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Geology of the Sandia Park 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Bernalillo

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Geology of the Sandia Park 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Bernalillo Preliminary Geologic Map of the Sandia Park Quadrangle, Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties, New Mexico By Charles A. Ferguson, J. Michael Timmons, Frank J. Pazzaglia, Karl E. Karlstrom, Glenn R. Osburn, and Paul W. Bauer May, 1996 New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Open-file Digital Geologic Map OF-GM 1 Scale 1:24,000 This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (STATEMAP) under USGS Cooperative Agreement 06HQPA0003 and the New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources. New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, New Mexico, 87801-4796 The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the author and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government or the State of New Mexico. New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources Open-file Report GM1 May 1999 Geology of Sandia Park quadrangle, Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties, New Mexico by Charles A. Ferguson1, J. Michael Timmons2, Frank J. Pazzaglia2, Karl E. Karlstrom2, Glenn R. Osburn3, and Paul W. Bauer4 1Arizona Geological Survey, Tucson, Arizona 85705 2Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 3Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 4New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Socorro, New Mexico 87801 INTRODUCTION The geologic map of the Sandia Park 7fi-min quadrangle than previously mapped. Hornblende 40Ar/39Ar ages of should be of use to many, not just geoscientists. Most of the 34.5±0.2 Ma and 35.02±0.13 Ma were obtained from the main text, however, was written for stratigraphers and structural dike and a plug, respectively, in this area. geologists. Engineers, laypersons, landowners, and those Detailed mapping of the Monte Largo area showed that interested chiefly in the mechanical properties and general the roof of the Sandia pluton is just below the surface and configuration of the rocks should read the structural multi- that the structure and overall composition of the Proterozoic layer section in the structural geology section. With the aid basement does not change significantly across the Tijeras of a basic glossary of geologic terms, it should be compre- synclinorium. The orientation of the intrusive contact seems hensible to most nongeoscientists. to have influenced the location and west-vergent sense of The new detailed mapping of this area has helped to displacement of the Tijeras–Gutierrez fault system during refine interpretation of the structure of the area and to the Laramide. resolve some stratigraphic problems; however, the overall This quadrangle map has been open filed to make it map pattern has not changed significantly, and the structur- available as soon as possible. The map has not been al interpretation of the area as a Laramide contractional belt reviewed according to New Mexico Bureau of Mines and (Kelley and Northrop, 1975) has not changed. Mineral Resources (NMBMMR) standards. Because of the Principal contributions and improvements on the work ongoing nature of work in the area, revision of this map is of Kelley and Northrop (1975) include: 1) definition of the likely. As such, dates of revision will be listed in the upper San Antonito fault zone as an east-vergent reverse fault sys- right corner of the map and on the accompanying report. tem and recognition of a pervasive set of associated The contents of the report and map should not be considered north–northwest-striking short-wavelength folds; 2) recog- final and complete until it is published by the NMBMMR. nition of a pervasive set of synthetic riedel shears along ACKNOWLEDGMENTS—Mapping of this quadrangle was Tijeras fault and parts of the Gutierrez fault indicating prob- funded by a matching-funds grant from the 1995 able mid-Tertiary and younger sinistral slip along the fault STATEMAP program of the National Geologic Mapping Act system; 3) discovery of a sliver of Proterozoic granite along coordinated by the U.S. Geological Survey and the New the Tijeras fault that helps to set a lower limit of sinistral off- Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources (Charles E. set (about 1 km); and 4) discovery of important upper Chapin, Director). We would like to thank Orin Anderson Turonian guide fossils in the poorly exposed Mancos Shale and John Bloch for their assistance with Mesozoic lithostrat- of the Tijeras synclinorium. igraphic and biostratigraphic correlations. Thanks also to We found it difficult to define the Abo–Yeso contact pre- Gary Smith for discussions regarding Pennsylvanian stratig- cisely in this area, and this problem was dealt with by map- raphy. Ferguson would like to thank the Bloch family, ping the two units together.A small intrusive complex in the Christopher McKee, and Kentlin J. Keebler for logistical lower San Pedro Creek area was found to be more extensive assistance. NEOGENE–QUATERNARY SURFICIAL GEOLOGY shoulder (Sandia Mountains) of the Rio Grande rift in the Physiography and geomorphic setting west and the relatively undeformed High Plains in the east. The Sandia Park quadrangle encompasses a region of Elevations range from 7,934 ft on the Sandia Mountains to moderate topographic relief between the uplifted rift-flank 6,100 ft in the San Pedro Creek valley where it flows out of the quadrangle in the north. The Monte Largo Hills rise in into the Hagan Basin. The pediment is buried by several the east-central part of the quadrangle with as much as 800 meters (locally as many as 10 m) of coarse-grained, sub- ft of relief. Elsewhere, the landscape is much more gentle, rounded gravel of Ortiz Mountain provenance named the exhibiting on average approximately 200 ft of local relief Tuerto gravels (Stearns, 1953) for exposures along Tuerto between stream valleys and adjacent interfluves. Arroyo. An important characteristic of these gravels is that The quadrangle could be broadly subdivided into three they are locally indurated and hold a steep vertical face geomorphic terranes based on the primary surficial deposits along incised valley sides. This induration is in part a reflec- and local topography. Surficial deposits of significant thick- tion of a very well developed weathering profile character- ness and continuity are rare on the steep dip slope of the ized by a large accumulation of pedogenic calcium carbon- Sandia Mountains and along a northeast-trending band of ate. relatively high relief represented by the Monte Largo Hills The age of the Ortiz pediment and Tuerto gravels is not and the uplands west of Gutierrez Canyon. The lower- well known. Projection of the pediment west into the Rio standing topography in the southern three-fourths of the Grande rift suggests that the basalt-capped mesas west of quadrangle is relatively unincised and mantled with thin, the Rio Grande may be axial stream equivalent surfaces. predominantly fine-grained alluvial and colluvial deposits. Correlation of surfaces based strictly on elevation, especial- In contrast, the northern one-quarter of the quadrangle is ly when the surfaces are projected across major rift-bound- more deeply incised and preserves rather coarse-grained ing faults, cannot be used as reliable age contro l . alluvial-fan and pediment-gravel deposits on broad, low- Nevertheless, these correlations have been proposed, and gradient interfluves. they suggest a Pliocene age for the Ortiz pediment based on the age of the basalts capping the mesas in the rift. Drainages Kelley (1977) was the first to consider regional correla- The Sandia Park quadrangle is drained primarily by the tions of geomorphic surfaces in his compilation of the north-flowing San Pedro Creek and its major tributaries, Albuquerque Basin map. Kelley (1977) and Kelley and Frost Arroyo and Arroyo Armijo. A small area of the south- Northrop (1975) mapped several high-level gravel deposits western part of the quadrangle forms the headwaters of the in the Sandia Park quadrangle and suggested that some of south-flowing Tijeras Arroyo. these deposits might be southern equivalents of the Ortiz San Pedro Creek is an ephemeral and/or intermittent pediment gravels (Tuerto gravels) farther north. High-level stream from its headwaters to San Pedro Spring. Down- surficial deposits in the Sandia Park quadrangle, that is s t ream (north) of San Pedro Spring, San Pedro Cre e k those gravels that lie more than 100–200 ft above local grade, assumes a more perennial character except during the late have a similar elevation to the Tuerto gravels. In composi- summer and early fall. Alluvium in the active channel is tion and weathering characteristics, Sandia Park high-level rarely more than 2 m thick, and bedrock is everywhere near deposits are highly variable. Nowhere are the very well the channel bed. Locally, such as at San Pedro Spring and in developed weathering profiles of the Tuerto gravels the northern quarter of the quadrangle, the stream flows on observed. It is this author’s opinion that most high-level a bedrock channel. San Pedro Creek is a major tributary to deposits in the Sandia Park quadrangle are either inset Arroyo Tonque, the master drainage and regional base-level below the Ortiz pediment or are younger Quaternary-age control in the Hagan Basin to the north. A longitudinal pro- deposits that have reworked and/or prograded across the file (Fig. 1) of San Pedro Creek through the Sandia Park southern equivalent of the Ortiz pediment. These quadrangle shows that it has a straight profile with several Quaternary units include the extensive older alluvial-fan small knickpoints and one major convexity/knickpoint and pediment/fan deposits preserved in the northern quar- approximately 2 km south of where the stream flows out of ter of the quadrangle at elevations between 6,800 ft and 6,400 the quadrangle to the north.
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