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ECONOMICS of OUT- and Nat DOCUMENT RESUME ED 058 998 RC 005 937 TITLE RecreationSymposiumProceedings. The Forest RecreationSymposium(State University of NewYork College of Forestry, Syracuse,12-14 October 1971). Darby, Pa. Northeastern INSTITUTION Forest Service (DOA), Upper Forest ExperimentStation.; State Univ. of NewYork, Syracuse. Coll. of Forestry. PUB DATE 71 NOTE 217p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$9.87 Development; Management; DESCRIPTORS Athletic Activities; Personality Studies; *Planning;*Program Development; *Recreation; RecreationalActivities; Recreationists; *Research Needs; Resources;*Symposia ABSTRACT In this collectionof 26 papers presented atthe 1971 information is Forest RecreationSymposiumheld at Syracuse, N.Y., presented about the forest resourceand forest recreationresearch. of the planner and the The symposium, designedto help meet the needs manager in bothpublic and private areas of the forest recreation resource, covered 5general areas:(1) Planning andDeveloping the Recreation Resource,(2) Managing theRecreation Resource, (3) Characterizing the RecreationUser,(4) Specific Managerial Considerations Related to UserCharacteristics, and (5) A Lookat the Research Task Ahead. Amongthespecific topicscovered were the recreation-resource inventory process,predicting values of design of facilities,economicsof recreation participation, analysis recreation development andprivate-recreation enterprises, ranking systems, multiple usefor recreation of environmental-quality of recreation in the East, law enforcement,and carrying capacity areas. Includedare 337references. (MJB) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO- DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG- INATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN- IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU- CATION POSITION OR POLICY. 15 P 11U 44. CEE INGS tel ..7),". vf viemplit a. Planned and Presented by: " -a. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Xlr 11111.91116._- Forest Service and State University of New York 1 4 College of Forestry vr 2c, in Conjunction with The Pinchot Institute for trt Environmental Forestry Research: Consortium for Environmental - Forestry Studies 4 Air 4 t, 4 . 4,14. II 14 NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION FOREST SERVICE, U.S. DEPARTMENT OFAGRICULTURE UPPER DARBY, PA. 1971 . WARREN T. DOOLITTLE, DIRECTOR THE FOREST .6 RECREATION SYMPOSIUM Held at State University of New York Collegeof Forestry, Syracuse, New York 12-14 October 1971 SPONSORED BY State University of New York College of Forestry USDA Forest Service: Northeastern Forest Experiment Station Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry National Recreation and Park Association New York State Office of Parks and Recreation New York State Department of EnvironmentalConservation PLANNED AND ORGANIZED BY General chairmen: W. T. Doolittle and R. E. Getty Program: E. L. Shafer, G. H. Moeller, H. E. Echelberger,D. Morrison, and W. F. La Page Local arrangements: A. Hamer and H. E. Echelberger. Publicity: H. Marx, R. Cochran, and R. F. Johnson Editor: E. vH. Larson Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 1971. Recreation Symposium ProcPedings. 211 pp.USDA NE. Forest Exp. Sta., Upper Darby, Pa. A collection of 26 papers presented at the RecreationSymposium held in October 1971 at Syracuse, N.Y., bringing together present knowledge about the forest recreation resource and forest recreation research. The Symposium was designed to help meet the needsof the planner and the manager in both public and private areasof the forest recreation resource. 907.2 2 FOREWORD FOREST RECREATION RESOURCE planncrs and managcrs arc busy people. The surge in demand for recreation in recent years, including all kinds of leisure-time activitics, has all but overwhelmed thc pcoplc who mast allocatc thc ncccssary funds and rcsourccs, design anddevclop thc appro- priate equipment and facilities, and maintain and manage the recreation re- source. This Symposium was designed to hclp mcctthese needs of thc planncr and managcr in both thc public and private arcas of thc forest-recreation community. Ovcr the last scvcral dccadcs, forest-recreation rcscarch rcsults have appcarcd in all typcs of publications from one-pagc how-to-do-it pamphlets to volumi- nous works on thcorctical approaches for an arrayof rccrcation-managcmcnt problems. Thc decision-maker nccds considerable timc and money to scarch through this litcraturc before hc finds an answcr to his particular problem. The papers that appcar in thcsc Proceedings wcrc prcparcd in attempts to consolidate and synthesize past rcscarch efforts over a widc rangc of recreation subject-matter areas. At thc samc timc, cach paper includcs a wealth of refer- ence material that should be hclpful to anyoncwho wishcs to pursuc a givcn subject in morc dcpth. But, most important, the authors havc written thcir papers so that planncrs and managcrs can undcrstandthe important aspccts of cach subject without having to fight thcir way through complicatedformulas, thcorctical conccpts, or dctailcd explanations. Whcrcvcr feasible, the authors havc simplificd the so-callcd complicated aspccts of spccific conccpts by pro- viding practical cxamplcs of how thc planning and managing thcory works, or does not work, for variouslevels of recreation activities and rcsourcc conditions. When this Symposium was bcing developed, almost a ycar and a half ago, many of thc researchers who wcrc asked toparticipatc rcmarkcd that if wc waited a fcw more ycars they would have morc rcscarch results to rcinforcc or cxpand thcir present data. Such is thc lamentof cvcry rcscarchcr. Forest- recreation planncrs and managcrs cannot wait a "few morc years"; thcy want answcrs now, even though the answers may be subject to accrtain degree of crror. To paraphrasc an old saying, "It is bcttcr to havc had afcw answcrs to improve thc dccision-making proccss than ncvcr to havc had any answcrs at all.' So we hopc that thc information prcscntcd hcrc, although far from perfect, will rcsult in better forest-recreation decision-making. And if that is thc cnd rcsult, our ultimate objective for conducting thc Symposium will have been accomplished. Furthermore, we hope this Sym- posium will scrvc as a catalyst for futurc sunimarizations of rccrcation research rcsults for planning and managing purposcs. W. T. DOOLITTLE and R. E. GETTY 3 CONTENTS Planning and Developing the Recreation Resource TIIE RECREATION-RESOURCE INVENTORY PROC- ESS FOR STATE AND REGIONAL PLANS: Hugh C. Davis PREDICTING QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE VALUES OF RECREATION PARTICIPATION: Elwood L. Shafer and George H. Moeller 5 DESIGN AND LAYOUT OF RECREATION FACILITIES: Howard Orr 23 THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF RECREATION DEVEL- OPMENT: A SYNOPSIS: Wendell G. Beardsley 28 PRIVATE RECREATION ENTERPRISE ECONOMICS: Malcolm I. Beyins 33 AN ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY RANKING SYSTEMS: Julius Fabos 40 Managing the Recreation Resource PRESERVING NATURE IN FORESTED WILDERNESS AREAS AND NATIONAL PARKS: Miron L. Heinselnian 57 UNDERSTANDING THE VISUAL RESOURCE: Floyd Newby 68 EXTERNAL BENEFITS OF NATURAL ENVIRON- MENTS: Larry W. Tombaugh 73 INVENTORYING RECREATION USE: George A. James78 MULTIPLE USE MANAGEMENT FOR RECREATION IN THE EAST: Robert L. Prausa 96 Characterizing the Recreation User THE CAMPER: Gerald L. Cole and Bruce T. Wilkins 105 HIKERS AND OTHER TRAIL USERS: Robert C. Lucas 113 MEMBERSHIP IN CONSERVATION GROUPS AND OUTDOOR CLUBS: John C. Hendee 123 HUNTER-F1SHERMEN CHARACTERISTICS: FACTORS IN WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AND POLICY DECI- SIONS: Robert S. Bond and James C. Whittaker 128 THE SKIER: HIS CHARACTERISTICS AND PREFER- ENCES: William A. Leuschner and Roscoe B. Herrington135 THE SNOWMOBILE: John W. Hetherington 143 Specific Managerial Considerations Related to User Characteristics UNDESIRABLE BEHAVIOR IN FOREST CAMP- GROUNDS: Roger N. Clark 150 PERSPECTIVES ON LAW ENFORCEMENT IN REC- REATION AREAS: Lawrence C. Hadley 156 COMMUNICATING WITH RECREATION VISITORS: J. Alan Wagar 161 FACILITY REHABILITATION: Edwin H. Ketchledge 166 CARRYING CAPACITY: MAINTAINING OUTDOOR RECREATION QUALITY: David W. Lime andGeorge H. Stankey 174 A Look at the Research Task Ahead CULTURAL "FOGWEED" AND OUTDOOR RECREA- TION RESEARCH: Wilbur F. La Page 186 AN OPINION ON THE FUTURE OF FOREST REC- REATION RESEARCH: John F. Hamilton 194 EXPANDING AND STRENGTHENING OUTDOOR RECREATION RESEARCH: Walter S. Hopkins 197 -THE CHALLENGE OF RECREATION PLANNING: METHODOLOGY AND FACTORS TO CONSIDER: Ronald Uleck 200 . Planning & Developingthe Recreation Resource THE RECREATION-RESOURCE INVENTORY PROCESS FORSTATE AND REGIONAL PLANS by HUGH C. DAVIS, Associate Professorof Resource Planning, Department of Landscape Architecture,University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass. ABSTRACT. The establishment of guidelines foridentifying recrea- tion resources in the inventorying processshould be limitea to conditions and characteristics of the natural resourcesthemselves. This requires not only that we define recreation,but also that we prescribe the combination of resources necessary to carryon a variety of recreational activities. THIS PAPER dealswith conceptscan be collated withthe specific sites iden- rather than techniques. The traditional tified. Coupled with on-site investigations, approach to the topic is how to makea strong economic,social, and physical an inventory of recreation resources.Thiscase can be presentedfor the desirability has been discussed in several governmentof one site over another. publications and new approaches have been But what are
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