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Table of Content Table of content Alexandra Beyersdörfer: Preface 2 Stefan Glaser: Acknowledgements 3 Ulrich Dovermann: Opening Remarks 5 Christopher Wolf: Introduction - Hate Speech on the Internet 8 I How does the Internet influence lives of children and youngsters? Bernd Schorb: The use of the Internet by young people 18 Jan Keilhauer: Young people opposing hate and exclusion on the Internet 26 II Which discriminatory content are web users confronted with? Thomas Pfeiffer: The Internet – a tool for anti-democratic organizations 34 Rafal Pankowski: Internet hate propaganda in Poland 45 Ronald Eissens: A flavor for anybody that loves to hate 49 III What can media education achieve? Floriane Hohenberg: OSCE/ODIHR – Tolerance and Non- Discrimination Programme 57 Anne Taylor: A media education approach to online hate 62 Stefan Glaser: Guidelines for the media educational work of jugendschutz.net 75 IV Which educational tools and projects do exist? Barbara Liegl: The educational program of ZARA 81 Brian Marcus: Anti Defamation League (ADL) 85 Daniel Milo: Trainings for police officers as a tool to counter the extreme right 92 Valentín González: Education and hate speech on the Internet 98 V Appendix Resolution 101 The authors 103 INACH and its members 109 Documentation – INACH Conference 2007 – Hate on the Net Alexandra Beyersdörfer Preface The danger of being confronted with discriminatory, racist and ex- treme right-wing content on the Internet is omnipresent. Adults have the choice to consciously decide whether or not they want to see such websites. For children and youngsters, it is much more difficult to identify dangerous web content right away and to protect themselves against it. Therefore, it is important for all of us to not leave young Internet users on their own. Bringing forward protec- tion measures should still be one of the main goals, even if different national laws make it all the harder to establish universal rules. Me- dia educational approaches cannot substitute the lack of technical tools and efforts on the part of the Internet industry to protect chil- dren and youngsters. However, they can be a fundamental support in helping them to find suitable ways of using the Internet in an age- appropriate manner and to better estimate dangers. Eventually chil- dren and youngsters become competent in critically assessing harm- ful content and can then develop their own protecting strategies. For this purpose, particularly with regard to an international appeal, the annual conference of the International Network Against Cyber Hate (INACH) in Berlin on 8 & 9 November 2007 made an important contribution concerning educational tools to combat online hate. The conference called "Hate on the Net – Promoting tolerance by means of (media) education" was a forum attended by fifteen nations. Those attending heard speeches about the general use of the Internet by young people and examples of extreme right- wing and racist web propaganda. In addition, pedagogical ap- proaches were explored and different countries presented their own concrete education projects. Jewish people throughout the world are still the target of neo- Nazi and racist groups, anti-Semitism and Holocaust denial are very present in the world of media. Considering this, it was all the more significant that this conference could be held at such an impressive location as the New Synagogue Berlin with its wonderful premises on the memorial day of pogrom night (November 9). It was a thought-provoking setting for a conference with very interesting speeches and exciting discussions. In the end, it was an inspiring experience and a benefit to the work of all of us fighting against hate on the Net. 2 Documentation – INACH Conference 2007 – Hate on the Net Stefan Glaser Acknowledgements The INACH conference 2007 was at the same time the celebration of the fifth anniversary of the International Network Against Cyber Hate. When we, jugendschutz.net and the Dutch Magenta Founda- tion founded INACH in 2002, our vision was to unite organizations that combat online hate by measures of law and jurisdiction, but also by means of education and awareness raising. Looking at INACH today, I see 18 members from Europe and abroad, all with a great deal of expertise in the field of counteracting hate speech on a daily basis and in training and educating youngsters in order to sensitize them to racist and discriminatory hate propaganda. The last two INACH reports give an impression of the multi- dimensional approaches of INACH members and they show what the partners and the Network as a whole have achieved within the last few years. Especially the combination of legal measures, wher- ever possible, and established notice and takedown procedures by asking ISPs to take over their responsibility lead to the removal of thousands of hate expressions from the Net, not only in Europe but also in the United States. There are new challenges today, for exam- ple social networks or video platforms that are used for disseminat- ing hate. And there is still a lot to do, especially in terms of struc- tural and financial support of our INACH partners, which in most cases is still missing. The INACH conference 2007 made educational approaches to combat online hate the subject of discussion. Appointed by the German Federal States to deal with all kinds of illegal and harmful content on the Internet, jugendschutz.net as the organizer has been tackling right-wing extremism since 1999. From the very beginning this work has been including both: measures to get hate content removed and a media educational approach. Therefore it was also a great opportunity to host this event, which aimed at initiating an exchange of expertise and information on this topic and helping to learn from each other's best practices. We ourselves recognized that racism is an everyday reality, not least in youngsters’ lives, and that kids using the Internet are easily confronted with discriminatory content. So developing educational concepts and tools in order to foster media literacy and critical thinking amongst youngsters still is an elementary dimension of our strategy to counteract hate. 3 Documentation – INACH Conference 2007 – Hate on the Net The fact that so many experts from the education sector enlightened the minds of the participants from scientific and very practical points of view made this conference a special event. They gave us an insight into how children and youngsters use the Inter- net, what kind of hate content they are confronted with and which different educational approaches, projects and tools exist. This conference took place in the New Synagogue in Berlin. We feel very honored and thankful that the rooms and services had been made available for us in this very impressive place of Jewish culture. Mrs. Cohen-Sauerbaum from the Centrum Judaicum wel- comed us warmly and gave us the opportunity to learn something about the New Synagogue, its treasures and history. It was a big challenge for jugendschutz.net to host this INACH conference in Berlin, nearly 600 km away from our home base in Mainz. All this would not have been possible without the support of the Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), the Federal Agency for Civic Education in Germany. The bpb is currently funding the work of jugendschutz.net against hate on the Internet and especially financed this conference. And, of course, no such event can be or- ganized without the people working behind the scenes: My col- leagues Alexandra Beyersdörfer, Thomas Günter and Michael Wörner-Schappert during the stressful months of preparation, never lost their patience, gave all their best and thus made this conference possible. The conference ended with a resolution addressing the EU, the OSCE and governmental organizations to strengthen media educa- tional approaches countering the harmful effects of online hate. The resolution was adopted by all INACH members and was passed to the representative of the ODIHR’s tolerance and non- discrimination program of the OSCE. As the work of INACH and this conference documentation show: Education is a very important tool to prevent hate online and offline and there are many promis- ing and highly-developed concepts. However, they can only become sustainable if they are used on a stable and reliable basis. I hope that the requests to support and promote educational efforts to raise the awareness of young people will be heard by responsible bodies and will be followed by support. 4 Documentation – INACH Conference 2007 – Hate on the Net Ulrich Dovermann Opening Remarks As an introduction, I want to provide very briefly some facts about the Federal Agency for Civic Education. The Agency was founded in 1952 to teach the Germans democracy. Before 1952 there had been the American way – we call it the pragmatic way - of installing democracy: “Just give them a parliament, a constitution, elections and the other equipment and they will become democrats.” But Germans have never thought that way, they always think in terms of education. So we set up our own agency for civic education in the Federal Republic, paid for by taxes, and there are agencies in all the German federal states except Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony). I myself am the Director of the Department of Extremism, but I have to emphasize that we are not a part of the secret service or the police; we are an agency for civic education. That means we try to deal with the problem through education and what we in Ger- many call “Bildung”, which is a little bit different. But it is really and truly an honor and a pleasure for me to welcome you all here at the annual conference 2007 of the International Network Against Cyber Hate in the Neue Synagoge in Berlin, a building so full of memories, of dignity, of culture and of importance here in Germany and in Berlin.
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