Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit -

November 2015 Monthly Rainfall and NDVI (Issued December 15, 2015)

Highlights Map 1: November 2015 Monthly Rain Gauge Data Map 2: November 2015 TAMSAT Monthly Rainfall Estimates

Gulf of Aden The month of November 2015 has Gulf of Aden DJIBOUTI AWDAL been marked by heavy rains in most BARI SANAG parts of the country with many stations W. GALBEED recording above average rains. The TOGDHEER southern regions were the wettest SOOL during the month with various stations NUGAL recording above average rains in most ETHIOPIA ETHIOPIA of te regions. Some of the stations that recorded significant rainfall in the North Indian Ocean Indian Ocean include: Eyl (226mm), Alula (194mm), GALGADUD Elafweyn (138mm) while in the South Hudur, Elbarde, Dinsor, Beletweyn, HIRAN Balad and Jamame stations recorded 226mm, 119mm, 176mm, 130mm, M.SHABELLE 104mm and 120mm respectively (Table BAY 1 and Map 1). In the second dekad of November 2015, tropical cyclone L.SHABELLE (Chapala) hit Tooxin and Bareedo M. JUBA villages of Alula district in Bari region L.JUBA causing damage of houses and loss of boats to some fishermen.

Source: TAMSAT and JRC Satellite-derived (TAMSAT) Rainfall Source: SWALIM Estimates (RFE) confirms the continuation of Deyr rains through late November. November 2015: TAMSAT Dekadal RFE The satellite imegery indicate enhanced rains in the Jubas, Shabelles, Bay and Map 3: 1st Dekad (1-10) Map 4: 2nd Dekad (11-20) Map 5: 3rd Dekad (21-30) parts of Hiran (Maps 2-5 and 9). The DJIBOUTI Gulf of Aden DJIBOUTI Gulf of Aden DJIBOUTI Gulf of Aden Bari Awdal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Sanag Bari Awdal Sanag Awdal Sanag Bari W. Galbeed W. Galbeed W. Galbeed (NDVI) for November 2015 indicates Nugal Togdheer Sool Togdheer Sool Togdheer Sool significant improvement of vegetation Nugal Nugal conditions in large parts of the country. Mudug ETHIOPIA ETHIOPIA Mudug Mudug ETHIOPIA Significant increase in vegetation vigor Indian Indian Indian Ocean is evident in Agropastoral/Pastoral Galgadud Galgadud Ocean Galgadud Ocean livelihoods of Bay, Bakol, Middle Hiran Bakool Bakool Hiran Bakool Hiran Shabelle parts of Galgadud, Gedo Gedo M. Shabelle M. Shabelle Gedo M. Shabelle Mudug and Togdher. However Small Bay Bay Bay Gedo L. Shabelle M. Juba to large decrease in vegetation is still L. Shabelle M. Juba L. Shabelle M. Juba visible in Maize-growing areas (Southern L. Juba rainfed livelihoods) in L. Juba L. Juba and Juba. Moreover degradation of biomass is shown in parts of Middle and as well as coastal parts of lower Shabelle regions (Map 10). November 2015: E-MODIS Dekadal NDVI Progression

The Deyr rains have continued Map 6: 1st Dekad (1-10) Map 7: 2nd Dekad (11-20) Map 8: 3rd Dekad (21-30) to improve rangeland conditions, DJIBOUTI Gulf of Aden DJIBOUTI Gulf of Aden Gulf of Aden DJIBOUTI Awdal Awdal Bari Awdal replenished most of the berkads, natural Sanag Sanag Sanag Bari Bari W. Galbeed water catchments, and increased the W. Galbeed W. Galbeed Togdheer Togdheer Sool Sool Togdheer Sool water levels in shallow wells. Livestock Nugal Nugal Nugal body conditions generally show ETHIOPIA ETHIOPIA Mudug ETHIOPIA improvement. In the rain deficit districts Mudug Mudug of Erigabo, and Lasqoray in Sanaag, Galgadud Galgadud Galgadud livestock have out migrated in search Hiran Hiran of better pasture while water tracking Bakool Bakool Bakool Hiran Gedo Gedo is still ongoing. Farmlands in Buale Bay M. Shabelle Bay M. Shabelle Gedo () and Bardhere (Gedo) are Bay M. Shabelle M. Juba M. Juba L. Shabelle currently inundated due to deliberate L. Shabelle M. Juba L. Shabelle L. Juba Indian L. Juba river breakages by farmers to benefit Indian Ocean Indian from recessional agriculture when the Ocean L. Juba Ocean flood water recedes. Monthly rainfall and NDVI performance

Map 9: Nov 2015 TAMSAT Rainfall Difference Map 10: Nov 2015 NDVI Absolute Difference from short term mean (1999-2014) from Short Term Mean (2001- 2014)

DJIBOUTI Gulf of Aden DJIBOUTI Gulf of Aden

Awdal Sanag Awdal Sanag Bari Bari W. albeed W. Galbeed Togdheer Togdheer Sool Sool Nugal Nugal

Mudug ETHIOPIA ETHIOPIA Mudug Indian Ocean Indian Ocean Galgadud Galgadud

Hiran Bakool Bakool Hiran

Gedo Bay M. Shabelle Gedo M. Shabelle Bay

M. Juba L. Shabelle M. Juba L. Shabelle

L. Juba L. Juba

Source: TAMSAT, JRC Source: E-MODIS and JRC

Table 1: Observed rain gauge data compared to long term monthly averages (September 2015) Northern Regions Southern Regions

Region Station_Name dek 1 dek 2 dek 3 Nov-15 LTM Region Station_Name dek 1 dek 2 dek 3 Nov-15 LTM Awdal Borama 25.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 9.0 Bakool Hudur 160.0 46.0 20.0 226.0 12.0 Bakool Elbarde 49.0 70.0 0.0 119.0 38.0 Awdal Qulenjeed 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 14.0 Bay Baidoa 70.0 33.0 0.0 103.0 89.0 Wogooyi Galbeed Gebilley 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 Bay Diinsor 138.8 30.0 7.5 176.3 98.0 Wogooyi Galbeed Malawle 55.5 0.0 0.0 55.5 11.0 Bay Bardaale 147.0 0.0 0.0 147.0 63.0 Wogooyi Galbeed Wajaale 11.0 0.0 0.0 11.0 12.0 Bay BurHakaba 45.0 0.0 0.0 45.0 57.0 Wogooyi Galbeed Hargeisa 27.0 0.0 0.0 27.0 8.0 Bay Wanleweyne 48.0 15.0 0.0 63.0 Wogooyi Galbeed Daraweyne 21.0 0.0 0.0 21.0 11.0 Gedo Luuq 48.5 0.0 4.0 52.5 48.0 Wogooyi Galbeed Cadaadley 17.5 0.0 2.0 19.5 12.0 Gedo Bardheere 60.0 0.0 0.0 60.0 116.0 Wogooyi Galbeed Dilla 16.0 0.0 0.0 16.0 12.0 Hiraan Belet weyne 88.5 41.5 0.0 130.0 41.0 Wogooyi Galbeed Aburin 5.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 11.0 Hiraan Bulo burti 64.0 33.0 0.0 97.0 61.0 Hiraan Mataban 82.5 35.0 0.0 117.5 43.0 Wogooyi Galbeed Dhubato 45.0 0.0 0.0 45.0 12.0 Lower Shabelle Balad 6.3 64.3 33.7 104.3 111.0 Wogooyi Galbeed Baligubable 40.5 0.0 0.0 40.5 13.0 Banadir Mogadishu 13.0 41.5 38.4 92.9 72.0 Wogooyi Galbeed Berbera 11.0 0.0 0.0 11.0 1.0 Middle juba Bualle 36.5 0.0 27.0 63.5 79.0 Togdheer Burao 34.5 0.0 0.0 34.5 8.0 Jowhar 58.0 21.0 16.0 95.0 75.0 Togdheer Sheikh 35.0 22.0 0.0 57.0 25.0 Lower Juba Jamame 56.0 57.5 7.0 120.5 19.0 Togdheer Odweyne 12.0 0.0 0.0 12.0 11.0 Togdheer Buadodle 2.3 27.2 0.0 29.5 13.0 *indicates missing data Sanaag Eeerigavo 25.0 12.0 0.0 37.0 5.0 Sanaag Elafweyn 71.0 37.5 29.5 138.0 7.0 Monthly rainfall and NDVI perfomance maps

Sool Caynabo 19.0 0.0 0.0 19.0 13.0 The Mapped NDVI and RFE above represent the differences from Long Term Mean.E-MODIS NDVI is Sool xudun 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 presented as absolute difference from Long Term Mean for the same period (current - long term mean), while TAMSAT-RFE is presented as the relative difference from Long Term Mean (Current*100)/LTM. Sool Taleex 31.0 0.0 0.0 31.0 8.0 Sool Las Aanod 44.5 0.0 0.0 44.5 10.0 Seasonal Trend Graph

Bari Bossasso 10.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 3.0 The maps and graphs on pages 3 and 4 are produced in collaboration with the FOODSEC Action Bari Qardo 0.0 0.0 2.0 2.0 5.0 of the Joint Research Centre of the European Commision. The graphs present seasonal trends of crop specific NDVI (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index) as lines and rainfall values (RFE) as Bari Dangoroyo 14.7 0.0 0.0 14.7 11.0 bars for each of the delineated land cover and administrative units (regions and districts). For more Bari Ballidhin 22.5 0.0 6.2 28.7 9.0 information or request on available data, please send an email to: [email protected]. Bari Alula 154.0 0.0 40.7 194.7 6.0 Primary data sources are NOAA/USGS, European Centre for Medium- range Weather Forecast Bari Bandarbeyla 31.0 0.0 11.0 42.0 11.0 (ECMWF), MARS-JRC, FSNAU and SWALIM. Maps and graphs on this bulletin are produced from four sources. Bari Iskushuban 14.0 8.5 12.0 34.5 6.0 • Current Rainfall Estimates and NDVI data are derived from NOAA/CPC and DEVCOCAST (www. Nugaal Garowe 38.0 0.0 0.0 38.0 11.0 devcocast.eu) respectively, while the rain gauge data is collected by FAO-SWALIM and FEWS- NET. Nugaal Eyl 226.0 0.0 0.0 226.0 15.0 • The seasonal profiles on page 3 and 4 are produced in collaboration with JRC-MARS. For more Nugaal Burtnile 38.1 0.0 0.0 38.1 14.0 information visit http://mars.jrc.europa.eu/mars/About-us/FOODSEC For more information on NDVI visit http://earlywarning.usgs.gov/adds and http://fsausomali.org/fileadmin/uploads/1308.pdf Mudug Galdogob 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.0 Mudug Jarriban 4.0 6.0 0.0 10.0 14.0 • This report is a compilation of climate data and field reports on Somalia that FSNAU and FEWS NET regularly review for analysis. For more information on data sources, please refer to page 2. Mudug Galkayo 26.0 17.5 0.0 43.5 15.0 The TAMSAT informatio is available on http://www.met.reading.ac.uk/tamsat/about/ 2 Seasonal rainfall and NDVI trends by region

Map 11: Agricultural Areas Map 12: Pastoral Areas Togdheer Pastoral (Savannah)

Saanag Pastoral (Savannah)

Source: SWALIM Source: FAO-AFRICOVER

Gedo Pastoral (Open Shrubs) Galgadud Pastoral (Herbaceous) Nugal Pastoral (Savannah) Region Station_Name dek 1 dek 2 dek 3 Nov-15 LTM Bakool Hudur 160.0 46.0 20.0 226.0 12.0 Bakool Elbarde 49.0 70.0 0.0 119.0 38.0 Bay Baidoa 70.0 33.0 0.0 103.0 89.0 Bay Diinsor 138.8 30.0 7.5 176.3 98.0 Bay Bardaale 147.0 0.0 0.0 147.0 63.0 Bay BurHakaba 45.0 0.0 0.0 45.0 57.0 Bay Wanleweyne 48.0 15.0 0.0 63.0 Gedo Luuq 48.5 0.0 4.0 52.5 48.0 Gedo Bardheere 60.0 0.0 0.0 60.0 116.0 Hiraan Belet weyne 88.5 41.5 0.0 130.0 41.0 Hiraan Bulo burti 64.0 33.0 0.0 97.0 61.0 Hiran Agropastoral (Rainfed) Middle Shabelle Agropastoral (Rainfed) Lower Shabelle Riverine (Irrigated) Hiraan Mataban 82.5 35.0 0.0 117.5 43.0 Lower Shabelle Balad 6.3 64.3 33.7 104.3 111.0 Banadir Mogadishu 13.0 41.5 38.4 92.9 72.0 Middle juba Bualle 36.5 0.0 27.0 63.5 79.0 Middle Shabelle Jowhar 58.0 21.0 16.0 95.0 75.0 Lower Juba Jamame 56.0 57.5 7.0 120.5 19.0

Lower Shabelle Agropastoral (Rainfed) Bay Agropastoral (Rainfed) Bakool Agropastoral (Rainfed)

RFE 2015 RFE AVG: 2001-2014 NDVI-C 2015 NDVI-C LTA MEAN (1999-2014)

3 Seasonal rainfall and NDVI trends for selected districts

Odweine Pastoral (Herbaceous) Map 13: Agricultural Areas Map 14: Pastoral Areas

Beletweyn Riverine (Irrigated)

Source: SWALIM Source: FAO-AFRICOVER

Jamame Riverine (Irrigated) Sakow Agropastoral (Rainfed) Adale Agropastoral (Rainfed)

Afmadow Pastoral (Herbaceous) Eyl Open Shrubs Abudwak Pastoral (Herbaceous)

Galkayo Open Shrubs Alula Pastoral (Open Shrubs) Lasanod Pastoral (Herbaceous)

RFE 2015 RFE AVG: 2001-2014 NDVI-C 2015 NDVI-C LTA MEAN (1999-2014)

Technical Partners FSNAU Funding Agencies

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