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Opskrbljenost Centralnim Funkcijama Stanovništva Novogradiškog Kraja

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Opskrbljenost Centralnim Funkcijama Stanovništva Novogradiškog Kraja HRVATSKI GEOGRAFSKI GLASNIK 80/2, 55−81 (2018.) UDK 338.2:314.7](497.542) Izvorni znanstveni članak 011.3:338](497.542) Original scientific paper DOI 10.21861/HGG.2018.80.02.03 Primljeno / Received Nataša Dragić 04-10-2018 / 2018-10-04 Dražen Njegač Prihvaćeno / Accepted 16-11-2018 / 2018-11-16 Ivan Šulc Opskrbljenost centralnim funkcijama stanovništva novogradiškog kraja Supply of central functions for the population in the Nova Gradiška Area U radu se istražuju centralne funkcije naselja u The paper investigates central functions in the settle- novogradiškom kraju i gravitacija stanovništva prema ments in the Nova Gradiška Area and the commuting gradovima izvan toga prostora radi zadovoljavanja habits of the population towards cities outside the area osnovnih potreba. Centralne funkcije određene su to satisfy basic needs. Central functions were determined na temelju desk-metoda i terenskoga istraživanja, a using desk methods and field survey, and they consisted obuhvatile su funkciju obrazovanja, zdravstva, opskrbe, of education, health services, supply, telecommunication, telekomunikacija i uprave. Gravitacijska usmjerenost and self-government. The frequency, method, and direc- stanovništva utvrđena je na temelju anketnoga istraživanja tion of commuting habits were investigated using a ques- na reprezentativnom uzorku lokalnoga stanovništva, tionnaire survey on a representative sample of the local zasebno za funkcije obrazovanja, zdravstva, opskrbe i population (for the basic functions of education, health kulture. Istraživanje je pokazalo nedovoljnu funkcionalnu services, supply, and culture). The research revealed a lack opremljenost Nove Gradiške i cijeloga promatranog of adequate functions in the City of Nova Gradiška itself prostora zbog čega većina stanovništva povremeno ili and the whole investigated area, which forces majority of redovito cirkulira u druge centre, ponajprije u Slavonski the population to commute occasionally or regularly to Brod i Zagreb, čiji se gravitacijski domet i privlačna snaga other urban centres, particularly to Slavonski Brod and preklapaju na ovom prostoru unatoč razlici u udaljenosti. Zagreb, whose catchment areas overlap in this area, de- Anketno istraživanje pokazalo je da problem čak nije ni u spite the difference in distance. The questionnaire survey broju i vrsti funkcija, nego u njihovoj kvaliteti zbog čega proved that the main problem was not the number or dio ispitanika preferira odlazak u Zagreb jer tamošnje type of functions but their quality, due to which some of usluge drži kvalitetnijima. the respondents preferred to commute to Zagreb, which had a higher perceived quality of services. Ključne riječi: centralne funkcije naselja, opskrba Key words: central functions of settlements, supply of the stanovništva, cirkulacija stanovništva, Nova Gradiška population, commuting habits, Nova Gradiška 55 HRVATSKI GEOGRAFSKI GLASNIK Uvod Introduction 80/2, 55−81 (2018.) Najnoviji društveno-gospodarski trendovi u At the time of writing, socio-economic trends Hrvatskoj pokazuju populacijsko slabljenje i gos- in Croatia show population decline and very slow podarsko zaostajanje velikoga dijela nacionalnog economic progress throughout much of the nation’s teritorija, što je usko povezano s neadekvatnim territory. This is tightly connected to the inade- sustavom centralnih naselja i njihovom opremlje- quate system of central places and their (low) level nošću centralnim funkcijama koje su potrebne of equipment with central functions, needed by the stanovništvu u svakodnevnom životu. Stoga je u population in their everyday life. Therefore, in order zaustavljanju depopulacije i društveno-gospodar- to stop depopulation and to promote socio-eco- skom razvoju prostora nužno uspostavljanje plan- nomic development, it is necessary to establish a ski osmišljenog sustava centralnih naselja sa svim planned system of central places with all functions funkcijama koje su neophodne za osnovno funk- necessary for the basic life of the local community. cioniranje lokalne zajednice. Jedan od tipičnih The western part of Slavonska Posavina represents primjera takvih područja sociodemografske depresije a typical example of the socio-demographic depres- (Nejašmić, 2005), koje se nalazi u području gra- sion area (Nejašmić, 2005), i.e. an area between vitacijskoga dometa većih gradova, a bez snažnije large cities but without a larger centre. It covers the izražena vlastitoga centra, jest zapadni dio Slavon- area of the former Municipality of Nova Gradiška, ske Posavine. Radi se o prostoru nekadašnje Op- which was divided into 11 new self-government ćine Nova Gradiška, na kojem je od 1993. godine units within the County of Brod-Posavina in 1993 ustrojeno 11 jedinica lokalne samouprave unutar (the City of Nova Gradiška and the municipalities Brodsko-posavske županije (Grad Nova Gradiška of Cerje, Davor, Dragalić, Gornji Bogićevci, Nova i općine Cerje, Davor, Dragalić, Gornji Bogićevci, Kapela, Okučani, Rešetari, Stara Gradiška, Staro Nova Kapela, Okučani, Rešetari, Stara Gradiška, Petrovo Selo, and Vrbje). As it is assumed that this Staro Petrovo Selo i Vrbje). Pretpostavlja se da je area still gravitates toward Nova Gradiška, which taj prostor i dalje gravitacijski usmjeren na Novu will be further investigated here, the authors of this Gradišku, što će se dodatno utvrditi u radu, pa se paper used the term “Nova Gradiška Area”. The za njega koristi pojam novogradiški kraj. Glavni je main object of the paper is to investigate the com- predmet rada gravitacijska usmjerenost stanovniš- muting habits of the local population in the Nova tva novogradiškoga kraja prema većim gradskim Gradiška Area towards larger urban centres within centrima unutar i izvan toga prostora radi zadovo- and outside the region in order to satisfy their need ljavanja osnovnih funkcija. for basic functions. Ciljevi ovoga rada su stoga (1) utvrditi opre- The goals of this paper are: (1) to determine the mljenost naselja u novogradiškom kraju central- equipment level in terms of central functions of central nim funkcijama i (2) odrediti stupanj gravitacije places in the Nova Gradiška Area; and (2) to deter- stanovništva Grada Nova Gradiška prema gra- mine the level of dependence of the population of the dovima više hijerarhijske razine u kontinentalnoj City of Nova Gradiška upon cities of a higher hierar- Hrvatskoj. Iz ciljeva proizlazi osnovna hipoteza chic level in the continental part of Croatia. The main koja glasi „što je funkcionalna opremljenost cen- hypothesis generated from the goals is: “The lower the tara u određenom prostoru manja, to je veća gra- functional equipment level of centres in a certain area, vitacija stanovništva prema gradovima izvan toga the higher the intensity of commuting habits of its prostora“. population towards cities outside of that area”. Novogradiški kraj nalazi se na krajnjem za- The Nova Gradiška Area comprises the western- padnom dijelu Slavonske Posavine, pogranično- most part of Slavonska Posavina, a border area oriented ga prostora okupljenog oko regionalnoga centra toward the regional centre Slavonski Brod, stretching Slavonskog Broda i izduženog uz rijeku Savu u along the Sava River from east to west. The region is smjeru istok-zapad. Prirodnu granicu prema sje- naturally delimited by the mountains of Psunj, Babja 56 N. Dragić D. Njegač veru čine gore Psunj, Babja gora i Dilj, čime je Gora, and Dilj in the north, due to which the width of I. Šulc regija stiješnjena u širini od 10 do 30 km u smjeru the region ranges from a mere 10-30 km north to south. Opskrbljenost sjever-jug. U novogradiškom kraju mogu se iz- The Nova Gradiška Area can be divided into four lon- centralnim dvojiti četiri longitudinalne geografske zone (Sić, gitudinal geographical zones (Sić, 1975). The north- funkcijama 1975). Krajnji sjeverni dio čini prigorska zona s ernmost part consists of an upland zone with dispersed stanovništva novogradiškoga izrazito disperznom naseljenošću i slabijom pro- settlements and poor transport connections. Further to kraja metnom povezanošću. Južno se na prigorski pojas the south of the upland strip is a contact zone that rep- nastavlja kontaktna zona koja predstavlja starije resents a historical centre of population concentration Supply of central žarište okupljanja stanovništva s većim naseljima with larger settlements along the old road (constructed functions for the th population in the uz krajišku cestu i željezničku prugu. Južno od in the 18 century when the area was known as the Nova Gradiška Area kontaktne zone nalazi se najniža zona poplavnih Military Frontier) and the railway. The area south of the polja sa slabijom naseljenošću, a tim područjem contact zone is the lowest zone, consisting of flooded prolazi autocesta Bregana – Zagreb – Lipovac, fields with sparse settlements. The Bregana – Zagreb – dio paneuropskoga prometnog koridora X. Kraj- Lipovac Highway, part of the Pan European Transport nji južni pogranični dio regije čini relativno viša Corridor X, crosses this area. The southernmost border ocjedita prisavska zona u kojoj se nalazi veći broj area represents a relatively higher dry zone along the naselja. Sava River with a larger number of settlements. Godine 2011. na površini od 962,6 km2 živjelo In 2011, the Nova Gradiška Area had a total popu- je ukupno 45 207 stanovnika, iz čega proizlazi da lation of 45,207 on a surface area of 962.6 km2, result- je opća gustoća naseljenosti (47,0 st./km2) ispod ing in a population density (47.0 inhabitants per km2) hrvatskoga prosjeka (75,7
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