines. cleic and peptide medicines acid cancer vaccines. t-generation therapy using pathological diagnosis and and diagnosis pathological using therapy t-generation and internationally. Based on R&D performed by QST, nerve cells, neural networks and other areas. neural areas. networks and other nerve cells, plementing the Strategic Research Program Brain Sciences for Strategic Research plementing the ress, dist pain, and social including and financial l and mental work expected to be a breakthrough therapy for refractory cancers. Efforts cancers. therapy for refractory breakthrough a be to expected were installed in Hyogo, Gunma, Sa were research toward R&D of R&D research toward pr dementia
MEXT has been implementing the Brain Mapping by Integrated Brainby the Mapping implementing has been MEXT and biometric devices, research regard and biometric devices,
1 d Neurological Disordersd Neurological and Science Promote Technology and conducting research aimed at clarif assessment. The goal is to improve treatmen improve to is goal The assessment. minate its use domestically for diagnosis of diagnosis for of etc. conditions, the cause, Alzheimer and other diseases. Through AMED, MEXT has been im Through AMED, MHLW is continuing prior strategic cancer research cancer strategic prior continuing is MHLW This includes methodseffective for cancer pain ev th has been implementing Through AMED, MHLW National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sc Quantum and Radiological Institutes for National of amount a very small drugs emitting of a picture Radioactive make to examination PET for used are radiation distri radiation 1 94 G. Research on Mental an Research G. (SRPBS), which aims at brain science that contribute brain science that at aims which (SRPBS), In addition, to environments. (Brain/MINDS Studies Disease for Neurotechnologies palliative care quality palliative care quality depression and psychologica anxiety, permanent cure of disorders and neurological by mental princi the brain R&D to clarify function research, and of aim the Science with of principles action clarifying ofadvantage including strength and features Japan’s ProgramResearch (see Chapte under the StrategicBasic Part II Part to Implemented Measures drugs), drugs nu molecular target (such as antibody Programs Medical Innova and Development for Research in the fields ofpromoted molecular structures, therapies that either use genome information including including information either use genome therapies that therapies vaccine Cancer and refractory orphan target cancers. mainly and that stem cells, cancer eradicate as a advancing type fourth therapiesof and are rapidly radiation operations, surgical following therapy, high-qua promoting is MHLW Therefore, chemotherapy. ma drug development, for trials clinical doctor-centered ofadvantage rich history ofJapan’s Thes such studies. Persons with Disabilities (radionuclide) therapy that is expected is nex be to that (radionuclide) therapy and other projects. drugs, radioactive for medical treatment. In the field of In the for medical treatment. of development QST is promoting imaging, molecular radioactive drugs includingprobes PET on heavy-ion cancer therapy, which is cancer therapy, which on heavy-ion willto disse be made facilities therapy cancer heavy-ion problems. problems. mental diseases and establishment of proper diagnosi mental diseases StrategyOr (New Measures Dementia Accelerate to the ministryhas been conducting methods, rehabilitation and nursing care models, et and nursing care models, rehabilitation methods, Chapter 3
95 distribution in distribution medical diagnostic techniques, diagnostic techniques, ng Infectious Diseases d “Involvement in the d “Involvement onomic efficiency, helping helping efficiency, onomic ion for industry-academia-ion for ic/ therapeutic medications medications ic/ therapeutic Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges Rare/Intractable Disease Project ofRare/Intractable in Japan into cell culture-based vaccines and intranasal and vaccines culture-based into cell infectious diseases. infectious diseases. buting to formation of to formation buting of a “society health and established rules for data rules data for established tration contributing to the development ofdevelopment to the contributing tration online medical treatment, nursing care and health fields, nursing care and health fields, medical treatment, ofec medical safety and arch by BSL4 facilities and other infectious disease BSL4 facilities and by arch the development of development the proper number of elucidate aims to The project patients. Information to Contribute to Medical Research and Medical Research to to Contribute Information arch into cell culture-based vaccines and intranasal and intranasal arch into cell culture-based vaccines tate the necessary administrative responses. In the responses. the necessary administrative tate n quickly be provided to people to contain novel flu flu novel contain to people to provided be quickly n n quickly be provided to people to contain novel flu flu novel contain to people to provided be quickly n seeds against pathogens, etc. of etc. pathogens, seeds against high pathogenicity search on Infectious Disease. The 9 research centers on Infectious Disease. search ocessed medical informat ocessed ety Level (BSL4) of (BSL4) Level ety (November University Nagasaki the pathogens ofthe pathogens suffered infectious diseases widely ce (AMR) (April 2016)”an
infection control and prevention, and to diagnosis and and and to diagnosis and prevention, infection control thening Measures on Emergi thening Measures y g o l o n h c e T d ming intractable diseases, the project supportsareas in research diseases, intractable ming n medicines against medicines against a e the relevant organizations of organizations the relevant with collaborating been have rica their c n e i c eemerging Infectious Diseases S e t o m o r P o t d e t n e m e l p m I s e r u s a e M
I
I t With With the aim of promoting use of pr anonymously MHLW, through AMED, has been implementing the the has been implementing through AMED, MHLW, Through AMED, MHLW is also conducting research research conducting also is MHLW AMED, Through Through AMED, MEXT is implementing the Japan Initiative for Global Research Network on Infectious Infectious on Network Research Global for Initiative Japan the implementing is MEXT AMED, Through In order to further promote networking using ICT in in ICT further to order In using networking promote r a P pandemics. pandemics. the vaccination administration. MHLW is working working on is MHLW administration. the vaccination facili that methods strategies and preventive treatment field of is also conducting rese MHLW influenza, novel ca vaccines effective and more simpler so that vaccines, 2016),” the ministry has been providing support for rese support for 2016),”ministry the providing has been of aim the with of discovery innovative of Promotion J. of utilization of taking advantage health information ICT I. Research on intractable diseases on intractable I. Research for measures against emerging infectious diseases, diseases, emerging infectious against measures ministerial meeting for the 2016)”at decided (February Resistan Antimicrobial on Plan Action “National of Development of the Laboratory the Highest Biosaf research centers conducting and target search of drug overco Toward MEXT. with cooperation where research is not making progress a small to due of development time promoting the same while at conditions, pathologic and remedies effective new expansion ofof application integrated in an manner. etc. existing drugs, by the people of people the by of the basic study promote order to in country, the diagnost Streng Plan for Based on the “Action treatment. are an important fight to means that inoculations particular concern With preventive for pandemics. the evaluation is researching MHLW infectious diseases, Diseases and the Japanese Initiative for Progress for ofInitiative Diseases and the Japanese Re Asiain 9 countries throughout and Af addresses research that countries on epidemiological to contribute that technologies new and to develop ca vaccines effective and more simpler so that vaccines, H. Research Emergingon and R H. Research Research and Development Project for Dementia. Dementia. Project for and Development Research Development (Act No. 28 of 28 (Act No. Development 2018. 11, on May enforced was 2017) Ministry of Internal (MIC) Affairs and Communications government R&D in the medical field and thereby contri medical field and thereby R&D in the government Processed Medical Act on Anonymously the longevity,” treatment-nursing collaboration and conducted a demons and conducted collaboration treatment-nursing 96 Chapter 3 97
, information , information 2 , the Cabinet Office is Office is , the Cabinet ng traffic accidents ofng traffic accidents ods for facilitating data data facilitating ods for
hout their lives and use the data hout their the data lives and use and use of the oceans using the y health information obtained from obtained y health information Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges behavior modification taking advantage of advantage taking modification behavior helps to improve the safety ofsafety the improve to helps traffic, railway search for realization of realization search for where users a system MIC is conducting research and study of research and study MIC is conducting radio velopment ofvelopment ofwith application endoscopes 8K nistry has been conducting R&D for appropriate nistryappropriate been conducting R&D for has omote behavior modification of modification behavior omote of patients mild system utilizing high definition image data. In theIn data. image definition high utilizing system ffofposition wide with screen gates platform new m) for health information, etc. by collecting by and health etc. m) information, for ort System. Anticipating that an enormous volume an enormous volume that ortSystem. Anticipating a recording device concernia recording device cates the policy to promote technology development technology promote to policy the development cates d map information will be exchanged for driving aid aid driving will be exchanged for d map information data links and linkage meth links and linkage data the people, the National Institute for Land and Institute for National the the people, ce for prevention/improvement of prevention/improvement ce for and other lifestyle
SIP automated driving system driving automated SIP information while reducing the network load. load. network the reducing while information support functions” research. and other s and next-generation urban transportation. technologies pertaining to vessels technologies r data in chronological order throug in chronological r data ies through cloud computing services. through ies itute of of (NRIPS) Science Police (NPA) Agency Police National ation obtained through the study. obtained through the study. ation through intervention based on dail
) and research toward development of development toward ) and research using planning model a health guidance 1 and Science Promote Technology Personal Health Record Health Record Personal Interface Human Machine MLIT has been promoting technology development that been promoting technologyMLIT has development R&D of has been conducting MPAT The Comprehensive Strategy on Science, Technology, and Innovation determines the government’s determines the government’s and Innovation Strategy Technology, The Comprehensive Science, on In response to the diversifying living needs of living to the diversifying In response Through AMED, METI implemented “Promotion of METI implemented Through AMED, In FY2018, National Research Inst Research National In FY2018, Toward a society where connected cars are widely used, a society where connected cars are widely Toward the patients’ wearable terminals, etc., construct eviden etc., terminals, wearable the patients’ method (algoris analysis basic a diseases and develop analyzing high-quality health inform health high-quality analyzing vehicles with driver support systems. support systems. driver with vehicles to guide the getting on/o a system including developing openings. 1 2 96 ment ofInfrastructure is conducting “develop Management and evaluation urban structure analysis living techniques based on the diversifying the With realization. its early in the field toward HMI driving, namic map necessary fields: dy automated for on five R&D with focus promoting B. Research on transportation systems on transportation systems Research B. ofdirection Transport the Intelligent indi System and (2) Building infrastructure for sustainable cities and regions cities and infrastructure sustainable (2) Building for development A. Compact and functional town for multiplefor purposes (PHR This programpr to aims information.” health/medical diabetes lifestyle diseases including Part II Part to Implemented Measures re MIC conducted Through AMED, medical examination. medical and othe their own can manage field of ICT across services utilizing public by improve promoted efforts to MIC administration, public items, data and verifying studying while also Japan, AI. The ministry also implemented research toward de AI. The ministry toward also implemented research technologyand construction ofsupport an AI diagnosis linkages among public service public among authorit linkages promoted research on an analysis technology using analysis an research on promoted systems that can be used for a new Intelligent TranspIntelligent a new can be used for systems that of an radar data including camera images, information a radiomi driving through system, the and automated ofand distribution collection amount of a huge security, reduction in pedestrian accident reduction in pedestrian security, Chapter 3
97 sily by disabled people, by disabled sily door digital map installed demonstration experimentdemonstration e verification of e verification technological ics and developing transportation ics and developing ect to Promote the Development and the Development ect to Promote Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges affic, improvement of improvement affic, and efficiency aircraft flight everyone including the elderly and people with and including the elderly everyone support development of support development private by devices robotic paratuses that can be used ea pment to Support Independence of Persons with pment to Support Independence of gulations that are socially feasible and that help to help to and that feasible are socially that gulations rmation in the brain in non-invasive or minimally minimally or brainin non-invasive rmation in the m ofexpansion to is to contribute the R&D of air for ensuring the safety of ensuring the for research on technologies e development and practical application of application and practical development e next- private business operators who are engaged in R&D whooperators are engaged business private rticipation in society, MHLW has been implementing implementing been MHLW has in society, rticipation ice using a high-accuracyin eld, the institute has been implementing research that that research has been implementing eld, the institute use indoor/outdoor position information at the time at information position indoor/outdoor use also being conducted on promoting modal shifts, shifts, on promoting modal also being conducted has been conducting R&D including “advancement of “advancement R&D including has been conducting pplication of pplication is one of which robot care devices, the
chnologies for environmental conservation; conformity conservation; environmental for chnologies y stress, MLIT implemented a implemented MLIT stress, g rd information” and “information sharing among parties sharing among “information and information” rd o l o n h c re foundation system in the communities the in system foundation re e T d n a e c n e l standards of standards l th and automobiles; me transportation for better logist better for me transportation i TI has been implementing the Proj the implementing been TI has society. Specifically, for the purpos for e of Specifically, of ensuring the safety society. marine e independenceof people. elderly c
S e t o m o r P
develop convenient support ap support convenient develop o t d e t n e m e l p m I s e r u s a
e M
I
I t ort Technology is responsible for the following: the following: for is responsible Land Transp and ort Technology Automobile for Agency The National In the field ofInstitute the electronic navigation, For the purpose of working to develop For are life support,and MEXT and MHLW applications clinical In support of disabled people’s independence and pa people’s disabled In support of METI is promoting a project to provide support to provide to project a promoting METI is Toward construction ofToward society where universal a r a P inspection regarding technologica inspection regarding recalls. automobile requirements for land transportation including the promotion ofincluding the promotion land transportation th of testing and research vehicles; heavy generation te reduction in environmental impact of reduction in environmental of the safety aircraft while improving , air traffic. road users; vulnerable accidents involving preventing concerned of advancement and aircraftThe ai flight.” of improvement of traffic capacity, convenience the tr air systems. systems. of trajectory-based through air traffic “advancement management operation,” airport operation,” of “optimization of utilization traffic air by onboa C. Construction ofC. ca life a comprehensive info can decode Brain-machine (BMIs) that interfaces increasing the efficiency of efficiency the increasing mariti functions. physical complement and recover to treat, ways, invasive helps to realize a safe and secure secure and safe a realize to helps re safety transportation, is formulating this institution is sea. Research reduce accidents at substantially Equi of the Project for Development and Promotion to seek They Disabilities. technologies as well as electronic navigation. In this fi In navigation. as electronic as well technologies as per their needs practical a the facilitate To apparatuses. welfare on ME development, for areas priority ofStandardization Nursing Care to for Devices Robotic businesses, which contributes to th which contributes businesses, without freely activities in can engage disabilities of a disaster. of serv sharing information disaster a bird’s-eye-view to case model a as Station, Tokyo around area the in 98 Chapter 3 99
to practical application to practical application overseas airports as well. airports well. as overseas e causes was loss ofe causes was loss to a due control Checking wind information on board (Filming in cooperation with Japan Airlines) Japan with (Filming in cooperation Provided by JAXA JAXA by Provided Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges Pilots think highly of highly Pilots think it contributes that in system the d a systemThis is a systemad to to visualize turbulence. ers it important that the needs for infrastructureers the needs for it important that is intended that the technologies used for this this used for the technologies that is intended Airporta view with in FY2018 t usingtsensorswind radar) the (radio installed at wave l development. By translating new technologies into technologies new By translating development. l e data, visualize the turbulence in a graph, table, etc., and and etc., graph, a in table, turbulence the visualize data, e started operation at actual airports (Tokyo International International airports (Tokyo actual at operation started aintenance, renovation and management technologies” technologies” management and renovation aintenance,
s fast enough and make the airplane crash into the runway. the airplanecrash the runway. into make and enough fast s technologies will be used at used at will be technologies ht path ht path g Fli wind information service world. information is first in the wind y have experienced shakingy have ofairplane an to due “turbulence.” If turbulence ing at Narita Airport 2009. One of in ing at th
) 1 Observation Observation Provision Provision Confirmation Confirmation ) ) 2 ) In the) In wind past information only on the ground and (airport) wasavailable, 3 *1 Promote Science and Technology wind g Image ofImage operation ALWIN Its operation was evaluated businesses. and private JAXA between in collaboration is underdevelopment Safety technology reduce aircraft to turbulence” “visualizing by accidents ） *2 above the airport usin above y
sk observation sensor (redobservation line) the windproviding information line) to the pilot (yellow just landinginformation before Airport Observation of Observation the wind in the ) 1 2) Detecting a turbulence and 2) Detecting a turbulence wind the checks The pilot 3) 2-3 As it is expected that flying will become part will a of quiet technologythese flying expected is it As that frequently, more fly people will and life daily AirportWind Information Low-level *1 ALWIN: Information Wind Low-level SOdar-based SOLWIN: *2 A system using wind observation sensor (acoustic radar) with more limited observation range but at a lower cost systemA sensorobservation using (acousticwind lower a radar) with limited observationmore at range but “Can we visualize turbulence?” turbulence?” visualize “Can we develope Agency Meteorological Japan the with jointly JAXA Anyone who has riddenairplane in an Anyone ma
Colum Concerningof research topic the “infrastructure m
at Oita Airport in FY2017 and at Tottori Airport and Shonai Tottori Oita Airportand at at FY2017 in domestic these expected It is that years. within several supportthat developments operation safetywill become important and saferair for travel. more comfortable contribute to safer landing, because it visualizes the wind in the sky above the runway, pilots can grasp turbulence above above graspcan pilots turbulence runway, the above sky the in the wind visualizes it because landing, safer to contribute system The time. real in and detail in accurately runway the AirportNarita International Airport) (Haneda) and in April 2017. take-offto stable of kind This landing. and （SOLWIN measure wind direction and speed in the sky over an airpor an over sky the in speed and direction wind measure th on based landing influences that turbulence airport, detect to pilots (ALWIN them provide pilots’ experience. system necessary expected is information This by safecomplementedto landing was for mainly of speed and posture the changes rapidly turbulence because airport during landing, altitude low a occurred at an the change with to cope be able not may the pilot airplane, airplane crasheda cargo on land In fact, altitude. a low occurred at that turbulence
(FY2014-FY2018) under SIP, the Cabinet Office consid the Cabinet under SIP, (FY2014-FY2018) the seeds of with be matched maintenance technologica practical applications and by elevating the level of level the elevating prices by and reasonable practical applications at management and maintenance Office aims to uphold high standards of the Cabinet maintenance, through preventive maintenance and It infrastructure. important domestic for management ofpurpose in the creation assist infrastructure for and maintenance market and sustainable attractive an export the promoted has Office also The Cabinet ofmanagement. infrastructure and maintenance 98 (3) Extending service life for efficient and effective infrastructure effective and service efficient (3) Extending for life Part II Part to Implemented Measures
Chapter 3
99 ICT for various types of types various ICT for works, cilities; the maintenance of river d social capital stock through more Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges d introduction of introduction d maintain social robots to al field, in which Japan excels, for technologies technologies for excels, which Japan al field, in pment of enable that monitoring technologies of to and; research contributing the country, the development of: methods contributing to an of: methods contributing the development with full utilization of with utilization full methods ICT” to develop and evaluate reliability of reliability and evaluate as for as well materials 3D models for data distribution, development of development distribution, data 3D models for ing inspection and monitoring of coastal zone obtained through the developed technologies will technologies the developed obtained through and maintenance efficiency ofand maintenance efficiency airport infrastructure m ofm extending the service thelife and enhancing tenance/management on a 3D model. In cooperation model. In cooperation 3D on a tenance/management frastructure susceptible to frost damage, complexfrastructure damage, susceptible to frost fishing ports and agriculture) and technologies e for Land and Infrastructuree for (NILIM) Management e maintenance and service life prolongation ofand servicee maintenance life prolongation port
ection, maintenance and renewal. The aim is 20% and renewal. maintenance ection, y with small and low power consumption equipment that equipment that consumption power with small and low g o l o n h c e measures more effectively and efficiently. and efficiently. measures more effectively T d n progressusing control/inspection a
encies, NILIM has been developing technologies for the following: following: the for technologies has been developing NILIM encies, e c ficient maintenance of fa sewerage n e i r renewal/construction of r renewal/construction and maintenance enables which structures, c th the management level for bridges, civil engineering structures civil and bridges, for level management th the S e t o m o r P o t d e t n e m e l p m I s e r u s a
e M
I
I t MLIT and METI have promoted the development an the development promoted have METI and MLIT METI implemented the System Development Project to Solve Social Problems for Infrastructure for Social Problems to Solve Project System Development the METI implemented from processes construction all in d use production is ICT where i-Construction promoting is MLIT For promotion of promotion For Institut i-Construction, National Public Works Research Institute has been working on has been Institute Research Works Public conducted R&D in the materi NIMS has comprehensively MPAT has been working on: enhancement of enhancement on: working has been MPAT of functions by area Metropolitan airports in the Tokyo r a P management technologies. Utilization ofUtilization technologies. management data various maintenance to preventive maintenance. maintenance. to preventive maintenance corrective further from the shift accelerate infrastructure anti-disaster and implement The program develo includes and Renewal. Maintenance graspaccurate of of the conditions infrastructure period of a long for free is maintenance etc.). imaging, (sensors, time insp installation, to design, investigation/survey improvement of improvement FY2025. constructionby in sites productivity in order to ensure continued safe use offacilities, existing housing an is conducting the following research: development of research: development following the conducting is work for procedures/standard proposals structures; of utilization existing and; th buildings inspection, repair and advanced and renewal. efficient of cycle maintenance advanced) (efficient, effective and pavements existing structures (bridges, fo methods facilities); management long serviceaccordance wi in life harbors, rivers, and; cross-cutting (roads, tunnels, infrastructure supporting activities the economic/social cost. in lifecycle efficiency and reduction maintenance repairand upgrade to inspect, diagnose, infrastructure with other MLIT departmentswith other MLIT and ag road structureef maintenance; more ofand renewal maintenance for systematization in damages. other and deterioration ofconducting R&D pertaining to improvement safety technologyincluding runways; regard development of development ai with the structural new materials resistance ofearthquake the social infrastructure. “research on improvement of “research on improvement construction productivity central offor management main useful for information 100 Chapter 3 101
ugh more efficient and ugh more efficient ed cases and developing cases and developing ed ur maritime industry, MLIT ur maritime industry, ptly and flexibly responding to flexibly and ptly taking advantage of health/medical of health/medical advantage taking a roadmap for practical application practical application for a roadmap d Systems for Advanced Medical Advanced Medical d Systems for Project ion business promotion project project promotion business ion Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges ble society in response to super aging and aging response to super in society ble to enable exploration of to enable on needs based latent unications Technology (NICT) is conducting (NICT) Technology unications plans and technologies tailored to each challenge. challenge. to each tailored plans and technologies ductivity improvement thro ductivity improvement eering system chains and production process chains eering system chains and production nal competitiveness ofnal competitiveness o
machines and equipment. For small and medium small and medium equipment. For machines and METI has started to develop consultation centers to consultation has startedMETI to develop and operation by utilizing information communication communication utilizing information by and operation 18 and is implementing demonstration projects. projects. demonstration implementing is and 18 oductivity and create new added values. added values. new oductivity and create Grants for promoting the development of medical and health care care health and of medical development the promoting for Grants research network information medical and health nationwide a to related Project of Introduction and the Development Promote to Project Robotic Nursing Devices Care for modification of behavior Promotion information Development of Medical Devices an Services collaborat Medical-engineering of development The as the such responding to issues, social systems for of renewal and maintenance infrastructure (JECS) Study Children’s and Environment Japan ce and high-quality products prom products high-quality and ce ce is developing innovative production technologies including 3D 3D including technologies production innovative ce is developing data. The ministry data. also developed
and Science Promote Technology NEDO AMED AMED MHLW Implemented by by Implemented for Environmental for for Child Health and Child Health for 15 regions nationwide) 15 regions nationwide) Development/ regional regional Development/ centers in s (universities Studies/ National Center Studies/ National MOE/ National Institute Institute MOE/ National Major policies for the realization of the realization for Major policies sustaina / MOE METI MEXT Agency Agency MHLW Ministry/ Table 2-3-2 Table
creation and value in manufacturing competitiveness Improving The National Institute of Institute The National and Comm Information In order to provide high-performanprovide In order to Construction of to integrate engin platform a new pporting creation of METI platform, isInpporting the su an creation effort to develop advanc In order to maintain and strengthen the internatioand strengthen the In order to maintain population decline (FY2018) decline population ■ 3
has been supporting pro technology for development advanced stepsadvanced of shipbuilding ship development, and big including IoT technologies of of in June vessels navigating automatic 20 pioneering R&D on brain activity measuring technologypioneering R&D on brainactivity measuring brain information.
diverse user needs, the Cabinet Offi the Cabinet needs, user diverse B. Development of Development B. production technologies innovative 100 systems manufacturing (1) New A. Construction of chain system supply for a platform will promote data utilization, improve pr improve utilization, data will promote utilization, in data manufacturers challenges facing who propose improvement specialists train and dispatch compatible formats for sharing data of sharing data for formats compatible various Part II Part to Implemented Measures Chapter 3
I: 2 101 gy innovation to addressgy innovation cyberspace’ ‘We will get a a will get ‘We cyberspace’
chnology the rest of before the national resilience, as well as as well to resilience, national , theories, experiments, analyses analyses experiments, , theories, “to realize comprehensive security comprehensive “to realize and a high-quality, prosperous way prosperous way and a high-quality, Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges health for citizens. In addition, it is essential to is essential addition, it In citizens. health for ” The project aims to establish new energy-saving new ” establish to aims project The tive functions. Under this program, is NIMS that functions. tive and merging with data science. At the same time, At the same time, science. and merging with data ess ofess is the government industry, our materials ation and database compilation of compilation and database ation materials reliable ty confirmation, which a challenge for full-fledged full-fledged for a challenge which ty confirmation, ated Innovation Strategy states that ‘Amid the ever- Strategy‘Amid that states Innovation ated three-dimensional laminating molding technology molding laminating three-dimensional ty and security, “develop” “develop” to safety and security, e which contribute ve, under which computer and data sciences are used and data under which computer ve, and security situations and the occurrenceof and security situations crime, pment ofquality and conditions molding optimal ing on science and technolo ing on science ofMI the promoting is JST the hubs, innovation which include large-scale d activities which include large-scale socioeconomic the hub to gather human resources from industry, human resources from industry, the hub to gather
gnets, batteries and electric heat control. control. heat electric and batteries gnets, ttacks in such new zones as ttacks in such new y g o l o n h c e T d n a
e-added parts, etc. (increasing speed, precision, functions, etc.) taking etc.) functions, precision, speed, (increasing etc. parts, e-added academia for the system construction. the academia for e ty for our nation and its citizens our nation ty for innovation program. Under this program. Under innovation manufacturing ter technology-based c em by merging merging numerical em by simulation security environment,” in order in security environment,” at high speed and high accuracy. high and accuracy. speed high at n e rd disaster prevention, mitigation, and mitigation, rd disaster prevention, i c S e t o m o r P o t d e t n e m e Ensure Safety and Security for Our Nation and its Citizens Ensure Safety and Security for Our Nation and its Life and a High-quality, Prosperous Way of l p m I s e r u s a
e M
I
I t
In order to ensure safety and securi As part of program the support to establishment For strengthening ofFor international the competitiven METI is implementing the 3D prin the implementing METI is ofapplication practical and development for “the project implementing also METI is molding 3D printer r Section 2 a
P broad overview ofbroad overview “know” thos scientific technologies, Materials Research by Information Integration Information by Initiati Research Materials for the short-termfor of development with innova materials a central organization of a centralorganization as works study materials building database to advance and governments academia the JST is encouraging participation of participation encouraging the JST is of range broader a ofon implementation and working companies designs including groundbreaking material ma new increasing severity ofincreasing severity our country’s these issues. “Safety and Security”of “Safety section these issues. Integr the range a wide of against an people’s lives to threats natural disasters, international terror/crimesa and disasters, natural ofit is necessary life, to work towa and occupational environments living ensure comfortable safety deal with changes in the national appropriately terrorism, and cyber attacks. The government is work The government terrorism,attacks. and cyber B. Establishment of Establishment B. databases utilizing technologies development materials (2) Integrated materials development system system development (2) Integrated materials A. Construction of database materials reliable highly ee-dimensional laminating molding te molding usingmanufacturing processes laminating the three-dimensional experimentalworld through obtaining proof quali by molded objects. for assessment methods syst development a materials building consolid promoting is government The science. data and and government held in industry, data printers that process complex printers shapes that program, fundamental development is conducted for program,conducted for is fundamental development of manufacturing for suitable valu high ofadvantage is strong. Japan where and other technologies control machine materials, technology energy-saving process. manufacturing toward ofintroduction develo and through the technology, 102 Chapter 3 103
cilities in coastal areas. in coastal areas. cilities our superiority in theseour superiority products as weapons of weapons as products collect large amounts of collect raldisasters and ensuring business continuity, disaster continuity, business AT is conducting research on is AT to ensure health and safety of safety and health ensure to es and collaboration among industry, among industry, es collaboration and ad to creation ofad to creation value. new Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges ver information for evacuation behavior, (2) behavior, evacuation for information ver has been building an ultra-high density seismic building has been infall; “the creation of disaster-resistant towns,”of disaster-resistant infall; “the creation safety and reliability for fa for safety and reliability MPAT and other research institutions. Data on Data research institutions. and other MPAT gy to ensure the structural safety of development llowing: “measures for extremely severe disasters” “measures for extremely severe disasters” llowing: ed through this network, and details are published ed through this are published network, and details ion and performance degradationstructures in for r securing and maintaining maintaining r securing and e ofe and will be shared The data urban functions. i and high-tide observation technologies to improve to improve technologies i and high-tide observation onwide Ocean Wave Information Network for Ports Ports Network for Information onwide Ocean Wave of structures including non-structural components used by a large-scale earthquake, (3) measures against against (3) measures earthquake, a large-scale used by ugh such approaches for ensuring safety and security security and safety ensuring for approaches such ugh
hquake Testing Facility to Facility Testing hquake -private disaster response, response, disaster -private and damage ofand damage and prevent rise, tsunami and sea level ing used to manufacture such such to manufacture ing used mage/collapse due to natu mage/collapse tion after a major earthquake, MP a major earthquake, tion after s for renovation of renovation s for equipment, etc. itiatives ofitiatives ministri the relevant is working on technology development to reduce damage of to reduce damage is working on technology development flood academic sectors, which will le academic sectors, by sudden natural phenomenon, and reduce damage ofand reduce damage phenomenon, sudden natural by disaster snow/ice
. . 1 and Science Promote Technology on ofon ofuse appropriate risk for flood ri http://www.mlit.go.jp/kowan/nowphas/ http://www.mlit.go.jp/kowan/nowphas/ disaster Addressing natural Under Tokyo Metropolitan Resilience Project, MEXT Project, Resilience Metropolitan Under Tokyo MLIT has been developing and operating the Nati the operating and MLIT has been developing The Building Research Agency is conducting technolo Agency is conducting Research The Building NILIM has been conducting research including the fo research including been conducting NILIM has Public Works Research Institute Institute Research Works Public Towards early recovery and reconstruc recovery early Towards 1 forecasting earthquake- and tsunami-related deformat and tsunami-related earthquake- forecasting and the areas behind them, and on improved coastal areas 1 102 observation system in public-private collaboration by integrating seismic observation data held by held by data integratingby seismic observation collaboration public-private in system observation The ministry is also collecting others. and companies, private governments, local agencies, government concerningsensor information collapse margin the Full-Scale 3D using Earta by etc.) ceiling, (piping, (1) Improvement of(1) Improvement capabilities prevention maintenanc for etc. individuals, by actions prevention are collect observed across Japan levels and tidal waves
Part II Part to Implemented Measures through concerted in such technologies and industrial, public by analyzed with in mutual cooperation and Harbors (NOWPHAS) in real time website on MLIT’s including visualizati (1) ofincluding (4) development technique caused sediment disaster mitigate extremecaused by weather. ofprevention to contributing thus buildings, da method for advance estimation of estimation advance method for sediment disaster ca due to sudden torrentialra landslides and urban flooding of and; (5) advancement in shelters, evacuees tsunam the safety of harbor areas. extreme become in recent years have disasters that continued use of buildings. diverse data that will contribute to integrated to will contribute public that data diverse academia and government, “keep” such technologies fo such technologies “keep” government, and academia areas and for preventing such technologies from be from technologies such preventing and for areas thro mass destruction“utilize” and gained the results via social implementation.’ implementation.’ social via Chapter 3
103 Seafloor observation network network observation Seafloor Dense Oceanfloor Network Network Oceanfloor Dense
/ / )
) S-net Chapter 3 Addressing 3 Chapter Economic and Social Challenges ( Source: MEXT Source: MEXT Figure 2-3-4 Figure Figure 2-3-3 Figure
DONET ■ Japan the along tsunamis and earthquakes for Trench ■ Tsunamis and Earthquakes for System ( mic observation in the hypocentral regionmic observation of the
g its long-term evaluation and publication methods methods publication and long-termits g evaluation y g o l o n h c e T d n a e c us damage caused by the tsunami of caused by us damage off2011 the coast of the Pacific n e i c S e t o ltiple adjacent source ltiple adjacent source m o r P
ting evaluation of tsunamis caused byting evaluation Earthquake Headquarters is also implemen o t d e t n e m e l p m I s e r u s a e M
I
I t After the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, Earthquake, Hanshin-Awaji After the Great MEXT has conducted investigation and research and research investigation MEXT has conducted Considering that the long-term evaluations of long-termthe evaluations that Considering Under the Headquarters for Earthquake Research HeadquartersUnder the Research Earthquake for r a P comprehensive earthquake observation networks observation earthquake comprehensive sea-area Although several land areas. in built were there are far built, been networks have observation in than in these networks points observation fewer Accordingly, networks. observation land-based Network floor Ocean Dense the operating is MEXT (DONET) and Tsunamis Earthquakes system for that network equipped with is a submarine dense real-time seis for gauges seismometers and hydraulic quakes which may cause cause may which earthquakes potential into under theeconomic damage and tremendous social Disaster Compound for Project Research Great Earthquakes the and Tsunamis on Mitigation Nankai for Region Trough Nankai the around for Project the In earthquakes. Trough in the and Tsunamis of Earthquakes Investigations Sea of Japan, controlled-source surveyingand conducted were deposits of tsunami investigations earthquake source faultto advance research on an tsunami source model that would bemodel and a coast. its and Japan of Sea the to applicable various earthquakes. various the probability and scale of the probability conducted earthquakes Headquarters Earthquake the did by cover not with mu earthquakes massive regions such as the 2011 off coast of the Pacific also in light of and Earthquake, Tohoku the active by caused was that Earthquake Kumamoto Headquarters has been reviewin the Earthquake faults, In light ofsequentially. tremendo the Tohoku Earthquake, the Promotion (Director: the Minister of the Minister (Director: Promotion MEXT; Headquarters),Earthquake Hereinafter: are and universities agencies administrative on seismological close cooperation in working research. and investigations (2) Improvement of(2) Improvement capability predictive 104 Chapter 3 105
.
(Figure 2-3-5) (Figure . prevention problems, NIED problems, prevention (Figure 2-3-4)
Monitoring of on Land Waves / Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges Source: MEXT integratedofresearch prediction “observation, Figure 2-3-5 Figure
ated to directly detect earthquake and tsunami to tsunami and earthquake detect directly to ated fields including geochemistry to the in response ■ (MOWLAS) Seafloor and
solve regional disaster solve regional disaster damage caused by natural disasters natural by including caused snow damage
prediction based on stormmulti- damage and flood me a consortium for human resource development in human resource development me a consortium for new snow cover sensors and installing them in stores cover snow new Seafloor Observation Network for Earthquakes and Earthquakes for Network Observation Seafloor . Furthermore, offof Coast Pacific the large where Tohoku d sediment disaster and installed them in model areas. It also started started It also areas. model installed them in and sediment disaster d rmore, toward creation of creation rmore,toward disaster and technology science for new prevention” with the goal of goal with the prevention” hazards weather mitigating/preventing is an earthquake, (Figure 2-3-3) (Figure Promote Science and Technology In addition, NIED is also conducting research on conducting research also NIED is In addition, National Research Institute for Earth for Institute and Science Research National In the field of volcanology, the FY2016 Integrated Program for Next Generation Volcano Research and In the field of Research Integratedthe FY2016 ProgramVolcano Next for Generation volcanology, sensing and research contributing to reduction ofsensing and research contributing Furthe disaster and coastal disaster. of formation advancing NIED is prevention, reduction of active realize to hub innovation “an weather disaster aggressive hazards toward with collaboration in One examplean initiative is industry. effects ripple for positive and generating of securing combine to companies store convenience of time the at distribution goods and snow heavy of mitigation developing disastersice and by snow prediction. In order to cover high-precision snow for and measures” in coordination and jointly with other with jointly and measures”and coordination in eruption of At the same ti in 2014. Mt. Ontakesan providing The consortiumbeen has among universities. was formed cooperation to strengthen volcanology cutting- to programs linked education systematic research. edge volcano observing (NIED) is various Disaster Resilience tremors tremorsimperceptible ranging feeble from strong tremors to causing big to the human body and high-performance 1,900 about using by damage the entire high-precision seismometers covering It operates ofland area and densely. evenly Japan in sea tsunami meters and about 200 seismometers Monitoring of operation full-scale started and area in (MOWLAS) Seafloor and Land on Waves of November 2017. MOWLAS network tsunami covering observation and volcano the Japan, including of all land and sea areas network (V-net) observation volcano fundamental NIED is advancing in Japan. volcanoes 16 for of implementation research and real-time ofprediction as well as tsunami and earthquake of and prediction observation to data observation provided has and MOWLAS using by activities volcanic of use promoted also NIED companies Agency. Meteorological railway by Japan data the damage an developed censors for snow cooperation in technology using IoT information provide and data to collect experiment a demonstration Human Resource Development was launched to promote to promote was launched Development Human Resource 104 contribute to accurate and prompt communication of and prompt communication accurate to contribute disaster information aftershocks and tsunamis are likely to occur, the occur, to aftershocks likely are tsunamis and oper been has (S-net) Trench Japan the along Tsunamis Part II Part to Implemented Measures Nankai Earthquake assumed Chapter 3
105 with a verywide ously has been developed developed been has ously ed waves) ed waves) ties were observed to the public in October in public the to , using the results for disaster disaster for , using the results Iodake), AIST conducted field Iodake), volcanic activity assessment and assessment and activity volcanic vities, AIST conducted geological AIST conducted geological vities, tsunamis, and tsunami forecasting and tsunami forecasting tsunamis, ures were added to the database. For ures were added to the database. For Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges
th MEXT is collecting, processing and analyzing analyzing and processing is collecting, th MEXT s where eruption activi quakes, AIST continued to operate its integrated AIST operate continued to quakes, prevention/mitigation, the National Institute of Institute National the prevention/mitigation, r further sophistication in cooperation with NIED. with NIED. in cooperation r further sophistication nducts deposit surveys of and tsunami faults active d reduce cost of strain meters and methods to use ccuracy of prediction based on the tsunami height April 2016. For earthquake early warning, JMA early earthquake April 2016. For groundwater levels (water pressures), groundwater (water levels groundwater ts. The investigation and analysis results were used used were analysis results investigation and The ts. der to increase precision ofprecision to increase der equipment, observation developed the Automatic Hypocenter Determination Determination Hypocenter Automatic developed the anoes, and publishes the resultsof and publishes anoes, In these surveys. of crustal monitoring and analyzing for technologies sunami deposits was released was released sunami deposits duced in December 2016 and March 2018 respectively. 2018 respectively. March 2016 and duced in December
e Earthquake Research Committee Headquarters for Research Earthquake e riate estimation of estimation riate seismic intensity of large-scale earthquakes help understand the ongoing eruption activities and activities eruption understand the ongoing help y g o l e two types waves of radio (horizontally and vertically polariz in preparation for future multi-segment earthquakes and and multi-segment future preparation earthquakes for in o n
ion system in the Tokyo metropolitan area. area. metropolitan Tokyo in the system ion h 3 ) in March 2019. ) in March c seismic centers even when multiple earthquakes occurred simultane when multipleseismic earthquakes centers even 4 e T d n a
a monitoring method to advance a monitoring method to advance e ute (MRI) researches the following topics: the development of topics: the development following the researches ute (MRI) real- ntinuous observation of lightening lightening of observation continuous data, is conducting NIED etc., has been widely recognized after the off the after recognized widely been has of Coast Pacific the Tohoku data; technologies for seismic intensity estimation that help improve improve help that estimation intensity seismic for technologies data; c rs. For promotion of R&D on lightening risk prediction based on on based prediction risk lightening on of R&D rs. For promotion n/research network for earthquake for n/research network
tion and the historytion of acti fault n 1 d Kirishimayama (Shinmoedake / d Kirishimayama e i earthquake to mitigate damage by damage to mitigate earthquake n c
S a e t a o m m o i j r ain). AIST’s database on t on database AIST’s ain). a P
r and PLUM method PLUM and o t u
2 k d e a t S n e
, m e a l p m i m j I
u s e b r a u r s a e e o M
n i
in cooperation with the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University. University. Kyoto Institute, Research the with Prevention Disaster cooperation in area of strong vibration initial sea-Surface for Height based on Inversion tsunami Forecasting I h
I
c t To collect geological information useful for disaster useful for information collect geological To The Meteorological Research Instit Research Meteorological The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) in cooperation wi cooperation (JMA) in Agency Meteorological Japan r u a approp MethodMotion method. for Undamped Local of Propagation of estimation accurate Integrated Particle Filter method for Multi-parameter radar that cansimultaneously transmit / receiv P Method (PF method) and introduced theMethod (PF method) in method Earthquake Research Promotion and others. JMA also others. and Promotion Research Earthquake IPF method developed prevention information, and providing them to th and providing information, prevention 3 massive earthquakes for which the risk the which for earthquakes massive been intro have methods IPF and PLUM Earthquake. thei for technology advancing also is JMA development (tFISH waveform observed tsunami offshore Against tsunami, JMA introduced a method for high-a tsunami, JMA introduced a method for Against 2 1 Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) co Science Industrial Technology and Advanced surveyssediment, conducts geological ofvolc active the fault distribu order to elucidate based on offshore tsunami monitoring the accuracy of warnings;early research earthquake accuracy the ofimprove help that movements grasping of the along plates between in fixation changes of and development Nankai Trough, prediction. time scale estimation oftime scale estimation tsunami/ with local stakeholders and produce stakeholders and with local comparative analysis MP analysis with radar comparative using a lightening discharge path 3D observat path discharge using a lightening ofdata observatio the fundamental 4 surveysof and one coastal Line and Hinagu) Tectonic -Shizuoka (Shibetsu, Itoigawa zones fault land three Pl zone fault zone (Tokachi prefect Kochi partial areas in Aomori and in the Data collected 2015. short-term predictions of Earth Great Nankai Trough measure points to constantly groundwater observation In or crustal strainswaves. and seismic temperatures, AIST started development ofAIST started development an methods to downsize the volcanoe Concerning existing unused wells. for material studies scientific that are expected to investigations and observed/analyzed volcanic produc volcanic observed/analyzed investigations and in these activities. predict changes K 106 Chapter 3 107 .
4 a few millimeters. of earth’s surface. lient information system observation at electronic electronic at observation 1 ed data ofed data ministries and relevant iction, prevention and response as ) and through SAR Interferometry) and through SAR t an information system to support to system information t an 3 prevention/mitigation) that started in that prevention/mitigation)
mes of disaster. Having learned of disaster. Having mes lessons Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges department of provided Office) the Cabinet cial implementation that maximize the latest the latest maximize that cial implementation (disaster grasp changes in the fixation ofgrasp fixation in the changes boundaries plate tructingdisaster resi a ram of “Enhancement against Resiliency Societal
important for assessment ofimportant assessment for of linkage the Tokai, real-time using devices for long-term observation long-termobservation for using devices real-time provement of the disaster prevention/mitigation prevention/mitigation of the disaster provement itute of Prefecture and the Earthquake Kanagawa search results, such as a communication system that system that such as a communication search results, ncing surveys of submarine topography and active er weather information from satellites and collection satellites from information er weather a areas with high urgency and importance with focus importance focus with and urgency high with areas a
U" and DONET. JAMSTEC is also conducting high- also conducting is JAMSTEC U" and DONET. d around volcanoes has been implemented through been implemented has volcanoes d around ilizes radio waves from deep space as far as billions of light years away for precisely sands away of kilometers from each other within a tolerance of vernmentsofcase in disaster. large-scale a rate crustal movement and tsunami simulations. and tsunami simulations. crustal movement rate ne Interferometry(VLBI satellite for obtaining information about the evolution and state obtaining evolution the about information for satellite ICT for improving the disaster-resistance of information and and information of disaster-resistance the improving for ICT for sophistication of disaster pred is system to integrate disaster-relat rthquake and Torrential Rain in July 2018, the Information Support Information the 2018, July in Rain and Torrential rthquake At theAt time of in northern the earthquake the part of Osaka prefecture A more realistic model will be built by incorporating the survey and theincorporating survey by A more realisticbuilt will model be T and big data in order to construcin order big data T and ion results from time to time. from time to time. ion results
d for collecting data on damage at ti d for collecting data on damage and Science Promote Technology rence stations across the country as of the end of March 2019. , through through , Very-Long-Baseli 2 : a trial initiative of : a trial initiative prevention the disaster 5 Global Navigation Satellite System System Satellite Global Navigation refe There were 1,300 electronic Synthetic Aperture Radar: a technique for using an artificialSynthetic Aperture a technique for Radar: Very Long Baseline Interferometry:Very advanced Baseline an Long ut technique that measuring the distance between two radio telescopes situated thou Information SUpport Team Team SUpport Information MIC has been conducting R&D on MIC has Quasi-zenith satellite system Michibiki startedsatellite Quasi-zenith 2018. 1, service The service on November consists of The Cabinet Office promoted R&D under the SIP Prog The Cabinet Geospatial Information Authority of Authority Information observation the for Geospatial technologies R&D on in engages (GSI) Japan JAMSTEC is developing and deploying technologies to to and deploying technologies developing is JAMSTEC rvations of observations Coast Guard (JCG) has been advancing The Japan on the sea floor crustal movements reference stations disaster response support using th by 1 2 106 of of safety information etc. in shelters, evacuees facilities, an communications technologies including satellites, Io including satellites, technologies the centralmaking by and municipal go decision Natural Disasters (FY2014-2018)” with the aim of the aim with (FY2014-2018)” Disasters Natural cons of “Strengthening SIP In agencies. Resilience National so R&D and is promoting Office the Cabinet FY2018, reportingdisaster crisis management disast to provide applied its re has vigorously MIC from these problems, Tonankai and Nankai earthquakes. earthquakes. Nankai and Tonankai accu more to results to contribute observation of(3) Improvement capabilities response on segment borders of are Trough, which Nankai the of and analysis GNSS through continuous movements crustal and plate through development of technologies them for im well as information sharing, and using of relevant organizations. capability Easternin 2018, Hokkaido ea Iburi (ISUT Team Part II Part to Implemented Measures in and regions hypocentral continuously above directly ofin boreholes "CHIKY the deep sea drilling vessel accuracy survey of structure ofsub-seafloor the the se Detailed monitoring ofDetailed an in crustal movements integrated of analysis around volcanoes and collected in been which have data, observation GNSS volcanic Inst Research Hot Springs the AIST, JMA, NIED, by Research Institute of Research of the University Tokyo. means of by as adva well as GNSS and echo ranging, observat faults and announcing the 4 3 5 Chapter 3
107 ty composite materials. ty composite materials. disaster information sharing and and sharing information disaster d an extraordinaryin observation ces (e.g. water reactive substance, substance, reactive water ces (e.g. Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges eruption products on the sites and published the eruptionproducts on the sites and published will be able to collect information and discharge and to collect information able will be tial information technology and ICT, as well as as well as technology ICT, and information tial optimization of optimization R&D on operation, ambulance s after a large-scale disaster to support rescue of to disaster s after a large-scale October 2018, NIED analyzed the earthquake earthquake the analyzed NIED 2018, October arch on high-mobility powered suits that enables enables suits that powered arch on high-mobility e scale of of etc. oil type, fire, (3) More oil tank; at energy These at industrial infrastructure or sites. to differences in undergroundto differences (2) structure, etc.); hquake damage to oil tank (identification of oil tank (identification to damage hquake stems to share and utilize information ofand utilize information share stems to various kely to cause damage to the oil tank body, influence influence to the oil tank body, damage cause to kely a, Ehime and other prefectures in July 2018, NIED 2018, a, Ehime and other prefectures in July ED has been conducting research for establishment ED has been d providing information for public disaster response response disaster public for information d providing saster (NRIFD) has advanced R&D on a fire-fighting R&D on a fire-fighting saster (NRIFD) has advanced only to robots. The institute completed a firefightingcompleted The institute to robots. only light-weight and high-intensi the NRIFD is conducting R&D of conducting is NRIFD the the following ation Platform for Disaster Management (SIP4D) and and (SIP4D) Disaster Management for Platform ation
ofand its website on ensembles the cumulonimbus ion sharing and utilization through SIP4D and NIED- ion sharing and utilization through SIP4D igi in March 2017. NIED 2017. of Tochigi in March ccurred in Nasu town y gency restoration of restoration gency and movable (a communications g o l o n h c e T to prevent accidents in the future. future. in the to prevent accidents d n a e observation facilities and conducte facilities observation heat accumulation) stored or handled in petrochemical complexes) petrochemical handled in stored or accumulation) heat a (Mt. Iou) in April 2018, Mt. Kirishima (Shinnen Dake) in June 2018 inIou) April in June 2018,a (Mt. Kirishima Mt. (Shinnen Dake) c n highly reactive chemical substan chemical reactive highly CRS), which are results ofCRS), which R&D on e cyclone off the south coast of Japan was a major factor of the avalanche avalanche factor of the major a Japan was of south coast off the cyclone mmunities in Japan and worldwide. worldwide. and in Japan mmunities i gnated public institution. NIED conducted investigation and analysis to analysis and investigation conducted NIED institution. public gnated c S e t o m o r P o t d e t n e m e l p m I s e r u s a
e M
I
I t Furthermore, the NRIFD is conducting research on FDMA’s National Research Institute of Research National FDMA’s Fire and Di NIED conducts research on the development of the development research on NIED conducts sy rain in Hiroshima, Okayam In response to the heavy in Eastern Hokkaido the After Earthquake Iburi NIED analyzed the observation results of results observation the analyzed NIED northern the in occurred that part of earthquake the Osaka The Ministry of Defense (MOD) is conducting rese After the eruptionsof Kirishim Mt. r a P substance prone to ignition caused by substance prone to ignition caused while firefighting. and safety management suitable assessment of suitable fire risk of Powerful foam extinguishing foam technology tailored to th Powerful robots feature sophisticated autonomy based on geospa autonomy sophisticated robots feature of long-period ground tanks due on individual motion robot system for deployment in the event of deployment in the event for robot system disasters they Thus, among the robots. and coordination cooperation are accessible sites that disaster at water fire-fighting field deployment. In addition, robot system for (1) high-accuracy prediction oftechnologies: eart characteristics of short-period groundis li motion that of an emergency bridge foundation technology using using technology foundation bridge of an emergency deployable ICT resource unit) in co unit) in ICT resource deployable and hasthem been an demonstrating disasters, natural and utilization. sharing to supportinformation dissemination, the result ofpublished analysis conformational and NIED-CRS. SIP4D through and utilization sharing supported information teams, NI victims and rapid deployment of restoration can be carried in disaster-stricken areas for emer for areas can be carried in disaster-stricken based on its responsibility as a desi its responsibility as on based o that of the avalanche disaster determine the cause caused by a found out that snowfall and avalanches on snow and held seminars Informused the Sharing 2018 and prefecture in June (NIED- Site Response NIED Crisis restored damaged results, observation through NIED-CRS. results ground load on personnel. while on uneven reducing weight In order to action and travel agile quick and bridge damaged means for alternative an quickly secure the aftershock informat area. NIED also supported CRS. 2018, NIED surveyed in August and Kuchino-Erabushima 108 Chapter 3 109
4 etc. in in etc. , , 1 local governments local governments possible river flooding. flooding. river possible ting field demonstration ting field demonstration ng technologies: disaster- ng technologies: IFD is conducting R&D on IFD is conducting e-scale earthquake through of of the state using disaster
ntage of small on-airplane SAR on-airplane of small ntage earthquake. In the airport sector, In the airport sector, earthquake. and other satellites (See Chapter 3 (See Chapter 3 and other satellites ) 5 Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges an airborne polarimetric and interferometric in its “disaster prevention, mitigation and risk mitigation in its “disaster prevention, tions oftions of urban fire spread, elucidation the cipality, NICT is conduc NICT cipality, piled up all over the place in order to improve to improve the place in order all over piled up spection and restoration ofand restoration spection after airport pavement road obstacles, restoration of infrastructure, TEC- road obstacles, or earthquake that hits the Tokyo area directly, the area directly, Tokyo hits the that or earthquake mizing damage ofmizing damage to structures a major earthquake ll allow local wireless networking even when the when the even wireless networking local allow ll reless relay technology that uses aerial drones as technology as drones uses aerial relay that reless chnologies to support risk management of management support to risk chnologies water or, NILIM is conducting research on methods for for NILIM is conducting research on methods or, also developing the followi also developing ntrol measures of maximum vities. In addition, the NR In vities.
itial response after a larg research into anti-disaster measures for landslide and landslide and for research into anti-disaster measures formation taken from the air obtained by UAV by from the air obtained taken formation 2) that can observe the ground surface in disaster-stricken areas observe can the ground2) that disaster-stricken in surface y after the disaster taking adva y after the disaster taking 2 ous disasters monitoring and grasping port facilities after a large-scale igate the cause of the cause igate prevention fire effective to take a fire in order w stage ofw stage and regionalas concentrated heavy such changes, climatic organized by MLIT in FY2008 for survey of damage and technical support for afflicted
ofale large-sc ofspread In preparation for disaster. area, fire in built-up rving Satellite DAICHI (ALOS-2 rving Satellite DAICHI
and Science Promote Technology other activities immediatel and 3 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Inferometric AirbornePolarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar at the time of a large-scale natural disaster. NILIM included disaster prevention and mitigation and mitigation disaster prevention NILIM included to vari has been contributing JAXA NICT has been promoting R&D on sophistication of R&D on sophistication promoting NICT has been te Institute is developing Research Works Public Land Observing Advanced Satellite-2 Technical Emergency Control Force: A team Synthetic Aperture Radar Section 4). development of technologies that support elimination of of technologies that support elimination development FORCE NILIM also conducts research on acceleration of in of NILIM also conducts research on acceleration 1 2 3 108 4 5 management” issues to cope with a ne a with cope to issues management” and is conducting rainfall rise in recent days on the rain, and co regionalheavy caused by urban flooding Obse Land the second Advanced disasters in Japan and abroad, and technologies for mini for and technologies and abroad, disasters in Japan restoration. and their early synthetic aperture radar system (Pi-SAR the port sect and sensors. For cameras and existing in speedy for NILIM is conducting research on methods disaster. earthquake an Part II Part to Implemented Measures in using image rescue technologies search and of estimation immediate to damage communication infrastructure is devastated, and a wi infrastructurecommunication is devastated, resistant wireless mesh network technologies that wi that technologies network mesh wireless resistant the muni with Together towers. virtual communication as needed, regardless ofas needed, regardless NICT is conditions. weather segment disaster sites and a method to remove debris segmenta method to remove sites and disaster time the at capabilities firefighting thrust mega is feared after a Nankai earthquake which simula advance R&D to been conducting NRIFD has phenomena of of expand utilization sparks that damage, and flying fire whirlwinds for results the and firefighting acti residents guidance for evacuation improvement ofimprovement to invest capability building. from a evacuation R&D on effective and also launched measures, experiments of these technologies. Chapter 3
109 Compensation to ensure es, greenhouse horticulture, hed empirical research sites for for sites hed empirical research shelters or to give up business shelters or to give up ng as quickly as possible. To this this To possible. as ng as quickly technologies and promoting the technologies farming and fishery villages, and at at and farming and fisheryvillages, Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges rical research sites for fishery in Iwate, Miyagi Miyagi fisheryrical research sites for Iwate, in mage (Act No. 147 of 147 No. (Act mage persons protect to is 1961) ure and forestry area of robots in the Hamadori ceeds the financial security amount, as well as well security amount, as ceeds the financial Marine Science Center in collaboration with Center in collaboration Marine Science ry and fisheries using high first technologies in to the conditions of to the conditions prefectures. the respective draft a local fishery plan and to select the locations draftfishery a local and to select the locations plan the Great East Japan Earthquake in the afflicted in the afflicted Earthquake East Japan the Great and Daini Nuclear Power Stations (hereinafter: the Stations (hereinafter: and Daini Nuclear Power m, which was damaged by tsunamis on the Pacific Pacific on the tsunamis by was damaged m, which Coast Framework, MAFF has been supporting been has MAFF Framework, Coast the accident based on the Act on Compensation for for the accident based on the Act on Compensation mmittee for Nuclear Damage Compensation. The The Compensation. Nuclear Damage for mmittee clear damage on the nuclear operators and places places and operators nuclear the on damage clear ovision ofovision and nuclear operators by security financial ittee for Nuclear Damage ittee for Nuclear to ensure prompt payment ofto ensure prompt payment the by compensation s been conducting surveys other research on the and s processing, etc.) are conducted in cooperation with with in cooperation etc.) are conducted processing, implementation centers in Miyagi and Fukushima and centers Miyagi in implementation (crop rotation in rice paddi y ntial that these victims receive compensation promptly, promptly, receive compensation victims that these ntial g o l o n h c e T d n a
restry and fishery, which are the main industries in the areas affected industries in the main are the which restry and fishery, e nuclear disaster. The aim of The aim disaster. e nuclear is to reconstructproject these the been forced to live in evacuation in live to forced been e c they may return to safe, secure livi secure safe, to return may they to contribute to the sound development ofthe sound development to contribute to the nuclear industry by ts. In doing so, MAFF has establis In doing so, ts. n rding compensation in case ofrding compensation reactor by caused nuclear damage arch by applying cutting-edge applying arch by e i c S e restoration and reconstruction ofe restoration e t o m o r P o t d e t n e m e l p m I s e r u s a
e M
I
I t regions Aiming at revitalizing agriculture, revitalizing Aiming at fo The purposeof Nuclear Da for Compensation the Act on Daiichi Fukushima TEPCO accident at the Since the Toward realization of realization Toward Innovation the Fukushima For the restoration of the restoration For offshore marine ecosyste the MEXT instituted the Dispute Reconciliation Co institutedMEXT the Dispute Reconciliation r a P Fukushima Prefecture damaged by th by damaged Fukushima Prefecture agriculture,implementing advanced forest industries by without fault on them. In order unlimited liability of an obligation act provides the nuclear operators, pr Comm Reconciliation of the Dispute establishment so that appropriately, and equitably development and demonstration ofand demonstration development cutting-edgeagricult Japan. th accelerating at the disaster, by damage nuclear for compensation Efforts on B. suffering from and damage nuclear the basic system rega establishing nu for liability concentrates act The etc. operation ex damage nuclear when the government from the aid of payment smooth and appropriate damages. accident), a number of residents have and sales. It is esse activities such as manufacturing of fish farms. coast of Tohoku the established MEXT has Tohoku, ha The center ministries. national municipalities and to used been have results The ecosystem. marine offshore A. Industrial recovery from, and reconstruction and from, after, recovery Industrial A. (4) Response to the Great East Japan Earthquake and reconstruction/rebirthand Earthquake Japan East to the Great (4) Response fishing-boat fisheries and fish culture, release and farmers and fishermen in the affected area and according dissemination ofdissemination the research resul fostering new types of types new fostering high growth agriculture, forestry MAFF has been potential, and fishery have that rese conducting on-site empirical end, various measures have been taken for victims of for been taken measures have end, various Nuclear Damage. agriculture in Iwate and Fukushima prefectures and empi agriculture and Fukushima in Iwate and Miyagi prefectures, while setting up social while setting up social prefectures, and Miyagi empirical studies distinctive Specifically, prefectures. 110 Chapter 3 111
classified with certainwith classified l Business Plan in May May Business Plan in l cable disease control and cable nt. The government has has The government nt. has been reviewing these reviewing has been review ofreview the compensation spute Resolution Center has been has Center Resolution spute ing its operations and increasing ing its and increasing operations stem to lend funds for provisional provisional stem to lend funds for sses in order to ensure the stable to ensure the stable sses in order to reduce damage to agriculturalto reduce damage the modern Japanese diet, MEXT the modern Japanese logy (Reconstruction Special Special (Reconstruction logy Project Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges on System (set up in May 2015)of May in (set upon System Atomic the on from the earthquake disaster (FY2018) on from the earthquake Composition, which lists the composition of composition which lists the Composition, the e damaged items that can be can items that e damaged Compensation System” in October 2018. Based on 2018. October in System” Compensation ng the risk of ng the risk spreading of diseases livestock major governmental and ministerial ordinances are under and ministerial ordinances governmental t oft and it local opinions, Japan 2015 (seventh revised edition) Supplementary revised 2015 (seventh Japan endment includes: (1) mandatory development and development endment includes: (1) mandatory escription pertainingescription use of to settlement mediation r its streamlined manageme
made mention of made mention appropriate and prompt providing of (Act Nuclear Damage for the Act on Compensation ning to conclusion ofagreements indemnity for new d New Comprehensive Specia Comprehensive d New ducts; more effective communi ducts; more effective Nuclear Damage Compensation and Decommissioning Decommissioning and Compensation Nuclear Damage table lists a greater variety ofgreater lists a variety table foods. vironments, and occupational health and occupational vironments, Scheme to Revitalize Agriculture the in and Disaster Fisheries Area by Deploying Highly Advanced Techno Account) onomic losses, and; pest control onomic losses, distribution proce and processing distribution mpensation; (2) establishment of (2) establishment mpensation; a sy the Nuclear Damage Compensation Di Compensation Damage the Nuclear ative dispute resolutions while improv while ative dispute resolutions been required to address the needs of ducted a series of Office conducted a series e Cabinet studies on and Science Promote Technology Implemented by Implemented by Reconstruction Agency Reconstruction Major projects for recovery and reconstructi recovery Major projects for / Agency Agency Agency Ministry/ Reconstruction Reconstruction Table 2-3-6 Table
en living safety, food Ensuring MAFF is working on development of development on working is MAFF hazardous chemicals reducing the risk posed by for technologies MEXT publishes the Japanese Standard Tables of Standard Tables the Japanese MEXT publishes Food
The Advisory Committee on Nuclear Damage Compensati The Advisory Nuclear Damage on Committee ■ 2
development of development aim of with the testing methods, loweri and accordingly reducing farmers’ reducing ec and accordingly compiled “the Standard Tables of Tables Standard “the compiled in Composition Food ofsupply safe agricultural, and marine pro livestock products. 110 edition 2018” in December 2018. The new edition 2018” 2018. in The new December during the production, and microbes security safety and (1) Ensuring food pooling had As data diet. Japanese Part II Part to Implemented Measures th indicate to guidelines formulating been has committee criteria and the extent the and criteria of inpu the with compensation, guidelines as needed. guidelines Furthermore, payment; (3) special provisions for interruption for of provisions special (3) payment; pr procedures, and; (4) extension ofprocedures, time limits pertai of compensation necessary Currently nuclear damage. 1, 2020. on January full-scale enforcement toward development 2017 (several changes were approved later,) which later,) approved were changes (several 2017 and fo TEPCO by nuclear damage for compensation through the assistance to TEPCO been providing Facilitation Corporation for providing compensation smoothly. smoothly. compensation providing for Corporation Facilitation conducting reconciliation of altern of conducting reconciliation Energy Commissionunder th disclosure of co damage a policy for system and compiled “Revision ofsystem and compiled “Revision the Nuclear Damage the Act to Amend Part the committee, the studies at The am enacted. was 12, 2018) on December No.90 in personnel. The government approved the the revise approved The government personnel. in Chapter 3
111 others) . as in as in Fukushima ushima Prefecture Prefecture ushima als ent of the air dose rate at dose ent of the air As of 2019 February to ingestion of contaminated foods ment; ment; sis Management), Minister’s tion tion plants water raw or intake from llution by Radioactive Materi (Figure 2-3-7) (Figure (MOE, Fukushima Fukushima (MOE, prefecture, local effect effect on natural ecosystems rategy the by (adopted *Monitoring *Monitoring system of ministries to according Comprehensive the Plan Monitoring (MLIT. Fukushima Prefecture, local governments and (MAFF. Forestry Agency, local governments) Measures for Environmental Po (Nuclear Regulation Authority MEXT, and Fukushima Measurement of actual exposure dose due afety and security, coordinate the radiation the coordinate and security, afety ･ ffluent ffluent from waste disposal and treatment and facilities measurem bstances in pure water from purifica from water pure in bstances Guard; Director General, Environmental Management Guard; Director General, Bureau, substances in water in outdoor pools in outdoor substances in water ora, wastes and soil removed ation ation Bureau, CouncillorMEXT; (Cri eputy Director-General, Fisheries Agency; Deputy Vice-Minister for Deputy Director-General, Fisheries Agency; eputy local governments and others) ial Measures in relation to ties found necessary by the chair ve substances in foods substances ve (MHLW, Nuclear EmergencyHeadquarters, Response and governments local Chapter 3 Addressing 3 Chapter Economic and Social Challenges (MHLW, NuclearHeadquarters, Emergency Response MAFF, Fisheries Agency, nned and planned sure aim of the implementation with of radiation monitoring. by the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Nuclear Daiichi Fukushima the at accident the by in soil in termsin of radioactive analyzing nuclides, ; Vice Japan Coast Commandant, Concentration measurement measurement Concentration of radioactive su Understanding of alteration in concentration of radioactive substances and clarification of the transfer characteristics in Fuk in characteristics transfer the clarification of and substances radioactive of concentration in alteration of Understanding are test in others and wood forests bark, leaves, branches, soil, forest in substances radioactive of measurement Concentration prefectures by pasture in substances radioactive of measurement Concentration Prefecture. Fukushima in reservoirs in substances radioactive of measurement Concentration Concentration measurement of radioacti governments, business operators and others) Monitoring of schools and nursery centers Monitoringnursery of schools and Prefecture and others) ・Internet publication measurementof results of air dose ratein atetc. schools, Fukushima Prefecture measurement ・Concentration of radioactive of lunches radioactive ・Check in substances school concentration etc. sewageseaports, parks, airports,Monitoring of sludge sewage in substances radioactive of measurement ・Concentration ・Measurement airof dose rate at seaports,airports, urban parks, etc. fl and Monitoring fauna wild of ・Collection of radiation of analysis fauna and flora wild and to to contribute understanding ・Concentration measurement final in substances e of radioactive site boundary to pursuant the Act on Spec and pastures soil, Monitoringforests farmof ･ and others. ･ Prefecture ･ ･ Monitoring of tap water others) ･ Prefecture Fukushima in sources water by water tap in and prefectures by sources Monitoring foods of Fukushima Prefecture, relevant ･ clear operators and other par other clear operators and
omprehensive Monitoring St omprehensive eries Research Council, MAFF; D the Environment Environment Parliamentary the or Environ Vice-Minister of the y g ea o l o n h c e (Nuclear T d ementation by ministriesby ementation in accordance with the Comprehensive implementation implementation of “detailed monitoring” for public health, s vernments vernments and operators business n a e cal governments, relevant nu c ral, Agency Japan Meteorological n e e Agriculture, FishForestry and i (Nuclear Regulation Authority, Implementation ofImplementation monitoring radiation c radioactive substances radioactive substances in prefectures the MLIT, MAFF, Japan Coast Guard, S e t o m precipitation composition (dust (dust precipitation composition in rain air), a the once or o r ponse Headquarters, Fukushima Prefecture, P reau, Agency; DirectorNational Police General the ofElementary and Secondary Educ
above are collectively published published collectively via are the above portal o t
Joint Staff, MOD; relevant lo d e t n gy e m (Nuclear Regulation Authority, e l Monitoring system Monitoring system impl p / Secretary General: General: Secretary Secretary-General of the Nuclear Secretariat Regulation of the Authority Chair: Minister of the Environment; State Minister of Environment; Minister Vice-chair: of the Chair: m ng within 80km of the NPP the of 80km within ng I
Strate s e g r u s a e M
Monitoring Coordination Japan Meeting, Monitoring Coordination Source: Secretariat of Secretariat Source: Authority the Nuclear Regulation I Major monitoring targets in the Comprehensive Monitoring Plan (modified on February 1, 2019) 1, February on (modified Monitoring Plan Comprehensive the in monitoring targets Major Concentration measurement of radioactive substances and measurement of the air dose rate in water, sediment and environment environment and sediment water, in rate dose air the of measurement and substances radioactive of measurement Concentration sea in neighborhood (1) monitored and marine life beds were seafloor sea water, of radioactivity concentration of Measurement ar
Secretariat, MHLW; Director-General, Council's Secretariat of th SecretariatDirector-General, of Council's Secretariat, MHLW; Deputy Security Director-GeneMLIT; and Transport Safety Policy, MOE; Administrative Vice Chief of Staff, nuclear operators others) and Members: the Security Director General of Bu Monitoring of the environment in general throughout Fukushima Prefecture Authority, Regulation Res Emergency Nuclear ・Release of measurement neighboring and Fukushima installed etc. in results posts, of the portable monitoring prefectures the via Internet dust NPPthe airbornearoundetc. dose rate,・Continuous air measurement of the ground on substances radioactive various of situations deposition and rate distribution dose air of of ・Check ・Periodical aerial monitori the areas order evacuation of ・Detailed monitoring I * The results of each monitoring as shown of each * The results site set up on Regulation Authoritythe Nuclear website. MOE, Fukushima Prefecture, TEPCO and others) Monitoring of the environment in general throughout throughout Japan general in Monitoringenvironment the of local governments and others) ・Internet publication measurementof results of air dose rate at monitoringin eachposts prefecture for substances radioactive of measurement concentration ・Monthly Monitoring of water (MOE, Fukushima environment prefecture) ・ areas in Fukushima and and neighboring coastline prefecture waters ground sources, water marches, rivers, lakes, from samples prefectures Monitoringareas in marine ・ year for clean water (at the faucet) the sameto accuracy of analysis as the level research before the accident amount of deposition vely-high of level relati a of area the in ・Aerial monitoring surrounding Bay. surrounding and (5) Fukushima ocean, Tokyo (4) (2) area, open Daiichi TEPC, coastal sea area, (3) offshore NPS, adjacent to Fukushima Prefecture
In In to provide order easy-to-understand information integrally with monitoring conducted by relevant ministries and agencies, local go agencies, and relevant ministries conducted monitoring by Monitoring Plan Comprehensive decided was (final on 2011 2019) on August 1, 2, revision February Figure 2-3-7 Figure
t
With respect to the radiation monitoring necessitated necessitated monitoring radiation the to respect With r Monitorin ■ a
P Monitoring Coordination Meeting in August of August in Meeting Coordination Monitoring 2019) February in revised and 2011 Power Station of Station rates dose air measuring are authorities other and es municipaliti local Power ministries, TEPCO, substances radioactive analyzing posts, monitoring at substances in the water and deposit in rivers and seas, and monitoring radioactive substances in food and and food in substances radioactive monitoring and seas, and deposit rivers in and water the in substances Thisdonewithis being in the line C tap water. A. Implementation of Implementation A. monitoring radiation (2) Ensuring safety and security of safety and security (2) Ensuring environment living the
112 Chapter 3 113
)
(Figure 2- . Seawater, Seawater, .
(Figure 2-3-8) (Figure farmland soil to advance efforts farmland soil to advance efforts . The ministry the also published Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges (Figure 2-3-8) the prefecture and neighboring prefectures and by prefectures and by and neighboring the prefecture asurement system set up in Fukushima Prefecture, Prefecture, set up in Fukushima asurement system with local governments. In addition, the ministry with local governments. s (as ofs (as (right accident) the after 92 months 15, 2018: November ementation Guides on Sea on Sea Guides with the Implementation ments in line
kushima, Miyagi and Ibaraki prefectures were jointly jointly were and Ibaraki prefectures kushima, Miyagi displayed on the website on a real-time basis on a real-time on the website displayed tion of radioactive materials in materials tion of radioactive r 1, 2017: 78 months after the accident) (left) (left) accident) the after r 1, months 2017: 78 ofofa result as released substances radioactive the at accident the Promote Science and Technology Radioactive substances distribution map distribution substances Radioactive / Source: Secretariat of Secretariat Source: Authority the Nuclear Regulation * Cesium 137 soil concentration map (as of (as map concentration * Cesium 137 soil Octobe of map rate dose Spatial * Fukushimaneighboring and prefecture . Figure 2-3-8 Figure
In FY2017, to clarify the distribution Air dose rates are measured by a real-time dose me are measured by Air dose rates MAFF conducted surveys on the distribu
■
112 Part II Part to Implemented Measures TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, the ministry continued to collate information information ministry the collate to continued Station, Power Nuclear Daiichi Fukushima TEPCO concerningof distribution the radio and the like cesium Plan”). Monitoring “Comprehensive (Attachment Monitoring Area of whole the in up set posts monitoring portable using results of surveys conducted in cooperation travel Fukushima TEPCO from the circumference 80-km an beyond and within conducted aerial monitoring of dose rates the air and announced Station Power Nuclear Daiichi area the life offand marine beds seafloor the coasts of Fu govern and local ministries the relevant by monitored order to strengthen the nationwide in throughoutprefectures posts set up in all Japan monitoring fixed are survey system. These measurements radiation 3-9) to restart farming. These include farmland decontamination. decontamination. farmland include These farming. restart to Chapter 3
113 nologies so far developed. so far developed. nologies ination within Fukushima ination Creation Center. In coordination In coordination Center. Creation es for the volume reduction and es for the Environmental Studies (NIES) and ronments that were contaminated by ronments that were contaminated radiation doses, research on the behavior Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges the effective and efficient countermeasures and efficient on the effective gies regarding the volume reduction and recycling and recycling reduction volume the gies regarding r restoration/improvement ofr restoration/improvement soil fertility of on development ofon development technology and and research been carrying out a project to verify the effects and the been carryingverify project to a out developing technologies to deal with various post- to deal with various technologies developing potassium application to control absorption while potassium application oactive substances, for the purpose of for substances, oactive remediating s released in the accident at the TEPCO Fukushima the TEPCO Fukushima at s released in the accident clear Regulation Authority: http://radioactivity.nsr.go.jp/ja/ http://radioactivity.nsr.go.jp/ja/ Authority: Regulation clear il derived from decontam from derived il so has demonstrated the tech so has demonstrated ushima Environment y g o the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. Nuclear Power the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi l o n h c e T d Regulation Authority (NRA) since April 2013. April since (NRA) Authority Regulation n a ed for volume reduction and other purposes. other purposes. and reduction volume ed for e ecture, the National Institute for ecture, the National Institute for c n e i c environment and R&D on technologi R&D and environment S e t o m o r P
substances. The aim is to restore envi substances. The aim o t d e t n e m e l Sample ofSample map measurement Radiation p / m I s e r u s a e M
* The system has been managed by the Nuclear by * The system has managed been ofMonitoring information Nu radioactivity level, environmental of Secretariat Source: Authority the Nuclear Regulation I
I
Figure 2-3-9
t JAEA moved into the research building of the Fuk building of into the research JAEA moved The organizations concerned together are working The organizations Not only does MAFF develop technologies aimed at aimed technologies does MAFF develop Not only MOE has compiled a strategy for developing technolo a strategy compiled MOE has developing for r ■ a
P Prefecture outside the prefecture. The ministryprefecture. Prefecture outside the has also safety ofcan be utiliz that technologies
B. Efforts for measures against radioactive substances substances radioactive against measures for Efforts B. study towards establishing measures to deal with radi measures to deal establishing towards study the environment contaminated by radioactive material radioactive by contaminated the environment Station. Power Nuclear Daiichi it al but andfarmlands, in forests radioactive materials Pref Fukushima with and cooperation decontamination challenges, such as technologies fo as technologies such challenges, decontamination agricultural and proper after the land decontamination ensuring safety of agricultural products. of of the disposal substances towards radioactive so Their results have been published swiftly. isMAFF also swiftly. published been Their results have R&D into technology for measuring others, JAEA is conducting of radioactive substances in the recycling of radioactive radioactive substances released in the accident at radioactive substances 114 Chapter 3 115
survey. registered as 100,000mothers participants in the ronment Ministers’ Until the child's 13th birthday child's 13th Until the -months 6 every survey Questionnaire survey -Interview every few years - of Collection environmental samples er for Child Health and Development) Health Child and forer w-up studies. Based on the resultsw-up studies. Based Analysis period Analysis of the results of of the results of Analysis 13 the years Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges At 1 month old ucidate the health ucidate - MedicalJECS support to -Participant -Participant recruitment, surveys and follow-up until the 13th birthday of participating children - Collection of biological samples, and implementation of questionnaire surveys - Collection of babies' hair - Collection of breast milk highly valued at the 2016 G7 Toyama Envi highly valued G7 Toyama at the 2016 - address that analyses Statistical lifestyle social and factors genetic, urrently, regional centers, which are publicly are publicly which centers, regional urrently, Regional centers (universities in 15 regions nationwide)regions Regional15 centers (universities in (National center support Cent Medical develops research plans and analyzes biological analyzes biological plans and develops research milk and other biological samples of the subjects the subjects samples of biological other milk and will be conducted using questionnaires, until the using questionnaires, will be conducted parents/ children across the country in the study. study. in the the country across children parents/ medical examinations covering about 5,000 children 5,000 about covering examinations medical of environmental chemical agents on children’s health children’s on agents chemical environmental of
y that aims to el to aims that y system ogical survey is necessary. ogical survey children age reach the of 13 samples Japan, have been conductingbeen follo Japan, have vironmental policies. In FY2018, follow-up using questionnaires and policies. In FY2018, follow-up vironmental re center and the National Center for Child Health and Development for Child Health and Development Center and the National re center Establishing an appropriate risk assessment appropriate an Establishing At the time of childbirth At the time Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) Study Children's and Environment Japan l survey without parallel in the world was National center (National Institute(National centerNational forEnvironmental Studies) - JECS conducting for Central organization -data Operation of systems - and samples, of analysis and Storage quality control - Management of, and support for, regional centers Providing safe and secure child-rearing environments child-rearing secure and safe Providing - Collection of mothers' blood and plus fathers' hair, blood - babies check Health for - blood samples Collection of babies' paper on filter -umbilical Collection of cord blood Questionnaire survey until the Promote Science and Technology Follow-up period children enrolled in the nationwide survey. survey. nationwide the in enrolled children effects ofperiod fetal the in l in and chemicals to environmenta exposure children's scale childhood. large A epidemiol JECS is a large, long-term follow-up surve follow-up long-term large, a is JECS Japan Environment and(JECS) Children’s Environment Study Japan will be continued. MOE - budget Securing - Review of environmental policies - Coordination with other ministries -International cooperation y / . .
Inviting 100,000 participating families/ Implementing blood collection, etc. -Measurement and analysis of and analysis -Measurement chemicals environmental of storage -Long-term biological Recruiting period Recruiting FY2010 . The stud g In early to mid pregnancy Structure The long-term and large-scale epidemiologica and large-scale long-term The meetin -Informed consent -Informed women's pregnant of -Collection and urine blood -Questionnaire survey Surveycontent Source: MOE • Figure 2-3-10 Figure
Under JECS, NIES serves as the co birth cohort study, birth cohort a large-scale, long-term MOE started and the Japan Environment In FY2010, ■
(Figure 2-3-10) (Figure
Children’s Study (JECS), by enrolling 100,000 pairs of pairs 100,000 enrolling by (JECS), Study Children’s blood, breast umbilical mothers, blood of In this study, analyzed. Follow-up studies and were taken, preserved children reach 13 years of age to clarify the influences influences the clarify to age of years 13 children reach 114 Part II Part to Implemented Measures children to risks environmental clarify Efforts to C. samples. The NCCHD provides medical support. Conc samples. The NCCHD provides of this study, MOE will re-examine en continued, include were which detailedinvestigations (NCCHD) servescenter. NIES as the medical support throughout recruited from 15 districts 100,000 the from chosen Chapter 3
115 . MIC aims to use its MIC aims to use its . d complex with threats cyber exercise the toward ers led by the government. security innovators. ) for national administrative administrative national ) for 1 d the Cyber Physical Security Physical d the Cyber purpose, the ministrythe been purpose, has Project Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges the basis of the Strategy. basis of the Strategy. the field ofcyber security field al Security Infrastructure that can be used for for used be can Infrastructure Security al that environment, occupational health, etc. etc. health, occupational environment, human resources who have practical ability to practicalability who have human resources SIP “Cyber-Security for Critical Infrastructure”. Critical for SIP “Cyber-Security singly sophisticated an sophisticated singly curity of critical infrastructure control systems at ng/analysis and defense technologies including and defense technologies ng/analysis the people’s everyday life from cyber attacks, the the attacks, cyber life from everyday the people’s ack563 to trainyoung advancing measures for Cybersecurity pursuant to for advancing measures strial Cyber Security Center of Security Center strial Cyber launched Excellence in Society 5.0 that will be realized through IoT and through IoT and will be realized 5.0 that in Society Cyber Training Center organized in the institute in Cyber Training Center organized n ofn program 5.0, the secure Society promoting is thenticity and integritythenticity of of equipment/software) g R&D aimed at strengthening ofg R&D aimed at international was decided by the Cabinet Cabinet Security Strategy was decided by the Cyber e and at contributing to stable operation ofoperation to stable contributing and at the 2020 ber Colosseo for practical ber Colosseo for ng IoT system services and SMEs, and its social ng IoT system services and SMEs, curity strategy headquart curity y g o l o n Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Study and Children’s Environment Japan h c e s by critical infrastructure businesses. infrastructure critical s by businesses. T d n a November 2018, AIST establishe November e c ty to trainty to security n actical cyber defense exerciseactical cyber defense (CYDER e i and complex cyber attacks. To this To and complexattacks. cyber c curity has been promoted on promoted been curity has
S
NCCHD/ e t o m o r P
NIES/ o t
Implemented by by Implemented d e t n 15 regions nationwide) 15 regions nationwide) e MOE/ m e Major policies to ensure food safety, living safety, to ensure food Major policies l regional centers (universities in p / m I s e r
) u s a
e MOE M
Ministry
I
I
Table 2-3-11 Table
Cybersecurity Ensuring t
For the purpose of comprehensively and effectively and effectively comprehensively For the purpose of Aiming at cyber security ofat Aiming chain the entire supply Through NICT, MIC has been promoting R&D in the R&D promoting Through NICT, MIC has been Since FY2015 the Cabinet Office has been working on working been has Office the Cabinet FY2015 Since FY2018 r ( ■ 3 a with Recurrence Exercise Cyber Defense
P
organs, local governments, and others at the National the National and others at local governments, organs, The MinistryApril 2017. is also working on the Cy and SecH Games Paralympic and Olympic Tokyo 2020 implementing initiatives such as pr as such initiatives implementing 1 operators in addition to information system information in addition to operators at the Information-technology Promotion Agency has been promoting activities such as development of such as development activities promoting been Agency has the Information-technology Promotion at central cyber se roles for human resources who will play integration of The Indu space. and physical cyber space the Basic Act on Cybersecurity (Act No. 104, 2014), th 2014), No. 104, (Act on Cybersecurity Act the Basic deliberations by the Cyberse on July 27, 2018 after
AI, METI is formulating the Cyber Physical Security Framework that is compiling an overview of an overview is compiling that Framework Security Cyber Physical the AI, METI is formulating the In industry. measures required from Center to promote R&D to address increa Research technical knowledge on cyber securi on knowledge technical handle increasingly sophisticated sophisticated handle increasingly R&D for development and demonstration ofdemonstration and development R&D for Cyber Physic protection of chain includi an entire large supply in multiple industrial fields. implementation e Cabinet Office has been working on SIP “Cyber on working Office has been e Cabinet th Since FY2018 Games. Paralympic and Olympic Tokyo realizatio Toward IoT Society.” for Security Physical competitiveness ofcompetitiveness infrastructure critical industries R&D on technologies for Cyberse promotin equipment, while control/communication In order to protect critical infrastructureIn order to protect critical supporting programof R&D promoting is monitori operation (technology confirm determination authenticity to au 116 Chapter 3 117
ndustry-academia- i on December 17, 2013) 2013) 17, December on for Cybersecurity for specially designated secrets. In secrets. designated specially Project Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges onomic infrastructure onomic nt ministries and through ty and security of security ty and it is its citizens, and the nation ng specially designated secrets, will be provided to will be provided secrets, designated ng specially contribute to broad development of to broad development contribute all research, the foundation of the foundation its economic strength and defense Council/Cabinet decision Council/Cabinet g technological strengths.” Based on the National National Based on the strengths.” technological g d of Science & MOD launched Innovative defense, fields where large-scale investments are effective in are effective where large-scale investments fields chnologies, including dual use technologies, thereby thereby technologies, dual use including chnologies, vite and commission research on advanced civil civil advanced vite and commission research on
n view ofn view environment challenging the increasingly ssary necessaryR&D on technologies to promote to ional community strongly seeks from Japan. Therefore, Therefore, seeks from Japan. strongly ional community bilities.” bilities.” c Plan suggests that “the fruitof that c Plan suggests the science and technologyhave The establishment of The establishment Training Center Cyber National the of Presentation of draft a Framework Security Physical Cyber ofPromotion cyber security industrial ofThe development ec ber security (FY2018) ber security s in cooperation with releva s in cooperation in FY2015. The ministry expanded the initiative in FY2017 and startedand to FY2017 in ministryThe expanded FY2015. in initiative the and Science Promote Technology nological capa nological IPA IPA NICT NICT METI Center METI/ IPA/ METI/ IPA/ Japan Computer Computer Japan Implemented by by Implemented Team Coordination Coordination Team Emergency Response Emergency Response Major policies for cy for Major policies / (Figure 2-3-13) (Figure MIC METI Ministry Table 2-3-12 Table
security issues Addressing national Hoping for future contribution to R&D in the fiel contribution future Hoping for The 5th Science and Technology Basi and Technology Science The 5th The National Security Strategy Security The National (National
■ 4
government collaboration. collaboration. government No secret: includi made public. be research results may as secret: including result will be designated or no research consignees of 2018 evaluation November research results was conducted and made public. address national security issue address national in Security to publicly for Initiative Technology technologies exploratorytechnologyfoster research in advanced terms of to order period. In and research budget the strengthening Japan’s tech strengthening Japan’s in multiple areas” impacts and “I make potential to use ofimportantmake to many outstandin Japan’s Security Strategy it is nece and the 5th Basic Plan, forces and is also a valuable resource that the internat that resource valuable a also is and forces further the ofencourage should promotion Japan te safe the ensure to order in security, surrounding national states: “The advanced technology “The advanced states: of constitutes Japan 116
Part II Part to Implemented Measures Chapter 3
117 Companies
needs) corporations basicresearch for civil use Domestic research institutes Domestic research Application of the results of Universities, independent independent Universities, time of 3 to 5 years in close in 5 years 3 to of time Short-term practical Short-term application of defense defense of application Operators Operators of JSDF edge technologies civil Application for civil use (by the consignee) the (by use civil for Application (challenges and (challenges equipment by utilizing leading- proposal an excellent Commissioning Commissioning Chapter 3 Addressing 3 Chapter Economic and Social Challenges research research based on use ofuse progressing civil cutting-edge rapidly Acquisition, Acquisition, Technology & useful for information analysis for terrorism terrorism for analysis information for useful Engineers Engineers the of Unified efforts Unified Logistics Agency . . chnology Initiative for Security Security for chnologyInitiative y g International peace cooperation activities cooperation o themes l solutions technology o Produced results n . 2-3-15) (Figure h Unique advanced Unique c Presenting research research Presenting Proposing technical Proposing e T d (may be published as research paper) vation cycle in a short period of period in a short vation cycle Suppressing prices of defense products and maintenance costs n market (spinoff) market (Figure2-3-14) a Companies, etc. etc. Companies, with excellent technologies e c initiative the in also civil Using the of outcome the n e i c S
missions e t Disaster relief o m o r P o Future to application R&D of MOD t experts ICT d e t n Screening by external e m Outline of Outline practical early for initiative the Outline ofOutline Te & Science Innovative e l / / p m edge civiltechnologies I Defense s Ministry of e Rapidlyprogressing cutting- ies r u g s a Defense of Japan Defense e M
Source: ATLA Source: ATLA Source: Acquisition, Technology & Logistics Agency (ATLA) (ATLA) Agency & Logistics Technology Acquisition, Source: I
I
Figure 2-3-14 Figure Figure 2-3-13 Figure
t With the aim of aim the With technology analysis image advancing
Since FY2017 MOD has been working for practical application of ICT and other civilian technologies technologies civilian other and ICT of application practical for working been has MOD Since FY2017
r ■ technolo ■ a
P that progress rapidly with a short inno rapidly with a short that progress prevention or reviews after terrorist acts, the National Research Institute of Research the National terrorist after acts, reviews or on working prevention is Science Police ofthe development analytic R&D on and cameras support omnidirectional security system using a Interneton the data image using technologies collaboration of engineers and operators and engineers of collaboration 118 Chapter 3 119
r o f 絵 terrorism
r e t Identification ofIdentification f ・ objects unknown a
s i s y inhospitable disaster sites such disaster sites inhospitable l a n a
n o ti Description gy Initiative for Security Security Initiative for gy data) a Speedy information analysis analysis information Speedy after terrorism Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges m e analysis technology terrorismaddress analysis e to r Internet (large Big data on the amount of image order to visualize CBRN contamination and contamination visualize CBRN order to o f n Advancement Advancement of technology retrieval similar image learningmachine (patternrecognition, technologies) Image analysis technology useful useful technology analysis Image i Identification ofIdentification Proof of synthesis image ・ photographing place ・ Advancement ofAdvancement technology analytic using on the Internet data image ove the workability ofove operators unmanned vehicle estimation, research is conducted on a threat research is conducted on a threat estimation, ps suitable for remote control by integrating remote by control for images ps suitable
al security issues (FY2018) al security Innovative Science & Technolo & Innovative Science cles and laser scanner information in cles and laser scanner information ysis ntamination source areas based on dispersion prediction considering dispersion considering areas based on prediction source ntamination anal
by orism r ter Promote Science and Technology ATLA ent v e Implemented pr Prevention ofPrevention terrorism Outlineof advancement of researchfor imag to
contaminated environment. Furthermore, environment. in contaminated Major policies to address nation address to policies Major / /
1 Image analysis technology technology analysis Image useful for information information for useful Simple video reproduction function for field use Simple video reproduction function for photographedDetecting “change” from periodically images ofDetecting abnormality in flow people (stagnation, abnormal backflow) congestion, its distinguishing and overhead, object flying Detecting type and geometric analysis *Surveillance technology using Omnidirectional images Development ofDevelopment security support system degree)(360 omnidirectional using cameras ① ② ③ ④ MOD Ministry Chemical, Biological, Radiological, NuclearChemical, Radiological, Biological, Source: National Police Agency Police Source: National Table 2-3-16 Table Figure 2-3-15 Figure
impr research to greatly MOD has been conducting
■ ■
by swiftly creating overview displays and 3D area ma 3D area and displays overview creating swiftly by as a the CBRN obtained from multiple unmanned vehi unmanned multiple obtained from 1 1 118 Part II Part to Implemented Measures determination system to estimate co to estimate system determination fromsensors. information and detailedtopography midtown in buildings including present detailed contamination status and damage status present contamination detailed Chapter 3
119 ree projects. ree projects.
advanced civil advanced g al design started in FY2017 ressin additional th additional g Remote control Remote nse sector, since FY2017 MOD has has MOD FY2017 since sector, nse advanced civil civil advanced to contribute to lower prices of prices lower to contribute to civil and AI, it is difficult to respond by by respond to difficult is it AI, and chnological or operational ideas have chnologicalor operational ideas have g pro
y ressin Wireless g communication communication Chapter 3 Addressing 3 Chapter Economic and Social Challenges pro
y ent of monitoring/inspection using ent of monitoring/inspection practical use in a short period ofshort period a in use practical time of five to three Controlled vehicle, etc. tual design started an for n ofn progressingtechnology civil rapidly advanced orter R&D cycle by sure matching between challenges of challenges between matching sure by orter cycle R&D vil market is expected vil market e equipment. In Japan various R&D ingenuities have been have R&D ingenuities various In Japan e equipment.
Kanamoto Co., Ltd. Co., Kanamoto
this approach in the defe this approach in the Five projects whose conceptu whose projects Five y g o technology l o n h tical application of rapidl tical application c e T d Mounted Mounted n a
e sector and measures to materialize te materialize to measures and e sector e c n e practical application of practical application rapidl Conceptual design: Conceptual design: i c y S
e y eeds through this initiative will contribute will to solutionourthrougheeds security of issues. initiative this the At t o m o r drones, etc. P Remotel ies o - Network flight simulation flight simulation - Network bikes off-road of - Silencing etc. technology, using actuator operation machine - Unmanned AI using tools analysis device identification ship automatic of - Construction improvem efficiency and - Automation - Wireless network in ship, etc. analysis data near-real-time Large-scale - - Reduction ofunnecessary antennas radiationcommunication of satellite orts. orts. g t controlled robot d An example of short-term prac pp e —Unmanned machine operation of utilization by (FY2018)— etc. technology, actuator t Manned operation is temporarily implemented in disaster sites and other areas with a high with areas other and sites in disaster implemented is temporarily operation Manned of use reduce can actuators however, unmanned such as devices level, risk control remote facility-related continuous providing for is effective and JSDF personnel risk for the su n e m e l p FY2018 FY2017 technolo Initiative for earl for Initiative m I s e r u s a
Figure: An example of An Figure: short-term practical applicatio e Table: List of List Table: short-term subjects practical for application of rapidly progressing advancedtechnologycivil M
2-4 I
In light ofIn light of progress the accelerated a sh technologies, Becauseprogress of robotics ICT, of fields the in significant is innovation
I t
and defense products as well as to continuous development of technologies for safety and security. This can be viewed of viewed be can This development continuous to as well as products defense and security. and safety for technologies as an essential initiative. the SDF (needs) and technologythe SDF (needs) s of same time utilization the results ofci in the the initiative years throughconcerted years engineersoperators efforts and by to introduce progressing rapidly advanced technologies civil sectors. in consumer to their application a view with concep In FY2018 year. this fiscal demonstration commenced studied and implemented led by the privat led by studied and implemented in a shortperiod of repeatedly been taken Adopting time. equipment to defense new to put projects been implementing conventional R&D methods that have been used for defens been used for have R&D methods that conventional r a P
120 Chapter 3 121
and “IBUKI- ) 1 cilitate access by access by cilitate noxide to its observation to its observation noxide using airplanes and ships, using airplanes and ships, the accuracy of ofobservation d ministries and agencies as well as as well agencies d ministries and stributions ofstributions and carbon dioxide iple systems that fa that systems iple also important to develop the Global the Global importantalso to develop Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges countries and organizations worldwide have been have worldwide countries and organizations e-2 “DAICHI-2”, and has been conducting R&D for and has been conducting R&D for e-2 “DAICHI-2”, to promote the development of GEOSS. It had 232 development to promote the Land Observing Satellite-4 (ALOS-4) and for other other and for (ALOS-4) ObservingLand Satellite-4 Change Observation Mission - Water “SHIZUKU” Water - Mission Observation Change d and is operating global carbon dioxide and methane and methane carbon dioxide global d and is operating IBUKI and added carbon mo IBUKI ssibility of ssibility amounts of and the sources identifying continuous monitoring by monitoring by continuous as well as by ground-based and maritime observation ground-based by observation as maritime and as well her scientific data. The Group on Earth Observations on Earth The Group data. her scientific r promotion of this change countermeasures, climate rough international collaborations, to accumulate useful to accumulate rough international collaborations, 2019. Japan has been playing a leading role on the GEO leading role on a has been playing Japan 2019.
methane through seasonal changes since 2009 when the methane through seasonal emissions by month and region. The project revealed a month region.and The project emissions by revealed ate change by greatly reducing greenhouse reducing emissions greatly by change gas ate Gases Observing Satellite “IBUKI” (GOSAT “IBUKI” Gases Observing Satellite n activities. “IBUKI-2” improved improved “IBUKI-2” activities. n ge and its effects, MOE, with relate and its effects, ge Japan. Based on the Paris Agreement Based on the Paris the world as Japan. for ssing issue as well licymaking in each country. It is is It country. each in licymaking ionof the global concentration di
Systems (GEOSS), which consists of Systems mult and Science Promote Technology Addressing Global Challenges and Contributing to Global to and Contributing Challenges Global Addressing Development observation observation Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite ObservingGreenhouse gases SATellite change global climate Addressing To promote satellite observations of observations satellite promote Observation Change Global the To operating been has earth, JAXA the To understand current global many warmingTo trends, In order to help clarify climate chan climate clarify help to order In Response to Climate Change is a pre to Climate Response Section 3 Section 1
1 120 and monitors on the ground. the aim of With furthe clarificat been used for has satellite B. Satellite-based observation observation Satellite-based B. “SHIKISAI” the Global (GCOM-C), Climate Mission - observing the Earth from the outer space by satellite, observing the Earth satellite, by space from the outer of effectiveness enhance the To Earth systems. problems, change tackling climate effortsfor global th integrated be should analyzed and data observation of System EarthObservation Land Observing(GCOM-W) and the Advanced Satellit has develope home and abroad, at organizations relevant using the Greenhouse technologies observation In addition, the ministry is conducting 2” (GOSAT-2). A. The promotion of Earth observation that became effective in November 2016 and the Climate Change Adaptation Act (Act No. 50 of No. Act (Act Change Adaptation the Climate and 2016 in November 2018), 13, effective became June that clim the country needs to enhance efforts to mitigate adaptation. efforts for while making of(1) Development of observation for technologies and continued the earth environment po as a basis for scientific knowledge framework (GEO) was established as an international February members as of countries and institutions as Advanced (ALOS-3), Satellite-3 Optical the Advanced 4). Chapter 3, Section (See satellites Part II Part to Implemented Measures and ot many countries and institutions to observation Committee. Executive greenhouse emissions from huma gasses methane, as well as estimation of estimation as well as methane, and absorptions trend of of rising concentration and dioxide carbon a po started.observation The project also suggested carbon dioxide and methane that have been observed by been observed have methane that and carbon dioxide
Chapter 3 Chapter 3 3 Chapter
121 arch and Technology Technology and arch ) for continuous 1 mechanisms ofmechanisms climate Antarctic and the Arctic, and the Arctic, Antarctic system that JMA operates system that es and their sustainable use, use, es and their sustainable ation with NASA under the with NASA ation is ofin emissions carbon dioxide ges. Under the Antarctic Research Research ges. Under the Antarctic analyses for sea surface temperature sea surface temperature analyses for on the Paris Agreement Paris new through on the Chapter 3 Addressing 3 Chapter Economic and ChallengesSocial data has helped to increase the accuracy of of accuracy the increase to helped has data of the global elucidating a ice. Observation data of data Observation ice. a core satellite the GPM gn in order to continue the mission and furthergn in order tivities oftivities to estimate is aim Its gs. thin living other ous fields related to the a view to mounting it on the third IBUKI together together the third IBUKI it on to mounting a view for a numerical prediction Sustainability Project (ArCS), climate change in the Project (ArCS), climate Sustainability ts, moored buoys, observation by vessels and other vessels by observation buoys, moored ts, . Not only are the data used for research on climate research on climate used for are the data . Not only ational cooperation. The Argo program aims at the the at aims program Argo The cooperation. ational ve been conducted based on the 9th Six-Year plan for plan for based on the 9th Six-Year been conducted ve , including weather forecasting and fishing ground forecasting weather , including observe global greenhouse gas concentration, it aims aims it greenhouse observe global concentration, gas rial activities and fuel as industrial activities such man activities ccessor “IBUKI-2” was launched in October 2018. In 2018. in October was launched ccessor “IBUKI-2” s of The ministry human origin. conducting has been oceans and marine resourc PM) project are used to improve the accuracy the of improve to used are project PM) her living things. On the other hand, carbon monoxide carbon monoxide other hand, On the living things. her y g o l ean observing system (the Argo program o n h c e T d anging in recent years: sea temperature is rising, ocean acidification acidification ocean is rising, sea temperature years: recent in anging n a
ediction as well as the accuracy of ediction as well as the accuracy e go floats deployed in these oceans. oceans. oceans around the in these world based on Argo floats deployed are polluted by plastic wastes, for example. We need to understand the We example. for plastic wastes, are polluted by t changes. To this end, JAMSTEC has been constructing an integrated this end, JAMSTEC To t changes. c sting system, which contributes to the improvement of to the improvement sting system, which contributes accuracy the of origin” through observation and analys origin” and through observation n e i ease of reporting emissions based c etitive research fund, was created. research fund, was created. etitive
S e t o m o r P o t
urce ability. monitoring d e t n e m e l p m I s e r u s a e M
Development Fund, a policy-oriented comp a Fund, Development I
I t Regarding the Arctic, under the Arctic Challenge for under the Arctic Challenge for the Arctic, Regarding MEXT is promoting research and observation in vari and MEXT is promoting research The marine environment is rapidly ch rapidly is environment The marine oc an in and JMA are participating MEXT Data ofData the purpose launched for (GCOM-W) SHIZUKU JMA verified that the use of SHIZUKU (GCOM-W) JMA verified that the use of SHIZUKU r Rese Environment the humanosphere, the affect and seriously issues significantly environmental understanding Basedthe on that a P measure global environmental chan accurately to possible is it where in the Antarctica ha research and observation Programs, Program FY2021). (FY2016- Research Antarctic observation of oceans around the world through intern around of oceans observation real-time monitoring and evaluation of 1 C. Ground and oceanographicC. observations ofand elucidation environmen global combining drifting floa by network marine observation means. is emitted from human activities but not from forests and ac forests not from but activities from human is emitted is progressing and oceans worldwide of preservation for changes in the marine environment consumption but also from forests and activities of and activities forests also from but consumption ot of emissions carbon dioxide “human ofand the data cycle, water change and the launched in cooper the core satellite (G Measurement internationalGlobal Precipitation targets. Carbon dioxide is emitted not only from hu only is emitted not dioxide Carbon targets. precipitation estimates by Japan Meteorological Agency Meteorological Japan by estimates precipitation functions to identify sources and amounts offunctions to identify emission other purposesvarious for are also used they change, sea surface temperatures and se for analyzing and routinely has been used in the numerical foreca estimates. precipitation study on the nextstudy greenhouse sensor with observation gas detection. with the GCOM-W successor sensor, and started desi its sensor, successor GCOM-W the with pr precipitation estimates in numerical GCOM-W from has used the same data ice. JMA and sea enhance its emission so enhance addition to succeeding the mission of mission the addition to succeeding to is that “IBUKI” to transparency incr to contribute combination with carbon monoxide emissions. The su emissions. monoxide with carbon combination 122 Chapter 3 123
region research vessels region vessels research when sea ice poses least sea ice poses when least ion technologies through ion technologies lop the most advanced predictive advanced the most lop e impacts of e impacts global environmental of ds including, energy, weather, disaster weather, energy, ds including, Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges obal issues including climate change. The change. climate issues including obal l for global warming prediction. It can simulate global warmingl for prediction. It can simulate basic information that will be necessary for the will be necessary for that information basic System (DIAS). DIAS is an information system information System (DIAS). DIAS is an mosphere at three sites in Japan and at the Showa the Showa at and three sites in Japan at mosphere ed results especially for water issues. The ministry issues. water for ed results especially i from August to October i from August its long-term stable use by a large number of a large by use its long-term stable users e change projection/predict and other observed global warming related data and and data warming observed other global and related institute has also developed a sophisticated cloud- a sophisticated institute has also developed Ocean and its surrounding it is seas, conducting imate and Environment Research to promote Arctic Arctic to promote Research Environment and imate For this purpose, the world's fastest supercomputers For environment have been comprehensively studied to studied comprehensively been have environment underwater vehicle (AUV) capable of capable (AUV) vehicle underwater autonomous greenhouse gasses in seawater and in the atmosphere atmosphere and in the greenhouse in seawater gasses ictions (i.e., about 10-year lead time) and long-term lead 10-year about ictions (i.e., formation so that they can make appropriate decisions decisions appropriate make can they that so formation of information, (observation environment global the
also promoting development of development promoting also fundamental common problems from the viewpoint of marine science. marine from science. of theproblems viewpoint pan and at the Showa Station in Antarctica. Station Showa the at pan and its supercomputer systems to deve its regional climate warming regional prediction. climate to simulate Japan’s unique local climatic climatic unique local Japan’s resolution to simulate has sufficient orative research has been promoted. orative ice and technologies for other elements. In order to clarify changes in In order to clarify changes elements. other for ice and technologies of fiel social challenges in various ion, etc.) to contribute to solving gl solving to contribute to etc.) ion, and Science Promote Technology MRI under JMA has developed the MRI Earth the MRI System Mode MRI under JMA has developed Integration and Analysis Data the MEXT has developed MEXT has been promoting R&D towards the creation of creation the towards R&D promoting been has MEXT full use of making JAMSTEC has been JAMSTEC has established the Institute of has established JAMSTEC Cl Arctic JMA has also been observing been also has JMA greenhouse at the in gasses is working to establish a management structure a management to ensure establish to is working is and abroad, and including enterprises in Japan to solution contributing technologies 122 development of development etc. models, climate the effects of Using this model, the the carbon cycle. and layer changes in the ozone aerosols on clouds, pred change institute is making near-future climate integrates big data and analyzes accumulates, that informat projection/prediction and produc and abroad system has supported R&D in Japan (3) Development of(3) Development data and projection/prediction integrating base observation information predictions based on IPCC emissions scenarios. The predictions based on IPCC emissions scenarios. (2) Advancement of(2) Advancement etc. using super computers, technologies change projection/prediction climate ofmanagement change. climate risks posed by diverse climat are used to advance Earthincluding the Simulator model that resolving regional climate detailed aim is spatially The phenomena. the possibl simulation techniques. These are used to elucidate models and change climate solve and to help changes on Japan Part II Part to Implemented Measures theArctic and of impacts on the global such change international collab and address issues, d to clarify the socioeconomic effects of effects socioeconomic accuracy the high and to clarify with impacts and change such forecast such impacts. in obtained the with stakeholders provide to order In autonomous developing is also research. JAMSTEC sea under and observation navigation the marine environment and ecosystem in the Arctic observation using the oceanographic Mira the observation using vessel research arctic preliminary conducted on design Furthermore, JAMSTEC in FY2018 obstacles. research platforms. provide that in the elevations high at atmosphere and in the ship, observation using an ocean weather by near seawater using an aircraft. These data by Ocean northwest Pacific Station in Antarctica. In addition, JMA is observingaddition, JMA In in Antarctica. Station ultraviolet and JMA has also been observing layer ozone the to the public. are made available their analyses three sites in Ja at atmosphere in the rays
Chapter 3 Chapter 3 3 Chapter
3 123 et Cassegrain as well as as as well ctrace species order in -wave range. GHz is the GHz is the range. -wave ), NICT has been been has ), NICT d simulations ofd simulations the space 1 initiative 5 is developing innovative innovative developing is for Japan. METI and MOE METI and MOE Japan. for ducting Submillimeter-wave Submillimeter-wave ducting ted space/Earth observation space/Earthted observation ), METI is advancing R&D for for R&D ), METI is advancing 4 the carbon dioxide from exhaust the carbon dioxide
rvation satellite data. data. satellite rvation organization was established in 1931. was established Its mission is to organization Chapter 3 Addressing 3 Chapter Economic and ChallengesSocial a scientific data platform that will be the largest will be the that platform a scientific data ts have been published in ain report been published called The State have ts ional research institutions. By gathering scientific scientific gathering By institutions. research ional degradation in power generation efficiency and and efficiency degradation generation in power from ships, Argo Floats and satellites and by using using by and satellites and Floats Argo ships, from truction of first dioxide full-scale carbon Japan’s es for observation, sensing and numerical calculation, calculation, and numerical sensing observation, es for current conditions and the prospects for changes in changes for the prospects current and conditions manufacturing, the ministry manufacturing, oduction of CCS suitable performs of observations limb using the an offs by atmospheric separate and capture carbon dioxide from large carbon carbon from large dioxide and capture carbon separate te and capture carbon dioxide from blast furnace from blast gas te and capture carbon dioxide ged, analyzed and distribu ged, analyzed m Office. NICT is building a network with the Sciencethe with network a building is NICT Office. m conducting R&D for reference relation analysis among analysis relation reference for conducting R&D
yzing data from the Supercon the from data yzing y
ofatmospheri emitted by submillimeterwaves receives SMILES g ntal, non-profit, globalntal, academic non-profit, o frequency range from 300 GHz to 3,000. GHz is the submillimeter the is GHz 3,000. to GHz 300 from range frequency l o lopment using earth obse n h c e rtificial photosynthesis and methanation rtificial and photosynthesis T
a d separating and recovering most of and recovering separating n a
ience and other science for the benefit of the benefit ience other science and for society. e chnologies, including a technology to partially substitute hydrogen for for a technology including substitute hydrogen partially to chnologies, c has implemented R&D on the electromagnetic environment and on the and on the environment on the electromagnetic R&D implemented has a global-scale science data platform platform data a global-scale science developing is NICT rth observation, ) that NICT developed in cooperation with JAXA, and is providing providing is and JAXA, with cooperation in developed NICT that ) n 2018 the ministries have been implementing demonstration ofdemonstration implementing been have 2018 the ministries Carbon 2 e i c
S e t o m o r P o t d e t n e m e l p m I s e r u s a e M
strengthen international activities in the applied sc to measure the concentrations ofto measure the concentrations The ozone and other molecules. antenna. The high-sensitivity, low-noise superconducting receivers receivers superconducting low-noise high-sensitivity, antenna.The extracting and for environment from the processed data. information used for processing large quantities of quantities large technology processing informatics for is used Space environment an observations from collected data diverse Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder: Limb-Emission SMILES Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave submillimeter-wave range. SMILES uses sub-millimeter waves ranging from 624 GHz through 650 GHz. 650 through 624 GHz from ranging waves sub-millimeter uses SMILES range. submillimeter-wave I
I t MOE has been compiling (1) costs of (1) compiling been MOE has JMA is collecting observation data on the above items items on above the data JMA is collecting observation Aiming at the practical of use at Aiming Capture and Storage (CCS Carbon Dioxide GSI is developing technologies for data deve data for technologies GSI is developing For the creation, under the World Data System (WDS), of System Data World under the the creation, For r is ofthe principal component methane that to synthesize Technology and hydrogen. from carbon dioxide gas natural
Science (ICSU): This non-governme The International Council for a Carbon Dioxide and Capture Storage P carbon dioxide emissions reduction te carbon dioxide in steel manufacturing and separaas a reductant coke furthertoward decarbonization. separation/recovery equipment toward assessment of assessment equipment toward separation/recovery intr smooth methods for and (3) impact, environmental gas from coal fired power plants, (2) design and cons (2) design plants, from coal fired power gas determine to areas explorations, wave elastic including investigations, geological conducted jointly have Since FY CCS in Japan. for suitable 2 the demonstration ofthe demonstration integrated an system designed to sources store it and underground dioxide depths of at technology as developing more 1,000 as well m, than In steel safety. reduce costs and improve to drastically selected to host this endeavor’s InternationalProgra endeavor’s selected to host this (SMILES Limb-Emission Sounder Council of domestic and internat related and (SCJ) Japan on Ea papers and their reference data and is analyzed be to the stored data allows that ofreference data anal is also NICT papers. different 4 5 3 1 dioxide Capture and Utilization (CCU), Capture and Utilization dioxide has been promoted, with the aim ofaim with the promoted, has been technologi enhancing of the processing and for large amounts of data. (4) Efforts for reduction in carbon dioxide and other emissions emissions and other carbon dioxide in reduction for (4) Efforts other means, and has been analyzing such data. These resul These data. such analyzing been has and means, other of on information which provides Climate, Ocean the to global warming. related oceanic fluctuations size in the world and that is being promoted by the International Council for Science (ICSU Science for Council International the by promoted being is that and world the in size prevention and agriculture. and prevention stratospheric observation data. MIC MIC data. observation stratospheric use of and has collected, mana in geospace, radio waves data in an integrated manner. Additionally, the development of the development technology Additionally, informatics environment space integratedan in manner. data 124 Chapter 3 125
on (IMO). Based on the the on Based (IMO). on ng the implementation ofng the implementation n and climate change adaptation adaptation change climate n and e development ofe development and crop varieties reduce greenhousereduce emissions and gas Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges emissions in internationalemissions marine transportation, ons from ships, MPAT is conducting research on conducting research is MPAT ons from ships, ” including the long-termGHG target to eliminate on Strategy (Cabinet Decision on June 15, 2018). 2018). 15, Strategyon June on Decision (Cabinet s reduction technology in animal husbandry. The s reduction technology in animal husbandry. a global initiative on global environment research environment on global initiative a global exchange rate and the carbon flow between the between and the carbon flow exchangerate of technologies for stable production, warming, g the world, the Cabinet Office will set goals with a with Office will set goals the Cabinet g the world, ational Maritime Organizati ational intly launched a demonstration of a large LNG fuel fuel LNG alarge intly launched a demonstration of construction of Toward areas to strengthen efforts. aptation measures of aptation and other governments local by wildlife. The ministry also promoted development The ministry wildlife. also promoted development by nmental impact by facilitati nmental impact by surveys in coastal areas and experiments aimed at at experiments aimed and areas coastal in surveys t to combine a comfortable indoor environment of indoor environment a comfortable t to combine effects ofeffects environment. urban greeningimprove to and sediments). The aim is to establish a method for a method for to establish and sediments). The aim is so that relevant ministries and agencies, industry and and agencies, ministries relevant so that provided to local governments through the “Regional through the “Regional to local governments provided rests for assessment of for rests impact of the change on climate
at countermeasures, agricultureMEXT countermeasures, and heat evention, efforts from R&D to social implementation. implementation. efforts from R&D to social with stakeholders in Japan and abroad. and abroad. in Japan with stakeholders ssions reduction during actual operation. operation. actual ssions reduction during nagement system, globalization of globalization system, nagement energy storageand creation werage disposal technologywerage to tion climate change projection information for the near future that can can that future the near for information projection change climate tion lopment of GHG emissions reductio addition, MAFF has been promoting th promoting been has MAFF addition, s potential for both domestic and international applications. international both domestic and s potential for applications. and Science Promote Technology activities activities In FY2018 MAFF worked on development ofdevelopment on MAFF worked In FY2018 agriculture, in technologies adaptation change climate In order to support planning and promotion ofad The Cabinet Office formulated the IntegratedOffice formulated Innovati The Cabinet With the aim of the aimWith emissi reducing dioxide carbon greatly With the aim of the aim With further greenhouse reducing (GHG) gas includes onsite research that promoting is MPAT NILIM is conducting studies on: se including climate change in collaboration in collaboration change including climate damage address to technologies and forestry fishery, and ofofproductivity to predict technologies artificial fo has been developing ultra-high resolu has been developing R&D results are The general application. be used for in addition to and agencies ministries other relevant and with MOE Consortium” cooperation in Adaptation Future Earth,promoting DIAS. MEXT is also is which In forests. cedar artificial Japanese 124 partners, based on actual needs including disaster pr actual needs including based on partners, the progress to adapted are that breeding materials technologies to address pest damage, and GHG emission to address pest damage, technologies ministryis also promoting deve (5) Development of(5) Development and social to economic spread change and their to address climate technologies them to achieve paths and establish perspective global promote consistent to cooperate can academia ship model for maximization of CO2 emi ship model for great in enviro reductions afford that basic technologies The strategyenergy and positions environment as key energythe world’s cutting-edge ma of and realization technologies society leadin hydrogen a Part II Part to Implemented Measures of and examination evaluation their lifecycle. over effects ide reduction the diox carbon strategyGHG reduction a METI proposed to the Intern Strategy“IMO GHG Reduction adopted the proposal, IMO jo have and MOE METI century. this within emissions emissions. zero at ons aimed regulati environmental common-sense gas measuring the atmosphere/seawater quantitatively and benthic ecosystems (benthic fauna flora, seawater energycollect technology resources; and developmen and homes/buildings energy-saving and; performance, agriculture for through global cooperation. technologies measuring blue carbon, which ha blue measuring
Chapter 3 Chapter 3 3 Chapter
125 and 1 has been has been ) r the detection ans of dual polarization on for evaluation of evaluation for on Asia measures and contribute contribute and measures n/monitoring ofn/monitoring climate measures. Based on the act measures. ng technology fo management. The ministry The management. is also advancing the development of a a of development the advancing also nse localized downpours, in order to downpours, in order to nse localized sures using the Environment Research Research sures using the Environment Project Chapter 3 Addressing 3 Chapter Economic and ChallengesSocial ke mitigation/adaptation mitigation/adaptation ke environmental impact of impact environmental pathways best and SLCP e Climate Change Adaptation Plan decided by the the decided by Plan Adaptation Change e Climate her research on observatio her research to climate change and adaptation efforts by local local by efforts adaptation and change to climate and Adaptation to Climate Change (S-14)” to develop (S-14)”Change to develop to Climate and Adaptation by to help reduce damage from local meteorological meteorological local damage from help reduce by to ing the coordination of ing the coordination science and policies regarding NIES set up the “Climate Change Adaptation Center” Adaptation Change NIES set up the “Climate Environmental Strategies (IGES) in 2015 and Japan StrategiesEnvironmental 2015 (IGES) in and Japan a technical support organizati technical a rther enhancing adaptation rther enhancing adaptation by assessing environmental impacts of impacts assessing environmental by SLCP e localized downpours, by me by downpours, localized e of and Research the Environment studies using the h the Climate Change Adaptation Platform, Japan (A- Japan Platform, Change Adaptation h the Climate or ofor ministry The change. also implemented climate y g o l al climate change (FY2018) (FY2018) change climate al o n h c e T
information on adaptation activities. activities. adaptation on information d real-time observation and monitori n Survey of storage CO2 for suitable sites Initiative for Strategic Adaptation to Climate Change Change Climate to Adaptation Strategic for Initiative of Promotion (repost) research project strategic Large-scale CCS demonstrationexperiment Tomakomai at a e enough resolution to display inte enough resolution to display c
positioning system (GPS). MRI is MRI is positioning system (GPS). n e ate change countermeasures change as risk ate and efficient ways to ta and efficient ways i c
S
by e prediction, assessment and countermeaprediction, t o m o r P o METI MOE/ MAFF NEDO MEXT t d e t Implemented n e m Major policies to address glob Major e l / p m I s e r u s a
e METI METI MOE/ MAFF MEXT M
Ministry
Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Pollutants Short-Lived Climate I
I
loss to biodiversity Responding t The Intergovernmental Science-policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem ServicesEcosystem (IPBES and Biodiversity on Platform Science-policy Intergovernmental The
Based on the Climate Change Adaptation Act and th and Act Adaptation Change Climate the on Based MOE implemented “Promotion of “Promotion MOE implemented policies climate MRI is addressing the development of MRI is addressing the development r Table 2-3-17 ■Table 2 a
P radar, phased array radar and global radar array radar, phased of unusual meteorological such as intens phenomena, exploring their reduction pathways (S-12)” as one one as (S-12)” exploringpathways reduction their Fund, and and assessed climate Development Technology reduction offor a fact to be is believed that SLCP effective for basic data quantitative “Comprehensive Strategic Research on the Mitigation of on the Mitigation Research Strategic “Comprehensive to appropriate planning of planning to appropriate clim and ot studies strategic promoting the comprehensively Fund. Development and Technology change and its impact as well as change and its impact as well numerical prediction model with high and there information weather improve the accuracy of 1
phenomena. phenomena. cabinet in November 2018, the government has been fu has been the government 2018, in November cabinet relevant with in cooperation adaptation on information the latest providing NIES has been plan, and the and research institutions throug agencies ministries, PLAT) that was established in 2016. In December 2018, in 2016. In December established was that PLAT) to support studies on the impact of and adaptation promotion of For and others in scientific aspects. governments with in cooperation measures adaptation of people relevant blocks seven in Adaptation Change Council on Climate the region, the Regional NIES holds across the country to exchange and share producing evaluation reports with the aim ofproducing evaluation strengthen proposal service. and ecosystem biodiversity At Japan’s Global for was set up under the Institute and Oceania 126 Chapter 3 127
in their efforts to use sity is also significant rine Resources” under theResources” rine tional Institute of Genetics which flection offlection in knowledge Japan’s rmation on these resources in terms value-added products (e.g., vaccines, vaccines, (e.g., products value-added resources, NARO collects, preserves, preserves, collects, NARO resources, Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges agriculture, genomic and preserves and provides netic resources of an countries, in foreign plants
on (NITE) has been collecting, preserving and and preserving collecting, been has (NITE) on Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) that aims aims (GBIF) that Facility Information Biodiversity vation ofvation marine biodiver y held the domestic liaison conference in July 2018 in July conference liaison y held the domestic aluation regarding invasive alien species was set up speciesalien was set up invasive regarding aluation supportedAsian countries rving and monitoring marine species. Research has Research rving species. marine and monitoring accumulated by GBIF are expected GBIF by to serve as accumulated the international link between science and policies and policies science between the international link es for Securing Living Ma es for ies and regions that aims for the preservation and and the preservation for aims ies and regions that PBES in Japan and relevant ministries and agencies. ministries and agencies. and relevant PBES in Japan m off coast ofPacific the by region damaged Tohoku ng to the Convention on them according to the Convention tionships with 2019 when the organization contributed to reportto contributed organization the when 2019 of Services Capital and Ecosystem Natural through ry has been promoting the development ofrydevelopment the promoting has been empirical ng surveys, collection and evaluation ofevaluation collection and ng surveys, such genetic using the Environment Research and Technology Technology and Research using the Environment information accessible to researchers and others. It also information
and others, MAFF has been promoting bilateral joint bilateral promoting MAFF has been others, and thereby promoting the commercialization of the commercialization promoting thereby high- safe, be made available worldwide. Japan also provided GBIF GBIF provided also Japan worldwide. available made be make the most of the make functions. biological plant es. In order to ensure effective re ensure effective In order to es. es and has also been organizing info the key conclusions of conclusions key the report in 2018 published IPBES evaluation the high-efficiency production of production high-efficiency high tic resources related to tic resources related n with National Science Museum and Na n with and Science Promote Technology The adverse effects of effects adverse The of degradation overexploitation and environmental ocean warming, global marine
The National Institute of Technology and Evaluati The National Japan has a parta and supports has in ofactivities Japan the Global In order to support development of development support to order In ge using breeds new of their genes and genetic lineages so as to make the of their genes use ofsustainable microbial resources and has actively joined a network ofjoined a network countr 15 from organizations 27 Furthermore, (CBD). the minist Diversity Biological biological resources by constructing cooperative rela constructing resources by cooperative biological the for technologies studies on basic 126 functional foods) from genetically modified plants, plants, modified from genetically functional foods) that production technologies material efficiency The conser obvious. become increasingly have species with biodiversity data in cooperatio in data biodiversity with distributing biological genetic resourc of restoration been conducted for ecosyste the marine tsunami. to collect data on biodiversity so that the data can the data so that on biodiversity data to collect gene biological assesses and provides of including DNA, resources, and other crops. rice of In “Advancement humans. challenges for Technologi the Program, R&D for MEXT is implementing Development Technology Use Promotion Resource Ocean purpose of ProgramofResearch Basic In the Strategic marinems. ecosyste elucidating comprehensively the obse for R&D has been conducted on technologies JST, fundamental for evaluation at IPBES. IPBES. at evaluation fundamental for companies activity which is private conducted by and conducti on Asian countries research with focus bank project concerning In its gene agriculturalresources. biological Part II Part to Implemented Measures 1, February On support to activities. its continued centers). Data are both GBIF nodes (data providing production, another technical support organization for ev for support another technical production, organization supportedand IGES activiti its under and February 2019 by gathering experts involved in I experts involved gathering by 2019 and February Furthermore, in order to disseminate MOE addition, In 2018. November in in Tokyo was held a symposium companies, private in to people Estimation “Predictive implement the continued to Integration of Systems” Ecological by and Social strengthen Fund. The research aims to Development ofthrough provision IPBES. by assessment for knowledge assessment reportsassessment ofprocess the in countr the creation,
Chapter 3 Chapter 3 3 Chapter
127
are also utilized for are also utilized for Chikyu respect in the internationalrespect in the me, since such science and and science such since me, SHINKAI 6500 SHINKAI Source: JAMSTEC Source: JAMSTEC Source: JAMSTEC Manned research submersible Deep-sea scientific drilling vessel Deep-seavessel drilling scientific Chapter 3 Addressing 3 Chapter Economic and Social Challenges al state ofal state need further elucidation. the areas that lling by using the deep-sea llingvessel by scientific drilling fested waters that are difficult to access, as well as as well are difficult to access, that fested waters ributing to innovations toward creation of creation toward innovations to ributing future g DONET. These technologies These DONET. g microbiosphere, the mechanisms of the mechanisms microbiosphere, ocean-trench r means, JAMSTEC has been conducting survey and and conducting survey been has means, JAMSTEC r dissemination ofdissemination Using these technologies the data. bsistence. At the same ti same the At bsistence. and addressing economic and social challenges a range challenges and social economic addressing and the possible existence ofthe possible JAMSTEC marine resources, pan to earn and admiration y g o l o n h c e T
Basic Plan on Ocean Plan on Ocean Basic d n rd a e c n e i c cy and ensuring consistency cy and the safety of and the the seas, S vironmental conservation, as as conservation, vironmental
s and observation—including observation—including and s e t o m o r P o t d e t n e m e l p m I s e r u s a e M
I
I
The promotion of oceanographic R&D t For the purpose ofFor understandingsubseafloor the The Cabinet Office is promoting efforts to solve technology solve to efforts Office is promoting The Cabinet ofIn light of formulation the the 3 As an “oceanic state” that is surrounded by the sea on all sides, sides, all on sea the by is surrounded that state” As an “oceanic In addition to enhancing industrial competitiveness competitiveness industrial enhancing to In addition Using vessels, equipment and othe probes, observation r Section 4 Section Important Frontiers Strategically Pioneering 1 a
P development challenges related to oceans in cooperation with with in cooperation to oceans challenges related development the Headquarters Ocean Poli for areas of the seabed—and and below deep ice, seas, sea and development to sustainable contributing for technologies of utilization resources, biological includes which seas, the transportation,en and tourism, ensure to help as technologies well necessary and fundamental technologies to knowledge scientific supportefforts. these all on Decision (Cabinet Policy Ocean Plan on Basic with the Third 15, 2018). May Japan needs to produce STI results befitting this condition. For STI results befitting needs to produce this condition. For Japan R&D ofon work is important it to steadily this purpose, survey ocean for technologies ofof management and utilization, development, technology and science support appropriate the to oceans the su Japan's for firma as serves space and foundation technology have additional value, such as enabling Ja enabling such as value, additional technology have of education scientific the promoting and community asset this enhance it is necessary to continually citizens, long-terma on based perspective. simulation using the obtained data and archiving and archiving and data the obtained using simulation Policy, in January 2019 MEXT revised the R&D plan pertaining the R&D plan pertaining revised MEXT 2019 in January Policy, and 2016) in Development Ocean on CST’s Subdivision at the (formulated technology and science to ocean in the marine S&T fields cont R&D promoting has been industries. the deep including and ice-in research in ocean sea bottom actu the elucidate to research basic promoting is JAMSTEC (1) Ocean survey and observation technologies technologies and observation (1) Ocean survey
earthquakes and tsunamis, and the genesis as well as as well and the genesis and tsunamis, earthquakes usin by real-time observation Chikyu for and technologies has been advancing the development of the development advancing has been dri for technologies 128 Chapter 3 129
6500SHINKAI samples Source: JAMSTEC Source: JAMSTEC attempted drilling to to drilling attempted Analysis ofAnalysis collected ge earthquake occurrence geearthquake Chikyu clarification of clarification on stress the Source: JAMSTEC Source: JAMSTEC rkof the programdeveloping for Sectional view of Sectional view Trough Nankai anned to further 2,200m to anned drill about yond sampling of sampling yond materials, geological ssel completed drillingssel completed of 3,000m about e first in the world. e firstworld. the in Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges was to the conditions of conditions the hu the r the sea floor andr the sea succeeded floor in observation of slow rstanding ofto the deep ocean related phenomena observation/measurement technologies for efficient for technologies observation/measurement Chikyu dge held by universities, etc. under the “Technology etc. universities, dge held by gies. The ministry The research been conducting has also gies. ement so far is that: through through that: is far so ement m, marine environment and other marine information information and other marine environment m, marine that has opened a new new opened a has Chikyu that
ed valuable samples. It is expected that It is expected that samples. ed valuable phenomena occurring ther arch vessels, the manned research submersible submersible the manned research arch vessels, that occur at the plate subduction subduction plate the at occur that rine Information” within the framewo Spending about half about Spending October 2018, from a year
discovered changes in the faults that had generated earthquakes and and earthquakes generated had that faults the in changes Chikyudiscovered where oceanic plates begin to subduct. Be where oceanic plates Chikyu firstworld’s the is scientific reach the shallowest partofreachshallowest the occurrence the huge earthquake zonefirst the in ve the voyages three past the In world. from the depth ofIt was pl 2,000m. about reach the shallowestpart the huge of earthquake the mission encountered a occurrence zone. However, not did that structure geological complicated very currentdrilling using the drilling as planned allow towas It found reach impossible plate the technology. succeeded in the deepest scientific drilling (Water drilling (Water deepest scientific the in succeeded ntific drilling vessel. By September By 2018 ntific drilling vessel. Chikyu succeeded in observation of Chikyu
Promote Science and Technology Chikyu making an attempt at drilling of at making an attempt the source region of Nankai Chikyu startedTrough drilling off inthe Nankai Kii Chikyu earthquakes megathrust Source: JAMSTEC Source: JAMSTEC Operation on Operation
2-5 Deep-sea Scientific Drilling Vessel Deep-seaVessel Drilling Scientific We will further evolve the scientific drilling by drilling by scientific the will further evolve We
Colum society. society. boundary fault. Nevertheless, Nevertheless, boundary fault. Depth:Drilling Depth: 1,939m, 3,262.5m) and collect research will progress using the samples. ofunderstanding of building to contribute thereby and huge earthquakes secure and a safe earthquakes that occur frequently offshore but could not be observed on land. It is pointed out that slow earthquakes could offshoreobservednot slow occur be but is pointed frequently out on land. that that It earthquakes earthquakes. huge trigger may various of measurement high-accuracy and zones conducted drilling at 15 points of points 15 Chikyu drilling at conducted the total length Trough and Nankai ofachiev scientific Its 34km. as long as reached drilling the off Trough Nankai the Peninsula, Kii uptsunami vicinity the to of the trench unde observation crustal movement high-accuracy Chikyu enabled technologies oftechnologies of One the time. of purposes the constructing of place the access directly of occurrence repeating earthquakes great of(earthquakes higher and 8 magnitude In sampling. and carry measurement to field out boundary) order in September 2007 scie a as first voyage in its Peninsula science best the combining constructed by and was 2005 in drillingvessel Since FY2018, MEXT has been implementing R&D ofR&D implementing been has MEXT FY2018, Since
and highly accurate understanding accurate ofand highly marine ecosyste using a wide range of and knowle technologies advanced Ma for Understanding of Development 128 (2) Technologies contributing to sustainable ocean development, use, etc. etc. use, development, ocean to sustainable contributing (2) Technologies Part II Part to Implemented Measures of the development research and surveys, other technolo Specifically, Ocean. Pacific entire the and archipelago Japanese the around seas the on focus surveys that and crustal structures are exploredrese using by and unmanned submersibles, towards deepening towards our unde and unmanned submersibles, damage. devastating cause can that tsunamisas such earthquakes huge and floor,
Chapter 3 Chapter 3 3 Chapter
129
been developing developing been Round 2 Round chnologies for marine for chnologies Source: JAMSTEC Source: JAMSTEC een developing automatic automatic een developing Source: JAMSTEC Source: JAMSTEC ding Japan (See Chapter 3 ding Japan Commemorative photo after Commemorative Unmanned probe used in Round 2 Round in used probe Unmanned surveys. MIC has surveys. MIC has all within 24 hours. Eight teams that that teams Eight hours. 24 within all e of Institute the National Technology; view in February 2017 and the Round 1 1 and the Round 2017 February in view Chapter 3 Addressing 3 Chapter Economic and Social Challenges March 2018 to proceed to Round 2 final field test as as final field test 2 to Round March 2018 to proceed tellite communication te communication tellite developed through this challenge in order to globalize through this challenge in order to globalize developed using ships, probes, cutting-edge sensors cutting-edge other and probes, using ships, energy-efficient, and has b has and energy-efficient, fof Kalamata an area of was to map Greece 250 least at ed in the sea areas surrouned in the sea areas early June. Further technology development is expected by expected is by Further technology development June. early y g o l o n h c e T
ll and others since 2016. This is the the is othersThis and ll 2016. since d n take 10 pictures ofpictures 10 take undersea targets, et sea area. However, at the retrial on retrial the at area. However, et sea on in Greece. The final was held in The final was held in Greece. on in a submission to XPRIZE Foundation at at submission to XPRIZE Foundation
overy XPRIZE has been held sponsoredovery Team KUROSHIO is an industry-government-academia partnership team an industry-government-academia is KUROSHIO Team e high and ultra-wide area speed submarine e team could maximize the given time time given the maximize could team e ams from around the world entered the the entered world the around from ams c e the efficiency of marine resource of e the efficiency the University of the University Institut Kyushu Tokyo; Ltd.; Co., Shipbuilding E&S Mitsui ofTechnology; Aviation and Port Maritime, MotorCo., and Yamaha Inc. Ltd.; KDDI Research, NipponEnterprises, Marine re the document passed team Ltd. The technology readiness test in consistingof researchers more than Agency andyoung 30 engineers from: Japan Marine-Earthfor the Institute Scienceand ofTechnology; Industrial Science, n e i c S e t o m o r P o t d e t n e m e l Team KUROSHIO’s attempt to win XPRIZE attempt KUROSHIO’s Team p m Round 2 test test 2 Round I s Source: JAMSTEC Source: JAMSTEC e r u s a e 2-6 M
Result of Result in organizer the announced by be final will the Team KUROSHIO was to go through Round 2 for 11 days from December 9 9 December from days 11 for 2 Round through go to was KUROSHIO Team of 14th and on 13th trial At the initial probes unmanned the team’s December,
XPRIZE is a global competition run by XPRIZE Foundation, an American American an Foundation, XPRIZE by run competition global a is XPRIZE
I Colum
I advancing the exploration technology and operation knowhow knowhow operation technology exploration and the advancing the oceanographic technology survey of Japan the 16th and 17th after their repair th repair their after 17th and 16th the without major and trouble obtained submarine topographyoff data Kalamata. topographic submarine meeting maps created data, the analyzed the team Later the completed and definition the required of the mission 19 concluding Time on December 22:50 Japanese 2. Round to 19 ofto 19 rainyDecember is a seas 2018. and weather clear where oceanographic difficult conditions under Kalamata thunderstorms alternated. in front oftroubles operation had targ the the only team from Asia. The mission of mission from Asia. The team the only 2 testing of Round and meters, 4,000 to depths down at km2 three European teams US and teamscompetedtest. four the in KUROSHIO, 1: Team passed Round by the leading oil company Royal Dutch She Dutch Royal company oil leading the by world’s first global competition of ultra- te 32 robots. search using prospecting Japan. from participated KUROSHIO Team teams including Three competition. As challenges. grand world’s the solving of aim the with organization, nonprofit part of Shell the competition, Ocean Disc t MIC has been conducted R&D on next-generation sa next-generation on R&D conducted been has MIC JAMSTEC has been conducting R&D for clarification ofclarification for R&D conducting been has JAMSTEC of the origin and establishment resources seafloor r a P technologies toward sustainable use of sustainable toward technologies resources buri Section 1, 1(2)). to improv in order resource surveys, of methods assessment surveyand environmental effective technologies for promoting the use of marine resources. resources. marine of use the promoting for technologies technologies to make Earth stations more compact and and compact Earth stations more make technologies to satellite tracking systems. tracking satellite 130 Chapter 3 131
. . (Table 2-3-18) (Table and the sustainable use ofand the sustainable are the basis of key technologies technologies key of basis the are chniques for safety evaluation of chniques for safety evaluation of e Promotion Technology Development Development Technology e Promotion Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges of an production based on realizing innovative developing a system to predict vessel traffic flow traffic flow vessel predict to system a developing on, positioning and broadcasting satellites are satellites on, positioning and broadcasting ments for the purpose ofments for ensuring safe marine also important property in expanding the intellectual onal strategy based on the Space Basic Law (Act No. onal strategy (Act No. Law based on the Space Basic tion ofbiodiversity marine and for the purpose the ofand for elucidating comprehensively for humans. In the “Advancement of the “Advancement In for humans. for Technologies Programof R&D on has been conducted the JST,
MotXXM (Source: jamstecchannel) MotXXM (Source: jamstecchannel) marine species (See Chapter 3 Section 3-2). Section 3 Chapter (See species marine e development and improvement of te improvement e development and vironmental impacts. These techniques impacts. These vironmental ams and hopes ofams and space development is promoting Japan the people. WS HILIGHTS 2018 2018 HILIGHTS WS and Science Promote Technology Resources” under the Ocean Resource Us Resource Ocean under the Resources” ean resources and energy. ean resources and energy. of environment ocean Promotion of space science R&D in JCG has been gathering information of information JCG has been gathering ship move Space technologies including weather, communicati weather, including Space technologies MPAT is conducting research on th The adverse effects of effects adverse The of degradation overexploitation and environmental ocean warming, global marine 2 130 for the exploitation of oc for the exploitation JCG is efficiency. operational transportation and improving of analysis based on the to the vessels the information and feed back these big data. NE JAMSTEC
offshore structures and for reducing en technologies for observing for and monitoring technologies (3) Technologies contributing to the securing of securing the to contributing (3) Technologies preservation and Oceans security on the safety and The conserva obvious. increasingly become species have Part II Part to Implemented Measures challenges are significant resources biological marine Securing Living Marine purpose the for Program, R&D implementing is MEXT Basic Research In the Strategic marine ecosystems. understanding of the physiologyof marine species
Chapter 3 Chapter 3 3 Chapter
131 Secretariat etitive parts/components National Space Space National Policy As of December 11, 2018 studies regarding hosted payload studies regarding hosted rnment satellite data within the fiscal year. Improve fiscal year. the within rnment satellite data entrants to the space industry industry the to and space entrants expand litate secondary and tertiary use of geospatial of litatetertiary use and secondary use satellite data and operation of a platform for ion opportunities for comp the discussion the expert of committee set up in eration with privateeration think tanks,and carry out rengthen space industry and science rengthen space industryand lti-layered cooperation with foreign countries view to business view to promotion led by private business technology space utilization space and infrastructure on in outer space through specific space through on in outer Space Space debris countermeasures and use of space and use space of as a whole
outreach in space-related fields outreach in Initiatives aimed Initiatives at expanding utilization future space Chapter 3 Addressing 3 Chapter Economic and Social Challenges JAXA (right)JAXA Other initiatives to maintain and st Environmental improvements for facilitating the stable supply of core components/ core of supply facilitating stable the for improvements Environmental Launch ofLaunch Epsilon-34(right) F40 (left) and H-IIA Build a government-wideof the promotion initiativesframework for and coordinate basic initiatives to FY2019. half of first the by debris reduce Strengthen survey and analysis functions in coop andin analysis functions survey Strengthen surveys contributing to study of missions and that technologies will become necessary for our middle the 2019.around of by advanced satellites Start expansion of opportunitieslearn to skills to FY2019. in business space in specialized talents Start activities enhance estimation to costand risk management skills in FY2019toward introduction/deepeningfirm contracts. of FY2018 to discussfaci ideal public organizations that to FY2018 information. necessaryStudy environmental suborbital improvement flight considering for activities private and international trends internationalPromote setting and build rule mu MicrosatellitesJapanese ExperimentISS released Module “Kibo” from the Japan-US collaborati Strengthen the Promote space cooperation in collaboration with the APRSAF and the ERIA, / Contribute etc. to the SDGs with space technologies Expand space utilization by identifying potential needs in various fields and areas includingareas various and fields identifying automated in utilization needs potential spaceExpand by driving, agriculture, fisheries, environment,fieldsdisaster that national resilienceprevention, other and have not had much relation with outer space in cooperation with local governments promoting creation of space businesses the and (S-Booster) contest space-based business idea the through support venture activities for Strengthen Businessactivities to Space Investmentthe includes Matching Platform (S-Matching),which expansion of Asia) countries (S-Booster other and Asian data Develop of the a prototype platform for open gove a users’ opinions with convenience its on based after operators FY2021. Promote G Space projects and activitiesthe based on In addition to implementation of In to addition implementation the satellite innovative program, technologies start demonstration demonstrat of provision on-orbit toward activities businesses. satellite/rocket small of competitiveness strengthen to order FY2019 in in early toward FY2020 by project SERVIS the for necessary avionics and software Develop system. safety flight autonomous of establishment implementflight flight With mind, experimentof cooperationin one stage international reuse in space of challenges realization for Study FY2019. in units small experimental of experiment mind. in reuse with these on experiments system based transportation Promote experimentdemonstration of a LNG propulsion system, research on space photovoltaic power provide weather space to information functions strengthen to activities and generation Comprehensive initiatives to encourage Comprehensive new Measures to strengthen systems and frameworks supporting the development frameworks supportingthe strengthen systems andMeasures to Promotion of space Promotion of diplomacy and strengthening strategiesof for international • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Measures and projects to strengthen the science and technology industrial base base industrial technology and science the strengthen to projects and Measures Source: JAXA/Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (left) Industries (left) Heavy JAXA/Mitsubishi Source: ofand science the Maintain strengthen and (3) space, civil the Basic Plan on Space Policy (Revised in in (Revised Policy Space on Plan Basic the their designated altitudes altitudes designated to their satellites sending es for y g o l o n h c Basic Plan on Space Policy (revised FY2018) (revised Policy on Plan Space Basic e activities activities of the Basic Plan on T trator Jupiter(DESTINY+), technology industrial base
ent planH3 rocket,with the (Draft) d ation UnitedStates, the with unch facility certification certification unch facility n Traffic Management (STM), etc. a e c toward substantiation of Deep Space Space Deep of substantiation toward n e i c S e Space transportation systems t o functions) of the overallfunctions) of space systems Space Situational Awareness (SSA) ace security, (2) Promote the use the use Promote (2) ace security, Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) Maritime Domain m hieving the goals of the space policy appropriately and without delay, while taking measures measures taking while delay, and without appropriately necessary for project feasibility study. continue combustion tests of the first- and second-stage real model fabrication of as well as system engines and the detail in start etc. tests, FY2019. design, system electrical oration activities on the moon considerationmoon under the activitiesexploration on of international cooperation and implementreturn Samplefront loading of from Martian moon Phobos (Martian Moons eXploration: MMX) Exploration Demons Technology ICy moons Explorer (JIUICE), etc. 2025. after manned base near the moon (Gateway),proactively promote international cooperationtechnological demonstrationand mind our contributionin scientifickeepingto exploration. while Space Space science and exploration, manned space activities activities and international space exploration o rocket with H3 rocket with H3 rocket rocket Epsilon Epsilon Launch Vehicle upgrades sites Launch Manned spaceManned activities including international space station plan International space exploration - activities Promote - Implement international coordination and specific technical - Promote programming implementand front loading - promote (SLIM) Moon Investigating Steadily Smart Lander for - activities manned space orbit our low coordinate FY2019 In - Regarding participation initiative US in the to establish a - in FY2020, the real rocket first launch of the test Toward - developm synergy on Based the - of la procedures the Perform Deliberation of risk scenarios contributingstrengthening of to mission assurance (guarantee functions)for FY2019 by Next Generation Mainstay Vehicle (H3) Launch Space science and exploration Advance necessary necessary measures Advance adjustmentsand operation including 2023. system FY operation after start the of before guidelines Promote partnership with JAXA and specific initiatives in and multilateral bilateral cooper France, etc. Survey global trend of Space Consider strengthening ofutilization ofgovernment and private sector satellites coordinationin with around of FY2019 by Ocean end the Policy r Strengthening of mission assurance Strengthening(guarantee of for • • • • • • • • • • • P o t d e t n e m e l d launch the satellite in p ship with with JAXA to ship n of utilization of the of utilization n te system around FY2023. te system around of the accuracy of be mounted also on on also be mounted m outer space to promote I s and performance
eering Test Satellite s e r broadcasting u s ) a e Satellite positioning Satellite remote sensing M
Quasi-Zenith SatelliteQuasi-Zenith System” the under of in charge Minister utilization ofsatellites theutilization quasi-zenith improve its function establish a seven-satelli next microwave radiometer for observation of of for observation radiometer microwave next cycle water to change GOSAT-3 a with laser radar) using observation (surface deepen the development and to view accumulated technologies FY2020 FY2019 study of specifications, performance, for model. the successor of etc. improvement sources, development and of estimation emission the 3rd model. optical satellite optical satellite FY2019 in the satellite FY2019 in and radar 1st diversified FY2019 EngineeringTest Satelliteeye (9thsatellite) with an in FY2021 its toward launch
An implementationac An plan aimed at Policy Objectives: (1) Ensure sp Objectives: Policy I Geostationary Meteorological Satellites Other remote satellites sensing Advanced optical/radar satellites 4) (ALOS-3 and satellites optical/radar Advanced Promote utilization of the Quasi-Zenith Satellite of Satellite the Quasi-Zenith utilization Promote Network System X-Band Satellite-Based Defense Communication Optical Data RelayTest Satellite - in FY2020 successor first the Launch and - Complete the development an - FY2022 3rd satellite in the Aim launch to - FY2019 the development In the of undertake - research Continue on LIDAR observation -of the Next-generation Advance design detailed - the Promote development toward in launch - Start technology survey home at in abroad and - emission GHG of identification Promote - up “TF Set promotio for - the Launch relay 1st data the satellite and 7th - of development satellite the Start 9th optical - of partner Reinforcement Greenhouse Gas Observing satellites (GOSAT) satellites Observing Greenhouse Gas Quasi-Zenith SatelliteQuasi-Zenith System development, Next-generation Engin improvement and operation improvement Information Gathering Satellites / Satellites radar) (optical Gathering Information
Satellite communications and satellite Source: Cabinet Office I •
• • • • • • • • • Points ofPoints ofPlan Implementation the the t Space transportation systems are essential for the utilization of the utilization are essential for Space transportation systems these are an integral because space,
Using H-IIA, H-IIB and Epsilon, our key rockets, rockets, H-IIB and Epsilon, our key Using H-IIA,
r a FY2018 Table 2-3-18/Points of 2-3-18/Points ■Table of Plan Implementation the
P partof Technologi launches. satellite for technologies whenever needed are vital for the autonomy of the autonomy for are vital needed whenever of The development activities. space Japan’s a new started and FY2014 in was formally rocket flagship to conducted been have tests combustion various and activities space autonomous expand Japan’s The first new ensure international competitiveness. launch in FY2020. Synergy is scheduled for rocket ofdevelopment Epsilon Japan successfully launched an information-gathering launched an information-gathering successfully Japan Transfer Cargo 2018, 6 in June Radar satellite in September 2018, “KOUNOTORI-7” Vehicle started in FY2017 to reduce costs. startedcosts. reduce to FY2017 in (1) Space transportation systems (1) Space transportation 132 Chapter 3 133
s. Cabinet Office started Cabinet s. ments including automated ments including automated on of Quasi-Zenith Satellites Quasi-Zenith on of will be developed for the purpose for will be developed Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges tellites. To this end, MIC and MEXT have been and MEXT have this end, MIC To tellites. mountains or tall building Toward further utilization of further utilization Toward relevant MICHIBIKI,
as well as its function and performance improvement improvement and performance as its function well as s, MIC, MEXT, METI and MLIT have been METI and MLIT have MEXT, MIC, s, ilize the Quasi-Zenith Satellite-1 MICHIBIKI, which MICHIBIKI, Satellite-1 Quasi-Zenith the ilize Satellite-1 MICHIBIKI (November 1, 2018) Satellite-1 MICHIBIKI (November 1, rious demonstration experi demonstration rious on, high-power generation, and flexible payload. payload. flexible and generation, high-power on, ical distribution and disaster prevention. disaster prevention. and ical distribution Source: Cabinet Office the satellite system toward the of the satellite specifications office decided llite 9 since FY2016. This satellite satellite This FY2016. since 9 llite e based on a 4-satellite constellati e based on a 4-satellite and Science Promote Technology Ceremony to start serviceof Quasi-Zenith
The Japanese government’s intention to launch an engineering test satellite around FY2021 is is around FY2021 test satellite engineering an launch to intention government’s The Japanese Regarding global positioning satellite system satellite positioning global Regarding of of technologies demonstrating electric propulsi 132 next competitive internationally order to realize in Policy Space on Plan Basic its in stated explicitly sa communication geostationary stationary generation Sate Test Engineering the developing (3) Satellite communication and broadcasting systems systems and broadcasting communication (3) Satellite driving of phys automobiles farmand machines, ministries and agencies are working together on va together working are and agencies ministries a high-precision positioning servic positioning high-precision a in FY2023 to be established constellation 7-satellite of on the development and embarked MICHIBIKI-5. (2) Global positioning satellite systems systems satellite positioning (2) Global Part II Part to Implemented Measures 2019 in January Demonstoration-1 Technology ite Satell and the Innovative 2018 in October IBUKI-2 experiments ut ondemonstration collaborating that unaffected by is positioning that high-precision affords MICHIBIKIon November 2018. The
Chapter 3 Chapter 3 3 Chapter 133
h identification of the Source: JAXA Source: JAXA "SHIKISAI" (GCOM-C) te optical communication. Geospace Probe ARASE ARASE Probe Geospace Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges Global Change Observation Mission - Climate e the accuracy the e of for and estimates precipitation succeeded in asteroid exploration by rover in rover succeeded in explorationasteroid by ing, advanced radar satellites (ALOS-4), and the (ALOS-4), radar advanced satellites ing, llect samples of in 2019 and return the asteroid to SA under the international Global Precipitation SA under the internationalPrecipitation Global HAYABUSA2, an asteroid explorer launched in HAYABUSA2, cluding space stormscluding throug velopment efforts include advanced optical satellites satellites optical include advanced efforts velopment ing and fishing ground 3 detection (See Chapter ducting research on technologies for mounting highly mounting highly for ducting technologies research on y g o l o can achieve inter-satelli can achieve n h c e ation ofation GHG concentration. global T d n a e c n e i c S e t nitoring system for the nitoring system for o m o r P o t d e t n ous disasters, graspingous disasters, of damage e m e l p m I s e r u s a
e M
I
I t Regarding R&D in space science, JAXA has been JAXA R&D in space science, Regarding MOE launched IBUKI in FY2012 and IBUKI-2 in FY2018 to promote climate change change climate promote FY2018 to in and IBUKI-2 FY2012 in IBUKI MOE launched Data collected by SHIZUKU (GCOM-W) launched by JAXA in May 2012 and the GPM core satellite GPM core satellite the and 2012 in May JAXA launched by (GCOM-W) by SHIZUKU Data collected JAXA is also operating SHIKISAI that was launched was launched that SHIKISAI is also operating JAXA MEXT and JAXA are jointly working with MOD on on with MOD working are jointly and JAXA MEXT r a P December 2014, arrived at the Ryugu asteroid and and asteroid Ryugu the at arrived 2014, December (5) Space science and exploration and exploration (5) Space science globally has achieved JAXA role. a pivotal playing infrared and in X-ray results unrivaled developing such as by observation, astronomical for the world’s first satellite and operating photography simultaneous X-ray and X-ray probe to spectrography using the Hayabusa by and Itokawa. collect samples from the asteroid December launched in probe ARASE Geospace the around geospace observing in is 2016 plasma earth to deepening and has contributed of the understanding ofand the space environment in interaction the earthactivities and solar between for example. physical process of aurora generation, September2018 firstworld. It is scheduled to co in the countermeasures through long-term observ (4) Earth observing system launched in February 2014 in cooperation with NA with in cooperation 2014 February launched in Measurement (GPM) project are used by JMA to improv project are used by Measurement (GPM) of development that satellites relay optical data various other purposes, including weather forecast weather including other purposes, various Section 3, 1(1)). was (ALOS-2) DAICHI-2 addition, In 2017. in December to contributing is 2014. The satellite launched in May to and in solutions and management, disaster prevention warming as global issues such global through monitoring of vari ground-basedof observation contribute to space debris of operation to stable and also con satellites, Japan’s Their other de infraredsensitive sensors on satellites. of capable (ALOS-3) imag high-resolution wide-area, situations and the observation ofand the observation situations ice of forests, Polar etc. Regions, ofdevelopment space mo a 134
Chapter 3 135
) in an attempt to conduct an attempt ) in 1 in FY2021) as well as the as well in FY2021) Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges was put into orbit around Venus in December in December Venus orbit around was put into the atmosphere ofatmosphere the is In addition, JAXA Venus. Colombo international collaborative mission to to mission international collaborative Colombo conducted in cooperation with the European Space with the European conducted in cooperation
oaden the frontiers of humankind. space for (both are scheduled for launch scheduled for are (both 2 ll moon landing demonstrator (SLIM demonstrator ll moon landing
and Science Promote Technology Smart Lander for Investigating Moon Smart Investigating Lander for Mission and Spectroscopy Imaging X-Ray Venus Climate Orbiter AKATSUKI (PLANET-C) that that (PLANET-C) Orbiter AKATSUKI Climate Venus Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter MIO for the BepiMercury for Orbiter MIO Magnetospheric being is which Mercury2018), October in (launched a leadingposition establishing in in has as world in the as well beenactive Agency JAXA (ESA). br helps that science on space R&D promoting 1 2 134 Japan's first lunar landing and XRISM Japan's Part II Part to Implemented Measures ofend Earth the at 2020. 2015 contributed to elucidation of to elucidation contributed 2015 ofmechanism the of conducting development the sma
Chapter 3 Chapter 3 3 Chapter 135 justafter the touchdown (Provided by JAXA and others) others) and by JAXA (Provided Surface ofSurface photographed Ryugu (Illustration by IKESHITA Akihiro) Akihiro) IKESHITA by (Illustration on the crater formed by a collider a collider formed by on the crater Imaginary drawing ofImaginary drawing Touchdown u, on June 27, 2018 after about a 3.2 a 3.2 after about 2018 27, on June u, rmation ofrmation the earth and oforigin the Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges science and exploration technologies explorationscience and technologies using Japan’s own technologies from design to launch from design totechnologies launch own Japan’s using succeeded in bringing back samples the from asteroid to n moons and the evolution process ofand moonsn the evolution the Martian sphere. our acceleration demonstrating the innovative technology. technology. the innovative demonstrating acceleration our y g o l o n h c e T d n a . The target point carefully selectedThe target . pointcarefully e the succeeded that expl asteroid On December 3, 2014, orer HAYABUSA2 c ic engine (ion engine) that was put into practical use, had only small driving only practical into had put was use, that engine (ion engine)ic n good condition at its destination, Ryug destination, its at condition good In September ofbillion km journey. Minerva II*1 it dropped year the same is small a explorationthat robot of University JAXA, by developed technologiesand experience of was launched Asteroid toward HAYABUSA the fo Its purpose to elucidate is Ryugu. to be similarwhich is believed samples fromsolar Ryugu, analyzing system by of stage by the early developed to planets at the solar system. HAYABUSA2, in arrived technologies, latest the loading and HAYABUSA first the improving dropped the small lander MASCOT the small lander dropped e i c
S e t o m o r P o t d e t n e m e l p m I
HAYABUSA2 demonstrated Japan’s space space Japan’s demonstrated HAYABUSA2 s e Asteroid Ryugu Asteroid Ryugu r u s a
(about 900m in diameter) 900m in (about e (Provided by JAXA and others) JAXA by (Provided M
2-7 I JAXAChannel) (Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3hO58HFa1M For FY2019 it is planned to form an artificial crater on the asteroid first in asteroid the on artificial an crater form to planned is it FY2019 For On February 22, 2019, HAYABUSA2 succeeded in landing on Ryugu and on Ryugu in landing succeeded 2019, HAYABUSA2 22, On February by JAXA navigated about 6 billion km of km billion 6 about navigated JAXA by developed trip round a explorer asteroid 13, 2010, HAYABUSA On June
I
Colum t
Reference: images shot by monitor cameras mounted on HAYABUSA2 shot monitor cameras by images Reference: mounted on HAYABUSA2 eXploration (MMX) to clarify the origin of (MMX) to clarify eXploration two Martia the are technologies expectedJapan’s results to of producenew space science. the world and collect samples within the crater. Return to the earth Return to is crater. the within samples collect and the world end of the Games. scheduled at and Paralympic Olympic Tokyo after the 2020 Martian plans including Moons by mission will be followed HAYABUSA2 earth to the determined point gained from the earthto the determined point gained guide the explorer far removed praise fromworld. the damaged and could not take enough samples. Making use of Making use samples. enough take not could and damaged the experience, just 1m from point the at touchdown made simulations, repeated HAYABUSA2 technology correctly to sophisticated The rocks. collected and point target the by postponing the original schedule was a place with a radius as small as 3m. 3m. as small as radius a with a place was schedule original the postponing by was touchdown, it attempted when balance its lost The first HAYABUSA Touchdown was a difficult challenge. Toward touchdown HAYABUSA2 HAYABUSA2 touchdown Toward challenge. difficult a was Touchdown topography the ofsurveyed safe point for a for looked detail and in Ryugu to its body any damage without touchdown international mission. cooperation lumps, rock huge with covered is Ryugu As (Touchdown). sampling Aizu and others to Ryugu and succeeded in the world’s first asteroid the world’s in succeeded and others to Ryugu Aizu and the explorerexploration. In October the to contributed thereby and Germany France and by jointly developed the earth (Sample Return). HAYABUSA is a project realized the earth (Sample Return). HAYABUSA the first electr In particular, and survey. long-h enabled and thereby very efficient fuel was but force between the earth and asteroid Itokawa for about 7 years and and 7 years about for Itokawa asteroid the earth and between r a P
136 Chapter 3 137
ut 400 km above the the above km 400 ut Source: JAXA and NASA andSource: NASA JAXA Astronaut KANAI Norishige Norishige KANAI Astronaut Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges lities and carried out extravehicular activities. activities. carried and extravehicular out lities -quality protein recovery of recovery 2015, In December from ISS. goods the return of reentryat a small aimed capsule Japan’s participation in the space station program in the space station participation Japan’s is an international an is
aut KANAI Norishige conducted various science various Norishige conducted aut KANAI 1 A., Russia, Canada, Russia, A., U.S. the Agreement Europe, Intergovernmental onthe ISS between society through social benefits society through . generating high . generating have carried out longstay missions carried out longstay have n. The Japanese team has various team has various The Japanese n. project, Japan assumes the role of the role assumes project, Japan OTORI has been used to resupply been used to resupply has OTORI acquiring medical knowledge, creating creating acquiring medical knowledge,
and Science Promote Technology and Japan for the joint development, operation and of utilization operation the joint development, for and Japan Earth in low orbit (abo Space a permanently Station inhabited Earth’s surface). The International Space Station (ISS) Program (ISS) International The Station Space program cooperative a is basedInternational The Space Station 1 136 Part II Part to Implemented Measures space activities (6) Manned project collaboratively implemented by fifteen countries: Japan, the U.S.A., U.S.A., the Japan, countries: fifteen by implemented collaboratively project this In Russia. and Canada Europe, (HTV) KOUNOTORI and the KIBO (JEM) the operating and developing spacecraft. cargo KOUN automated astronauts Japanese ISS. the and KIBO accruinguse of from the space (e.g aboard the International aboard Space Statio space unmanned manned and as establishing such achievements, expanding Japan, an internationalpresence for establishing technologies, to contributing the space industry, ofdemonstration reentry technologyatmospheric and for framework a new on government agreement an signed the U.S. with government the Japanese to extend decided and formally cooperation bilateral crystals leading to drug discovery, crystals leading to drug discovery, next-generationsemiconductors useful for and launching materials at a long stay During people. young educating and ultra-small satellites), Astron 2018 to June 2017 ISS from December systems ofoperated experimentsusing KIBO, ISS faci in succeeded 2018 Japan Furthermore, November in the launch ofat aimed development advancing is Japan the future, through 2024. For supply a new with future space explorationin mind. spacecraft (HTV-X)
Chapter 3 Chapter 3 3 Chapter 137 Lunar surface and Mars (Imaginary drawing) t oft and sample communication om ISS and landed on the Pacific Pacific the on landed and ISS om . The capsule had been developed by by . The capsule had been developed demonstrated by the reentrycapsule by demonstrated Atmospheric reentry of the capsule eentry containing samples capsule
Lunar surface exploration, Japan is Japan Lunar surface exploration, try. These are partof many lift-guided flight and “light-weight “light-weight and flight lift-guided Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges cessary manned for spacecraft ying feasibility ofying feasibility and moon landing a joint construct a manned base near the Moon (Gateway) in in construct a manned base near the Moon (Gateway) in space and planning y g o l o n h c e
T d . Because Gateway as a relay poin a relay as Gateway Because . n In order to bring the capsule capsule the bring to In order On November 11, 2018, the small r 2018, 11, On November 1 a
Reference: Aspiration of Aspiration Reference: re-entry 7, small Engineers (KOUNOTORI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WFJFjXGhX8 (Source: JAXAChannel) The atmospheric re-entryThe atmospheric technologies e In addition to these technologies that had been unexplored by Japan but but Japan unexplored by been had that technologies these to In addition obtained from protein crystallization experiments at the ISS Japanese Japanese the ISS experiments at crystallization protein from obtained Experiment Module “KIBO” returned fr Minamitorishima Ocean near Island the of aim with the (JAXA) Agency Exploration Aerospace the Japan to ability the entrydeveloping technology and atmosphere demonstrating had The capsule Japan. by attempt the first such ISS as from goods recover was that Vehicle “KOUNOTORI-7” Transfer Cargo the on been mounted same year. the on September 23 of launched earth the while to back of the quality maintaining c 4°C for about 5.5 days as planned. planned. as days about 5.5 4°C for n the means to recover samples from ISS without relying on other countries. on other countries. samples from without ISS relying the means to recover The success is expectedthe toto strengtheningcontribute of Japan’s utilization. in space competitiveness and future projects) capsule include “guided lift flight” to guide the body to the target point at low low at point target the to body the guide to lift flight” “guided include the during 4G than less acceleration (about high temperature the from body the thermal protect to protection” 2,000°C) during the reen atmospheric ne will become that technologies the country gained that significant it is challenge, the new through acquired r. Technologies including those for for those including Technologies r. e i c the efficiency and effectiveness of the efficiency and effectiveness
S e temperature inside the capsule needs inside temperature e data When used. temperature the e t o m o r P o t d e t n e m e l p Successful returnSuccessful of the International capsule from small recovery a Space Station m I s recovery capsule capsule recovery e r u s a
e M
Schematic diagramSchematic of the small
Indian Space Research Organisation Organisation SpaceIndian Research 2-8 I
I Retrieved small recovery capsuleRetrieved
Colum t Many countries have been increasing interest been increasing Many countries have Source: JAXA Source: JAXA
Analysis and evaluation are underway at SPring-8, etc. etc. SPring-8, at underway are evaluation and Analysis household thermos kettles, etc. were etc. household thermos kettles, after the return,the insidecapsule thechecked was that it was found 4±0. at controlled had been temperature capsule. the in crystals housed protein the to found was damage No least for 3.5 days (from departure from ISS, atmospheric re-entry, and companies tooklanding on up water to part recovery). Private in the ofdevelopment containe the insulating protein crystals generated in ISS, th in crystals generated protein at refrigerant and container insulating an by 4±2°C at maintained to be r a P 1 exploration mission by JAXA and ISRO explorationJAXA mission by (7) International space exploration exploration. The United States announced a plan to plan to a announced exploration.The United States the Smart for to launch Lander plans Japan other countries. by participation calling for is and 2017 Moon (SLIM) in FY2021 and is stud Investigating
collection is expectedcollection to increase while its participation toward investigation specific technical and international coordination advancing presenting the uniqueness of country. the 138 Chapter 3 139
used on the gy R&D is also advanced advanced R&D is also Provided by NEC by Provided J-SPARC aimed at creation of creation aimed at J-SPARC FPGA developed by NEC NEC by FPGA developed nologies that will contribute also to to also contribute will that nologies rder to increase the use of space but include non-space fields. The non-space fields. include but often examplesmentioned often as typical tely expanding like outer expandingspace itself.tely like reliability ofreliability the NanoBridge FPGA that require higher reliability. require higher reliability. that Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges ance satellites that compare well with large compare well that ance satellites nologies with a view to their practicalview use inwith a nologies stem for increasing the utilization of utilization increasing the stem for expertise r this system, entrustmentr this system, expense the fees for unched in January 2018. 2018. unched in January in a relatively short period ofin a relatively The small time. d for the purposed for of expanding the base of space
mpetitive and sensors for the and sensorsexploration for ofmpetitive mineral and developing new utilization methods. Using this Using this methods. utilization new developing and , the environment and other aerospace fields. fields. other aerospace and environment , the In FY2018 MEXT and JAXA initiated initiated MEXT and JAXA In FY2018
Outer space has become very familiar in our daily life. Our lives are Outer Our space lives become has life. very familiar in our daily demonstration MEXT provides
and is less influenced by radiation. radiation. by and is less influenced adopted NEC functions. rearrangeable with integratedcircuit an FPGA is of instead atoms metal moving by circuits switches that NanoBridge working is The company to radiation. susceptible are that semiconductors onthis demonstration assess to the automobiles, to also but spacecraft to only not application its to view with a other fields the medical area and incorporating by are not new ideasnew businesses limited that current to utilization and development space ofpotential infini is space utilization tech space tackle to They continue will ofthe improvement living. our daily experiments with focus on drug discovery. In the future In it will become experimentsdrug with on focus discovery. also the earth” but “observe and space” outer into “go to only importantnot to “use trials outer in space”. space” and “make opportunities in outer space to companies private universities, conducting are who others and supported by space technologies including weather satellites, satellite satellite supported satellites, spacetechnologies by including weather of aware being our without positioning accurate for GPS and broadcasting are satellites and launch them. Rocket of was “KIBO” Module that ISS Experiment but technologies, space results ofhas also produced in 2009 ago completed 10 years space various ing technologies. In addition, in o technologies. ing ta, the ministry provides the government’s satellite data for open and open and for data satellite government’s the ministryta, the provides r-friendly satellite data platform. platform. data satellite r-friendly e Innovative Satellite Technology Satellite e Innovative is small, has low power consumption power small,is has low e demonstration ofe demonstration that technologies
and Science Promote Technology NBFPGA Atom switch switch Atom made of metal) Schematic diagram ofSchematic (resistance change switch switch change (resistance e g brid Copper
memory From Space to Earth From and agriculture quasi-zenith satellites - Space technolo Beyond ground Provided by NEC by Provided Provided by JAXA JAXA by Provided Memory Transistor Transistor The Innovative Satellite Satellite The Innovative conventional FPGA FPGA conventional
(semiconductor switch) Schematic diagram ofSchematic a with atom switch replacing switch with atom Technology Demonstoration-1 Demonstoration-1 Technology 2-9 Schematic diagram ofSchematic NanoBridge
Colum Concerning of the use sy a established MEXT space, METI has been promoting R&D on small high-perform on small R&D promoting been METI has
solicited. Many of Many solicited. involv themes the of innovation to will contribute NEC but future, in the artificial satellites groundbreaking FPGA a space outer in demonstrate to tries Corporation that array) (field-programmable gate activities with a potential to expandofto the range potential a with activities In utilization. space ministrythe 2019 January launched th publicly had been themes demonstration which for Demonstoration-1
138 regarding space equipment that is internationally co is internationally that space equipment regarding high-performance radar satellite (ASNARO-2) was la (ASNARO-2) high-performance radar satellite remote sens resources using satellite possessed by government, industry by possessed academia. Unde and promotion of and technology aerospace science is use cost low at built performanceand are in satellites Part II Part to Implemented Measures the use of enhancing for (8) Efforts space userspotential ofusers discovering by satellites tech utilization R&D on space system MEXT continues disaster prevention human resource development, data that has been becoming big da been has that data a use also developing free use and is
Chapter 3Chapter 4 Chapter 3 3 Chapter 139 Project Image ofImage center the at hole black a huge of is center the at part Black Galaxy. M87 hole. the black of shadow Horizon Telescope the Event by Provided world participated in the project and made project in the world participated Chapter 3 AddressingChapter Economic and Social Challenges rtant for national strategies (FY2018) rtant national for tions, image analysis and other activities using the codes the codes using activities other and analysis image tions, y g o l o n h c der the project, eight e T
Promotion of Promotion project System Satellite Quasi-Zenith practical Japanese AntarcticResearch Program Project Sustainability for The Arctic Challenge development ISS for Grants ofadvancement for Subsidy core rockets of open architecture for Expenses and data satellite the government’s use data for development environmental of demonstration Expenses for integrateduse of data satellite Japan of EEZ the in research of marine Promotion R&D of satellites information-gathering d n a e c n e eight radio telescopes around around telescopes eight e radio e i c S e t o m o r first in history. Un first in history. P among over 200 researchersthe from around over among *1 JCG JCG
CAO CAO JAXA METI o MEXT *2 t ement of the accuracy. the accuracy. ement of pe also participatedobservation in the and d e t Research Office Office Research Implemented by by Implemented n e m Cabinet Intelligence and Cabinet e Major policies to open up frontiers impo up to open policies Major l / p Successful photographingSuccessful of hole black m I s e r u s a e M CAO CAO
MLIT METI
MEXT Cabinet Cabinet I Ministry Analysis of the heavenly bodies observed during the same period is underway and further unraveling of of furtherunraveling and Analysis underway is period same the during observed bodies mysteries heavenly the 22 Japanese researchers Japanese 22 By synchronizing and connecting th By synchronizing and connecting On April 10, 2019, the team ofOn April 10, 2019, the team a Horizon Telescope, the Event 2-10
I secretariat secretariat
Colum t
*1 Black Hole: black heavenly bodies that swallow nearby matter, etc., by strong gravity. Even light cannot escape. escape. cannot light Even gravity. strong by etc., matter, nearby swallow that bodies heavenly black Hole: *1 Black *2 researchers Including organization. who belong to an overseas of outer expected. space is their contribution through observations and theories, simula their contribution throughobservationstheories, and producedthrough the the successor for application development of computer. K extremely high definition. The ALMA telescope that had been set up set up been had that ALMA telescope high definition. The extremely the by Japan, operated jointly and Chili, Plateau, on the Atacama United States and Euro improv the to contributed observation data and images. images. and data observation an realize to telescope radio a global configured team the the world, the huge black hole at the center ofthe hole at black the huge 55 located in Virgo, Galaxy M87 team the earth, April 2017. The from in away million light years of first imaging the in succeeded of analysis after hole a black the United States, Europe andother regions announcedtheUnited success States, of hole photographinga black radio six sitestelescopes around world theat simultaneously observed global joint research project consisting ofthe researchers from Japan,
r a Table 2-3-19 ■Table
P
140