– PEA OR BEAN FAMILY : herbs, less often vines, shrubs and trees, some with spines Stem: Root: : alternate, usually compound (rarely simple) – most often pinnately but sometimes palmately (or 3’s) divided, toothed or not; stipules present, sometimes becoming spines; swelling (pulvinus) often at base : mostly perfect; irregular (zygomorphic) ‘pea-like’ flowers often in dense heads, sometimes regular (actinomorphic); 4-5 , often tube-like; 5 (rarely 1 or none) petals – often the 2 lower ones join to form the keel, the 2 to the side the wings, and the upper one is termed the banner or standard and external to the others and usually larger; 5-10 to many , often fused; ovary mostly superior,1 pistil, 1 carpel, 2 to numerous ovules : legume; a dry pod, 1-chambered, opening along 2 seams or sutures Other: very large family; common foodstuffs such as peas, soybeans, beans, lentils, and peanuts; as well as hay – clover and alfalfa; some are poisonous; many are ornamentals. Dicotyledons Group (older name is Leguminosae) Genera: 725+ genera; locally, too many genera to list (divided into 3 subfamilies)

WARNING – family descriptions are only a layman’s guide and should not be used as definitive Morphology in the General Plan (many exceptions) – 5 petals (upper banner Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) or standard petal, 2 wing petals (often fused), and 2 keel petals (often fused) – Papilionaceous or Pea type flower)

Examples of some common genera (L-Z)

Everlasting [Perennial] Pea Sundial [Wild] Lupine Nuttall's Sensitive-Briar American [Northern] Wild Senna Lathyrus latifolius L. (Introduced) Lupinus perennis L. ssp. perennis nuttallii (DC. ex Britton Senna hebecarpa (Fern.) & Rose) B.L. Turner Irwin & Barneby

Spotted Medick Purple Locoweed Red Clover Roundheaded Bushclover [Lespedeza] arabica (L.) Huds. Oxytropis lambertii Pursh Trifolium pratense L. (Introduced) Lespedeza capitata Michx. (Introduced)

Bristly Locust [Rose Acacia] [Yellow; White] Sweet Clover Robinia hispida L. Hairy [Winter] Vetch Birdfoot Trefoil Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. Vicia villosa Roth (Introduced) Lotus corniculatus L. (Introduced) FABACEAE – PEA OR BEAN FAMILY

[Singletary] Caley Pea; Lathyrus hirsutus L. (Introduced) Beach Pea; Lathyrus japonicus Willd. Everlasting [Perennial] Pea; Lathyrus latifolius L. (Introduced) Cream Pea [Vetchling]; Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook. Marsh Pea (Vetchling]; Lathyrus palustris L. Shrub Lespedeza; Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. (Introduced) Roundheaded Bushclover [Lespedeza]; Lespedeza capitata Michx. Sericea Lespedeza; Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don (Introduced) Hairy Bush Clover [Lespedeza]; Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem. ssp. hirta Lespedeza capitata Michx. Trailing Lespedeza; Lespedeza procumbens Michx. Slender Bushclover [Lespedeza]; Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britton Birdfoot Trefoil; Lotus corniculatus L. (Introduced) Silvery Lupine; Lupinus argenteus Pursh Sundial [Wild] Lupine; Lupinus perennis L. ssp. Perennis Spotted Medick; Medicago arabica (L.) Huds. (Introduced) Black Medic; L. (Introduced) Alfalfa [Lucerne]; Medicago sativa L. (Introduced) [Yellow; White] Sweet Clover; Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. (Introduced) Nuttall's Sensitive-Briar; Mimosa nuttallii (DC. ex Britton & Rose) B.L. Turner FABACEAE – PEA OR BEAN FAMILY

Sampson's Snakeroot; pedunculatum (Mill.) Rydb. var. pedunculatum Purple Locoweed; Oxytropis lambertii Pursh Silky [White] Locoweed; Oxytropis sericea Nutt. Showy Locoweed; Oxytropis splendens Douglas ex Hook. Silverleaf Indian Breadroot [Scurfpea]; Pediomelum argophyllum (Pursh) J. Grimes Honey [Glandular] Mesquite; Prosopis glandulosa Torr. Slimflower Scurfpea [Scurfy Pea]; Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb. Kudzu; Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S. Almeida (Introduced) Bristly Locust [Rose Acacia]; Robinia hispida L. Black Locust; Robinia pseudoacacia L. Prairie Snoutbean; Rhynchosia latifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray American [Northern] Wild Senna; Senna hebecarpa (Fern.) Irwin & Barneby Southern Wild [Maryland] Senna; Senna marilandica (L.) Link Bigpod Sesbania; Sesbania herbacea (Mill.) McVaugh Mescal Bean [Texas Mountain Laurel]; Sophora secundiflora (Ortega) Lag. ex DC. Wild Bean [Amberique Bean]; Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliott Pink Fussy Bean; Strophostyles umbellata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Britton [Sidebeak] Pencil Flower; Stylosanthes biflora (L.) B.S.P. [Virginia Tephrosia] Goat’s Rue; Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. Spreadfruit Goldenbanner; Thermopsis divaricarpa A. Nelson FABACEAE – PEA OR BEAN FAMILY

Rabbit-Foot Clover; Trifolium arvense L. (Introduced) Field Clover [Pinnate; Low Hop-Clover]; Trifolium campestre Schreb. (Introduced) Alpine [Whiproot] Clover; Trifolium dasyphyllum Torr. & A. Gray Suckling Clover [Least Hop-Clover]; Trifolium dubium Sibthorp (Introduced) Alsike Clover; Trifolium hybridum L. (Introduced) Crimson Clover; Trifolium incarnatum L. (Introduced) Parry's Clover; Trifolium parryi A. Gray Red Clover; Trifolium pratense L. (Introduced) [Annual] Buffalo Clover; Trifolium reflexum L. White Clover; Trifolium repens L. (Introduced) Carolina [Woodland] Vetch; Vicia caroliniana Walter Garden Vetch; Vicia sativa L. (var. segetalis & nigra) (Introduced) Hairy [Winter] Vetch; Vicia villosa Roth (Introduced) Winter Vetch; Vicia villosa Roth ssp. varia (Host) Corb. (Introduced) American Wisteria; Wisteria frutescens (L.) Poir. Chinese Wisteria; Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC. (Introduced) [Singletary] Caley Pea USDA Lathyrus hirsutus L. (Introduced) Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Batesville, Independence County, Arkansas Notes: 5-petaled flower, purple to pinkish to white with a white spot often on banner, keel usually white, 1-1.5 cm, 1-3 flowers, calyx teeth somewhat triangular; leaves compound, leaflets in pairs, linear to narrowly lanceolate; stem winged, stipules narrow, climbing or sprawling with tendrils; fruit pods hairy; late spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2009] Beach Pea USDA Lathyrus japonicus Willd. (several varieties) Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Whitefish Point, Chippewa County, Michigan Notes: 5-petaled flower, red, pink to purple (with white), on ; leaves with 2 to several leaflets, stipules large, triangular with basal lobe, are attached at base; stem not winged; Great Lakes and some northern ocean beaches; late spring to early fall [V Max Brown, 2008] Everlasting [Perennial] Pea USDA Lathyrus latifolius L. (Introduced) Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, rose (pink) to white, on long stalked ; leaves compound, leaflets in pairs; stem wide-winged, stipules wide; climbing or sprawling with tendrils; fruit pods smooth; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2004] Cream Pea [Vetchling] USDA Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook. Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Upper Spearfish Canyon, Lawrence County, South Dakota Notes: vine; 5-petaled flower, creamy white-yellow, calyx smooth, on raceme; leaves pinnate, leaflets opposite, ovate to obovate, large somewhat cordate stipules; stem not winged; fruit a flattened pod; forest and meadow areas, low to high elevation; late spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2014] Marsh Pea [Vetchling] USDA Lathyrus palustris L. Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Pokagon State Park, Steuben County, Indiana Notes: 5-petaled flower, red, pink to purple (white), calyx smooth, on raceme; leaves with 6 (4-12) leaflets, base of stipule with sharp lobe; stem slightly winged or not; marshy or wet areas; late spring to early fall [V Max Brown, 2007] Shrub Lespedeza USDA Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. (Introduced) Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Pigeon River FWA, Lagrange County, Indiana Notes: shrub or sub-shrub (1-3 m); 5-petaled flower, red to purple, calyx lobes about as long as tube of flower, in dense erect racemes; with , 3 leaflets, hairy, about >3x long than wide, terminal leaflet with longer petiole, fine stipules present and persistent; plant erect; may escape from wildlife plots, native of Japan; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2009] Roundheaded Bushclover USDA [Lespedeza] Lespedeza capitata Michx. Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, cream-colored or white with purple marks inside, generally ovoid; leaf short-stalked, 3 leaflets, silvery beneath, mostly >3x long than wide, terminal leaflet with longer petiole, stipules present; plant erect; late summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2006] Sericea Lespedeza USDA Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don (Introduced) Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Greer Springs area, Oregon County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, white, cream-colored to slightly yellowish, usually with a purplish spot, in axils toward top; 3 leaflets, stipules small; stem hair mainly on ridges; plant erect; often planted for erosion control; late summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2007] Hairy Bush Clover [Lespedeza] USDA Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem. ssp. hirta Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, white to cream-colored, inflorescence generally cylindrical, peduncle long; leaf long-stalked, 3 leaflets, ovoid to oblong (length <2x width), stipules small; plant erect and often tall; late summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2007] Trailing Lespedeza USDA Lespedeza procumbens Michx. Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Taum Sauk Mountain State Park, Iron County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, rose to white, inflorescence with usually 6-10 flowers, peduncle long; leaf short- stalked, 3 leaflets, ovoid to oblong (length ~2x width), stipules small; stem with dense spreading hairs; plant trailing on ground; late summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2010] Slender Bushclover [Lespedeza] USDA Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britton Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Chaparral Prairie State Nature Preserve, Adams County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, pink to violet to purple, banner mostly fused, inflorescence crowded and cylindrical, peduncle shorter than subtending leaf; leaf long-stalked, 3 leaflets, linear to oblong (4-6x longer than wide), strigose (appressed hairs on both sides in same direction) or with upper surface nearly glabrous; often in oak woods; late summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2009] Birdfoot Trefoil USDA Lotus corniculatus L. (Introduced) Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, yellow in umbels at end of branches, may become somewhat orange with age; compound leaves with 5 leaflets (odd); no stipules; commonly planted: late spring to early fall [V Max Brown, 2004] Silvery Lupine USDA Lupinus argenteus Pursh Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Near Fraser, Grand County, Colorado Notes: 5-petaled flower, mostly blue to purple (sometimes with white) on raceme, plant can be tall (up to 1 m); leaves alternate in palmate whorls of 6-9+ leaflets, leaflets with flattened hairs beneath – sometimes above; fruit pods hairy; sandy soils, lower plains to subalpine; several varieties; late spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2012] Sundial [Wild] Lupine USDA Lupinus perennis L. ssp. perennis Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, mostly blue (sometimes pink or white) on raceme; leaves in whorls of 7-11 leaflets; sandy soils; late spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2003] Spotted Medick USDA Medicago arabica (L.) Huds. (Introduced) Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Batesville, Independence county, Arkansas Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, yellow in a tight head of a few flowers on long pedicle from leaf axil; compound leaf (3), terminal leaflet not or slightly stalked, brownish to reddish-purple spot on each leaf, stipules well toothed but less than half of width; fruit pods rough and coiled; low spreading plant; late spring to fall [V Max Brown, 2010] Black Medic USDA Medicago lupulina L. (Introduced) Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) U. of Toledo Campus, Toledo, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, yellow in a tight head slightly longer than wide; compound leaf (3), terminal leaflet long stalked, small spike on end of leaflet; fruit pods small, black and coiled; creeping or partially erect plant; late spring to fall [V Max Brown, 2005] Alfalfa [Lucerne] USDA Medicago sativa L. (Introduced) Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, mostly blue or purple (rarely white or yellow); compound leaves (3), note the fine teeth toward the distal end of the leaflets, terminal leaf long stalked; plant erect; late spring to fall [V Max Brown, 2005] [Yellow; White] Sweet Clover USDA Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, white or yellow; compound leaf, 3 leaflets, very finely toothed; tall plant; escapee; late spring to fall [V Max Brown, 2004] Nuttall's Sensitive- USDA Briar Mimosa nuttallii (DC. ex Britton & Rose) B.L. Turner Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) State Hwy 17 at Jacks Fork River bridge, Howell County, Missouri Notes: flowers in spherical head, pink to lavender pink, 8-12 stamens; leaves twice pinnate, 7-12+ paired leaflets, sensitive; stem and petiole with curved prickles; fruit a pod; shrubby plant; late spring to early fall [V Max Brown, 2008] Sampson's Snakeroot USDA (Mill.) Rydb. var. pedunculatum Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Busiek State Forest and Wildlife Area, Christian County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, light blue, banner fused, inflorescence a crowded raceme; 3 leaflets, linear to oblong (4-6x longer than wide, < 2 cm wide), terminal leaflet very long-stalked; fruit round and wrinkled; late spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2010] Purple Locoweed USDA Oxytropis lambertii Pursh Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Near Fraser, Grand County, Colorado Notes: 5-petaled flower, bright pink becoming purple with age, white patch on banner with pink lines, calyx silvery from dense hairs and with small teeth, on terminal spike; leaves basal, leaf pinnate, leaflets narrow elliptical, somewhat pointed, with dense silver hairs above and below; fruit a silky pod; summer [V Max Brown, 2012] Silky [White] Locoweed USDA Oxytropis sericea Nutt. Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Near Fraser, Grand County, Colorado Notes: 5-petaled flower, white to creamy yellow, calyx greenish-yellow and densely silky hairy, on spike (raceme); leaves basal, leaf pinnate, leaflets narrow elliptical to ovate, somewhat pointed, with dense silver hairs above and below; fruit a silky pod; summer [V Max Brown, 2012] Showy Locoweed USDA Oxytropis splendens Douglas ex Hook. Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Grand Lake area, Grand County, Colorado Notes: 5-petaled flower, pink to light purple to blue, terminal raceme with 10-25+ heads, very densely long hairy; leaves basal, leaf pinnate, leaflets narrow elliptical, sharp pointed, with long appressed dense silver hairs above and below; stem densely hairy; fruit a silky pod; summer [V Max Brown, 2012] Silverleaf Indian USDA Breadroot [Scurfpea] Pediomelum argophyllum (Pursh) J. Grimes Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Buffalo gap National Grassland, Pennington, South Dakota Notes: 5-petaled flower (small, < 1cm), deep blue to purple, in whorls on spikes, calyx densely silver hairy; leaves compound, 4-5 leaflets on main stem, 3 leaflets on branches, entire, petiole present, with dense silver or white hairs; stem densely hairy; plant much branched; summer [V Max Brown, 2014] Honey [Glandular] USDA Mesquite Prosopis glandulosa Torr. Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Friedrich Wilderness Park, Bexar County, Texas Notes: shrub to small tree; flowers yellow in dense spikes; twice pinnate leaves, 7-18 pairs of leaflets, leaflets smooth; fruit a long, round and straight pod, and only slightly restricted between seeds; spring [V Max Brown, 2010] Slimflower Scurfpea USDA [Scurfy Pea] Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb. Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Prairie State Park, Barton County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower (very small, ~ 1cm or less), deep blue to purple; leaves compound, 3 leaflets, entire, petiole present but leaflets mostly sessile, small stipules; stem minutely hairy to somewhat glabrous; plant much branched; late spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2011] Kudzu USDA Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S. Almeida (Introduced) Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Watauga Lake Area, Carter County, Tennessee Notes: vine; very long and may be somewhat woody near base; 5-petaled flower, dark red to red-purple with yellow at base; leaves tri-lobed, pubescent below and on edges; stem with long hairs; late summer to early fall [V Max Brown, 2008] Bristly Locust [Rose Acacia] USDA Robinia hispida L. Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, rose to rose-purple; pinnate leaf, 7-13 leaflets; stem woody; very hairy and bristly (hispid) shrub; fruit pods bristly; late spring to summer (several varieties) [V Max Brown, 2005] Black Locust [Yellow Locust] USDA Robinia pseudoacacia L. Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, white, racemes drooping; pinnate leaves, 6-18+ leaflets; bark often deeply furrowed on older trees, paired spines at most nodes; winter buds very small above leaf scar and at nodes; fruit a pod, twigs and leaf not hairy; spring [V Max Brown, 2005] Prairie Snoutbean USDA Rhynchosia latifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Alley Springs, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Shannon County, Missouri Notes: vine-like; 5-petaled flower, yellow, on interrupted terminal spike (raceme), peduncle long; pinnate leaf, 3 leaflets, center leaflet almost oval, very hairy on bottom, long petiole; stem densely hairy; late spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2009] American [Northern] Wild Senna USDA Senna hebecarpa (Fern.) Irwin & Barneby Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, yellow, stamens brown, inflorescence a raceme; leaves pinnate, leaflets of 5-10 pairs, stipules linear and pointed, petiole gland ice-cream cone-like (stalked); often a tall plant and showy; fruit a long pod; summer [V Max Brown, 2007] Southern Wild [Maryland] USDA Senna Senna marilandica (L.) Link Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield, Greene County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, yellow, stamens brown, in racemes; leaves pinnate, leaflets of 5-10 pairs, broad and slightly pointed with a short mucro, stipules linear and pointed, petiole gland club-shaped (stalk with head); fruit a long pod; late summer [V Max Brown, 2010] Bigpod Sesbania USDA Sesbania herbacea (Mill.) McVaugh Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Mingo National Wildlife Refuge, Stoddard County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, light yellow and sometimes spotted with purple, in raceme; leaves pinnate, many leaflets pairs, end blunt with a short mucro, no glands on petiole; stem glabrous and glaucous; fruit a very long nearly round pod; often a very tall plant; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2010] Mescal Bean [Texas USDA Mountain Laurel] Sophora secundiflora (Ortega) Lag. ex DC. Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Friedrich Wilderness Park, Bexar County, Texas Notes: shrub to small tree; 5-petaled flower, blue-purple, in dense racemes; pinnate leaves, 5-11 leaflets, elliptical to ovate, sometimes with a notched tip, thick and leathery; fruit a woody pod with bright red seeds; late winter to spring [V Max Brown, 2010] Wild Bean [Amberique USDA Bean] Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliott Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Otter Slough Conservation Area, Stoddard County, Missouri Notes: vine; 5-petaled flower (small), pink to purplish pink fading to yellowish color, in clusters of 3-5 flowers on very long stem without leaves, flower stalks 1-2 mm, bractlets longer than calyx tube; pinnate leaf (3), terminal leaflet stalked, leaflet base rounded with 1 or 2 blunt lobes usually present; stem hairy; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2017] Pink Fussy Bean USDA Strophostyles umbellata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Britton Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Near Heber Springs, Cleburne County, Arkansas Notes: vine; 5-petaled flower (small), pink to purplish pink fading to yellowish color, solitary or in clusters of 2-5 flowers on very long stem without leaves, banner up to 1.3 cm, flower stalks 1-2 mm, bractlets shorter than calyx tube; pinnate leaf (3), terminal leaflet stalked, leaflet base rounded to angled; upper surface mostly glabrous, lower surface hairy; stem hairy; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2017] [Sidebeak] Pencil Flower USDA Stylosanthes biflora (L.) B.S.P. Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) State Hwy 19, N. Oregon County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, orange-yellow (rarely white), solitary or in clusters at branch ends; compound leaf, leaflets 3, lanceolate, with end bristles; lower stem hairy; plant small, wiry, ascending to erect; summer to early fall [V Max Brown, 2007] [Virginia Tephrosia] USDA Goat’s Rue Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, bicolor (pale yellow to white above and pink to purple below), on terminal spike (raceme); pinnate leaf, leaflets 17-25 (odd); very hairy plant; sandy soils; late spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2005] Spreadfruit Goldenbanner USDA Thermopsis divaricarpa A. Nelson Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Near Fraser, Grand County, Colorado Notes: mostly erect plant; 5-petaled flower (usually 2+ cm), bright yellow, in cluster (raceme), peduncle short; pinnate leaf, 3 similar pointed and elliptical leaflets, paired stipules elliptical and pointed; fruit a pod that is slightly curved to straight and usually somewhat spreading; summer [V Max Brown, 2012] Rabbit-Foot Clover USDA Trifolium arvense L. (Introduced) Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield, Greene County, Missouri Notes: flowers grayish - whitish - pinkish, in oval ‘furry’ head, 5 petals concealed by calyx; leaves pinnate (3), leaflets narrow, silky hairy, stipules long pointed; late spring to fall [V Max Brown, 2010] Field Clover [Pinnate; USDA Low Hop-Clover] Trifolium campestre Schreb. (Introduced) Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, yellow (turning brown in older heads), with obvious ridges or veins, heads with > 15 flowers; leaf pinnate (3), terminal leaflet stalked (longer than other 2), some leaves notched at tip, sessile, stipules present; plant sprawling and very branched; late spring to fall [V Max Brown, 2007] Alpine [Whiproot] Clover USDA Trifolium dasyphyllum Torr. & A. Gray Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado Notes: 5-petaled flower, reddish with large white banner, sessile, in oval head, sepals small, inflorescence bracts thin; leaves basal, pinnate leaf (3), leaflets narrow lanceolate and sharp pointed; stem usually fine hairy; subalpine to alpine environments; summer [V Max Brown, 2012] Suckling Clover [Least Hop-Clover] USDA Trifolium dubium Sibthorp (Introduced) Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower yellow (turning brown in older heads), not prominently veined, heads small (< 15-18 flowers); terminal leaf stalked, some leaves notched at tip, stipules present; plant sprawling and very branched; late spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2007] Alsike [Alsatian] Clover USDA Trifolium hybridum L. (Introduced) Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: flowers white to pink in oval head, short stalked; leaves pinnate (3), branch from stems, petioles of lower leaves longer than leaflets, not marked with white triangles; stipules long pointed; often planted; late spring to fall [V Max Brown, 2005] Crimson Clover USDA Trifolium incarnatum L. (Introduced) Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Van Buren, Crawford County, Arkansas Notes: 5-petaled flower (small), bright crimson or scarlet red, sessile to very short pedicel, in crowded oval head, flower stem without leaves; pinnate leaf (3), middle leaflet sessile or very short stalk, petiole long and hairy, stipule without terminal bristle; stem very hairy; often planted, abundant; spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2011] Parry's Clover USDA Trifolium parryi A. Gray Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado Notes: 5-petaled flower, all petals reddish, sessile, in oval head, 6-12 lanceolate bracts at base of inflorescence; leaves basal, pinnate leaf (3), leaflets narrow lanceolate and sharp pointed, often slightly toothed; stem mostly smooth; subalpine to alpine environments; summer [V Max Brown, 2012] Red Clover USDA Trifolium pratense L. (Introduced) Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, reddish-purple to almost white, sessile, in oval head; pinnate leaf (3), often has white triangular marks on the 3 leaflets; stem usually hairy; often planted, abundant; late spring to fall [V Max Brown, 2004] [Annual] Buffalo Clover USDA Trifolium reflexum L. Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Alley Springs, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Shannon County, Missouri Maumee Notes: 5-petaled flower, white (turning brown with age) with globose heads that nod with age, pedicels fairly long, lobes linear and long; stem hairy as is the rest of the plant usually but may be less, large stipules; pinnate leaf (3), finely toothed leaflets in upper half, sometimes with triangular marks in white; plant erect to leaning, usually branched from near base; fruit in reflexed head; spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2013] White Clover USDA Trifolium repens L. (Introduced) Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, white to pale pink in oval head, short stalked; pinnate leaf (3), finely toothed leaflets, often with triangular marks in white; often planted, creeping, abundant; late may to fall [V Max Brown, 2004] Carolina [Woodland] USDA Vetch Vicia caroliniana Walter Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Shawnee State Forest, Scioto County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, white (sometimes with blue tip, flower small (up to 1.5 cm), lower calyx lobes short, equal and pointed, raceme of usually less than 20 flowers; leaf pinnate, leaflets narrow and somewhat oblong, pointed, usually less than 3 cm, with tendrils; stem sometimes erect but often climbing, tendrils used in climbing; spring [V Max Brown, 2009] Garden Vetch USDA Vicia sativa L. (var. segetalis & nigra) (Introduced) Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Batesville, Independence County, Arkansas Notes: 5-petaled flower, reddish purple, lower calyx lobes equal or slightly longer than corolla tube, 1 but usually 2 flowers from leaf axil on very short peduncles; leaf pinnate, leaflets narrow and somewhat oblong, rounded to truncate and pointed, with tendrils, note stipules; stem somewhat erect but often climbing; spring [V Max Brown, 2010] Hairy [Winter] Vetch USDA Vicia villosa Roth (Introduced) Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Waterville, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, violet-blue to white (often bicolor), mostly on one side of stem, > 1 cm, lower calyx lobes long and pointed, calyx extends beyond pedicle; leaflets narrow and hairy, stipules entire; stem with spreading hairs; tendrils used in climbing; late spring to fall [V Max Brown, 2007] Winter Vetch USDA Vicia villosa Roth ssp. varia (Host) Corb. (Introduced) Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Mingo National Wildlife Refuge, Stoddard County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, violet-blue to whitish, 8-20 flowers mostly on one side of stem, calyx lobes long and pointed, calyx extends beyond pedicle; leaflets elliptical and hairy, stipules entire; stem with fine appressed hairs, tendrils used in climbing; late spring to fall [V Max Brown, 2011] American Wisteria USDA Wisteria frutescens (L.) Poir. Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Mingo National Wildlife Refuge, Stoddard County, Missouri Notes: woody vine; very long (up to 10+ m); 5-petaled flower, white-blue-purple, in hanging racemes up to 25+ cm, showy and fragrant; leaves alternate, pinnately compound, ovate, hairy especially below and on short petiole; stem hairy, no tendrils; fruit a large pod, constricted between seeds, glabrous; wet and swampy areas; spring [V Max Brown, 2010] Chinese Wisteria USDA Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC. (Introduced) Fabaceae (Pea or Bean Family) Cedar Key, Levy County, Florida Notes: aggressive woody vine; 5-petaled pea-type flower, blue to purple, in long racemes (flowers before leaves); leaves alternate, pinnate leaf, 7-13 entire leaflets; stem woody; fruit pods hairy, long and linear; spring (often trained to form a shrub) [V Max Brown, 2011]