Undiscovered South India
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11.13 Karnataka
11.13 KARNATAKA 11.13.1 Introduction Karnataka, the seventh largest State of the country, with a geographical area of 1,91,791 sq km accounts for 5.83% of the geographical area of the country. The State is located in the south western region of India and lies between 11°30' N to 18°30' N latitudes and 74°00' E to 78°30' E longitudes and is bordered by Maharashtra and Goa in the North, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in the east, Kerala & Tamil Nadu on the South and the Arabian Sea on the West. The State can be divided into two distinct physiographic regions viz the 'Malnad' or hilly region comprising Western Ghats and 'Maidan' or plain region comprising the inland plateau of varying heights. The average annual rainfall varies from 2,000 mm to 3,200 mm and the average annual temperature between 25°C and 35°C. The Western Ghats, which has an exceptionally high level of biological diversity and endemism, covers about 60% of forest area of the State. East flowing rivers in Karnataka mainly Cauvery & Krishna along with its tributaries drain into Bay of Bengal and west flowing rivers mainly Sharavathi & Kali drain into Arabian Sea. The State has 30 districts, amongst which 5 are tribal and 6 are hill districts. As per the 2011 census, Karnataka has a population of 61.13 million, which is 5.05% of India's population. The rural and urban populations constitute 61.43% and 38.57% respectively. Tribal population is 6.96% of the State's population. -
World Heritage Sites in India
World Heritage Sites in India drishtiias.com/printpdf/world-heritage-sites-in-india A World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by UNESCO for its special cultural or physical significance. The list of World Heritage Sites is maintained by the international 'World Heritage Programme', administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) seeks to encourage the identification, protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity. This is embodied in an international treaty called the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted by UNESCO in 1972. India has 38 world heritage sites that include 30 Cultural properties, 7 Natural properties and 1 mixed site. Watch Video At: https://youtu.be/lOzxUVCCSug 1/11 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization It was founded in 1945 to develop the “intellectual and moral solidarity of mankind” as a means of building lasting peace. It is located in Paris, France. Cultural Sites in India (30) Agra Fort (1983) 16th-century Mughal monument Fortress of red sandstone It comprises the Jahangir Palace and the Khas Mahal, built by Shah Jahan; audience halls, such as the Diwan-i-Khas Ajanta Caves (1983) Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda, Bihar (2016) Remains of a monastic and scholastic institution dating from the 3 rd century BCE to the 13th century CE. Includes stupas, shrines, viharas (residential and educational buildings) and important artworks in stucco, stone and metal. Considered to be the most ancient university of the Indian Subcontinent. -
Western Ghats & Sri Lanka Biodiversity Hotspot
Ecosystem Profile WESTERN GHATS & SRI LANKA BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT WESTERN GHATS REGION FINAL VERSION MAY 2007 Prepared by: Kamal S. Bawa, Arundhati Das and Jagdish Krishnaswamy (Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology & the Environment - ATREE) K. Ullas Karanth, N. Samba Kumar and Madhu Rao (Wildlife Conservation Society) in collaboration with: Praveen Bhargav, Wildlife First K.N. Ganeshaiah, University of Agricultural Sciences Srinivas V., Foundation for Ecological Research, Advocacy and Learning incorporating contributions from: Narayani Barve, ATREE Sham Davande, ATREE Balanchandra Hegde, Sahyadri Wildlife and Forest Conservation Trust N.M. Ishwar, Wildlife Institute of India Zafar-ul Islam, Indian Bird Conservation Network Niren Jain, Kudremukh Wildlife Foundation Jayant Kulkarni, Envirosearch S. Lele, Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Environment & Development M.D. Madhusudan, Nature Conservation Foundation Nandita Mahadev, University of Agricultural Sciences Kiran M.C., ATREE Prachi Mehta, Envirosearch Divya Mudappa, Nature Conservation Foundation Seema Purshothaman, ATREE Roopali Raghavan, ATREE T. R. Shankar Raman, Nature Conservation Foundation Sharmishta Sarkar, ATREE Mohammed Irfan Ullah, ATREE and with the technical support of: Conservation International-Center for Applied Biodiversity Science Assisted by the following experts and contributors: Rauf Ali Gladwin Joseph Uma Shaanker Rene Borges R. Kannan B. Siddharthan Jake Brunner Ajith Kumar C.S. Silori ii Milind Bunyan M.S.R. Murthy Mewa Singh Ravi Chellam Venkat Narayana H. Sudarshan B.A. Daniel T.S. Nayar R. Sukumar Ranjit Daniels Rohan Pethiyagoda R. Vasudeva Soubadra Devy Narendra Prasad K. Vasudevan P. Dharma Rajan M.K. Prasad Muthu Velautham P.S. Easa Asad Rahmani Arun Venkatraman Madhav Gadgil S.N. Rai Siddharth Yadav T. Ganesh Pratim Roy Santosh George P.S. -
Sporadic Prevalence of DF/DHF in the Nilgiri and Cardamom
Sporadic Prevalence of DF/DHF in the Nilgiri and Cardamom Hills of Western Ghats in South India: Is it a Seeding from Sylvatic Dengue Cycle – A Hypothesis Nand Lal Kalra* and Chusak Prasittisuk**# *A-38, Swasthaya Vihar, Vikas Marg, Delhi – 110 092 **Regional Office for South-East Asia, World Health Organization, New Delhi, India Abstract The Western Ghats of south India, encompassing the Nilgiri and Cardamom hills, are the wettest region of the country. Hills rising upto 3,000 metres receive over 200 cm of rainfall from both the south-west monsoon (June to September) and north-eastern monsoon (October to January). The eastern slopes of the Nilgiri Hills (200-500 metres) are bounded by Coimbatore and Erode districts of Tamil Nadu; whereas the western slopes of the Nilgiri and Cardamom hills are in the state of Kerala. The countryside has rich forests of teak and sandalwood, interspersed by groves of coconut, rubber, pepper, cardamom and banana plantations. Apart from the rich flora, monkeys Macaca( radiata) maintain a strong association in orchards with humans competing for food. The emergence of DF/DHF in this hilly region is a recent occurrence. An epidemiological team from the National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD) investigated the first-ever reported outbreak in Coimbatore in 1998. In all, 20 serological positive (IgM) cases were recorded by the city corporation. Five cases came from urban towns and 15 cases from rural areas of the two districts of Coimbatore and Erode. Rural cases were scattered in distantly located villages. Pyramid characterization and clustering of cases was conspicuously absent. -
The High Deccan Duricrusts of India and Their Significance for the 'Laterite
The High Deccan duricrusts of India and their significance for the ‘laterite’ issue Cliff D Ollier1 and Hetu C Sheth2,∗ 1School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, W.A. 6009, Australia. 2Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India. ∗e-mail: [email protected] In the Deccan region of western India ferricrete duricrusts, usually described as laterites, cap some basalt summits east of the Western Ghats escarpment, basalts of the low-lying Konkan Plain to its west, as well as some sizeable isolated basalt plateaus rising from the Plain. The duricrusts are iron-cemented saprolite with vermiform hollows, but apart from that have little in common with the common descriptions of laterite. The classical laterite profile is not present. In particular there are no pisolitic concretions, no or minimal development of con- cretionary crust, and the pallid zone, commonly assumed to be typical of laterites, is absent. A relatively thin, non-indurated saprolite usually lies between the duricrust and fresh basalt. The duricrust resembles the classical laterite of Angadippuram in Kerala (southwestern India), but is much harder. The High Deccan duricrusts capping the basalt summits in the Western Ghats have been interpreted as residuals from a continuous (but now largely destroyed) laterite blan- ket that represents in situ transformation of the uppermost lavas, and thereby as marking the original top of the lava pile. But the unusual pattern of the duricrusts on the map and other evidence suggest instead that the duricrusts formed along a palaeoriver system, and are now in inverted relief. -
Small Carnivores of Karnataka: Distribution and Sight Records1
Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 104 (2), May-Aug 2007 155-162 SMALL CARNIVORES OF KARNATAKA SMALL CARNIVORES OF KARNATAKA: DISTRIBUTION AND SIGHT RECORDS1 H.N. KUMARA2,3 AND MEWA SINGH2,4 1Accepted November 2006 2 Biopsychology Laboratory, University of Mysore, Mysore 570 006, Karnataka, India. 3Email: [email protected] 4Email: [email protected] During a study from November 2001 to July 2004 on ecology and status of wild mammals in Karnataka, we sighted 143 animals belonging to 11 species of small carnivores of about 17 species that are expected to occur in the state of Karnataka. The sighted species included Leopard Cat, Rustyspotted Cat, Jungle Cat, Small Indian Civet, Asian Palm Civet, Brown Palm Civet, Common Mongoose, Ruddy Mongoose, Stripe-necked Mongoose and unidentified species of Otters. Malabar Civet, Fishing Cat, Brown Mongoose, Nilgiri Marten, and Ratel were not sighted during this study. The Western Ghats alone account for thirteen species of small carnivores of which six are endemic. The sighting of Rustyspotted Cat is the first report from Karnataka. Habitat loss and hunting are the major threats for the small carnivore survival in nature. The Small Indian Civet is exploited for commercial purpose. Hunting technique varies from guns to specially devised traps, and hunting of all the small carnivore species is common in the State. Key words: Felidae, Viverridae, Herpestidae, Mustelidae, Karnataka, threats INTRODUCTION (Mukherjee 1989; Mudappa 2001; Rajamani et al. 2003; Mukherjee et al. 2004). Other than these studies, most of the Mammals of the families Felidae, Viverridae, information on these animals comes from anecdotes or sight Herpestidae, Mustelidae and Procyonidae are generally records, which no doubt, have significantly contributed in called small carnivores. -
Land Use Change Increases Wildlife Parasite Diversity in Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, 2 India
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/645044; this version posted May 22, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Land Use Change Increases Wildlife Parasite Diversity in Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, 2 India 3 Debapriyo Chakraborty1,2, D. Mahender Reddy1, Sunil Tiwari1, Govindhaswamy 4 Umapathy1* 5 1 CSIR-Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, Centre for Cellular and 6 Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500048, India 7 2 Present address: EP57 P C Ghosh Road, Kolkata 700048, India 8 *[email protected] 9 10 ABSTRACT 11 Anthropogenic landscape change such as land use change and habitat fragmentation are 12 known to alter wildlife diversity. Since host and parasite diversities are strongly connected, 13 landscape changes are also likely to change wildlife parasite diversity with implication for 14 wildlife health. However, research linking anthropogenic landscape change and wildlife 15 parasite diversity is limited, especially comparing effects of land use change and habitat 16 fragmentation, which often cooccur but may affect parasite diversity substantially 17 differently. Here, we assessed how anthropogenic land use change (presence of plantation, 18 livestock foraging and human settlement) and habitat fragmentation may change the 19 gastrointestinal parasite diversity of wild mammalian host species (n=23) in Anamalai hills, 20 India. We found that presence of plantations, and potentially livestock, significantly 21 increased parasite diversity due possibly to spillover of parasites from livestock to wildlife. 22 However, effect of habitat fragmentation on parasite diversity was not significant. -
The Evolution of the Temple Plan in Karnataka with Respect to Contemporaneous Religious and Political Factors
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 22, Issue 7, Ver. 1 (July. 2017) PP 44-53 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org The Evolution of the Temple Plan in Karnataka with respect to Contemporaneous Religious and Political Factors Shilpa Sharma 1, Shireesh Deshpande 2 1(Associate Professor, IES College of Architecture, Mumbai University, India) 2(Professor Emeritus, RTMNU University, Nagpur, India) Abstract : This study explores the evolution of the plan of the Hindu temples in Karnatak, from a single-celled shrine in the 6th century to an elaborate walled complex in the 16th. In addition to the physical factors of the material and method of construction used, the changes in the temple architecture were closely linked to contemporary religious beliefs, rituals of worship and the patronage extended by the ruling dynasties. This paper examines the correspondence between these factors and the changes in the temple plan. Keywords: Hindu temples, Karnataka, evolution, temple plan, contemporary beliefs, religious, political I. INTRODUCTION 1. Background The purpose of the Hindu temple is shown by its form. (Kramrisch, 1996, p. vii) The architecture of any region is born out of various factors, both tangible and intangible. The tangible factors can be studied through the material used and the methods of construction used. The other factors which contribute to the temple architecture are the ways in which people perceive it and use it, to fulfil the contemporary prescribed rituals of worship. The religious purpose of temples has been discussed by several authors. Geva [1] explains that a temple is the place which represents the meeting of the divine and earthly realms. -
Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, New Delhi, India 1
Indira Gandhi National Centre For the Arts, New Delhi, India 1 ARCHITECTURE ARTICLES Alexander Mack, The Temple district of Vitthalapura, New light on Hampi- Recent reseaches at Vijayanagara, Eds. John M. Fritz and George Michell, Marg Publications, Bombay, 2001, pp. 24-39. This article deals with Vitthalapura, a suburb of Vijayanagara, which served as centre of pilgrimage, and also as a day to day business centre for local residents. The boundaries and features of Vitthalapura, the Alvar temples which are architecturally very significant are discussed. The residents and their structural remains are also noted. The busy bazaars and the agricultural activities extended around the Vitthala Temple. Anila Verghese, Mandapas in Vijayanagara Temples, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bombay, 7 ( New Series). * * * Anila Verghese and Dieter Eigner, A Monastic Complex in Vitthalapura, Hampi – Vijayanagara, Journal of South Asian Studies, Vol. 4, 1998, pp. 127-140. * * * Anila Verghese, Krishnadevaraya’s Monument of Victory, the Krishna Temple at Vijayanagara, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bombay, 71 (New Series), 197-207, 1996c. * * * Anila Verghese, The Tiruvengalanatha Temple in Krishnapura, Vijayanagara, Progress of Research 1988-91, Eds. D.V Devraj and Channabasappa, S. Patil, Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Mysore, 1996 a, pp. 179-191. This article speaks about the Tiruvengalanatha temple situated near the Uaddana Virabhadra Temple at Krishnapurapete. This was built in 1545 A.D. Its architecture, sculpture and iconography are explained. The evolution of temple architecture and the religious situation prior to and after the destruction of the city of Vijayanagara are discussed here. Anila Verghese, The Virupaksa Temple of A.D. -
State of Conservation Report Regarding Progress So Far Made with Regard to the Recommendations of the World Heritage Committee in Decision 37COMB.61
Name of the Property: Group of Monuments at Hampi (India) (C 241) State of Conservation report regarding progress so far made with regard to the recommendations of the World Heritage Committee in Decision 37COMB.61. 1. Response from the State Party to the World Heritage Committee’s Decision, 37 COM 7B.61 , paragraph by paragraph A. Removal of debris of the collapsed bridge and the relocation of the vehicular bridge outside of the property; The Public Works Department of Government of Karnataka, has resumed the work of removing the remaining part of the collapsed bridge viz., debris, columns and carriageway, without disturbing the nearby cultural resources, by adopting state of the art technology and the work is almost complete. As regards the relocation of the vehicular bridge, cultural impact assessment study has been completed and location of the vehicular bridge as recommended in the impact assessment study has been identified. B. Completed Integrated Management Plan together with a synthesis and a prioritisation of existing recommendations and intentions, for review by the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies - The Integrated Management Plan (draft already submitted to the WHC in 2006) gives an overall framework for the Management & protection of Hampi World Heritage Site. It is reiterated that as per the draft IMP recommendations the following actions have been implemented since January 2006 by Government of Karnataka and Archaeological Survey of India. Sno IMP recommendation Agency 1 Preparing a official Base Map HWHAMA -
Rainfall Changes Over Tropical Montane Cloud Forests of Southern
RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 15. Hirsch, R., Ternes, T., Haberer, K. and Kratz, K. L., Occurrence especially during summer monsoon season. The high- of antibiotics in the aquatic environment. Sci. Total Environ., est level of reduction for summer monsoon season was 1999, 225, 109–118. observed at Gavi rainforest station (>20 mm/14 years) 16. Hartmann, A., Golet, E. M., Gartiser, S., Alder, A. C., Koller, T. in Kerala followed by Venniyar (>20 mm/20 years) and Widmer, R. M., Primary DNA damage but not mutagenicity site in Tamil Nadu. Average annual and total precipi- correlates with ciprofloxacin concentrations in German hospital wastewater. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 1999, 36, 115–119. tation increased during the study period irrespective 17. Jarnheimer, P. A. et al., Fluoroquinolone antibiotics in a hospital of the seasons over Periyar area, and the greatest sewage line; occurrence, distribution and impact on bacterial resis- values were recorded for season 2 (>25 mm/28 years). tance. Scand. J. Infect. Dis., 2004, 36, 752–755. Positive trends for winter monsoon rainfall has been 18. Hartmann, A., Alder, A. C., Koller, T. and Widmer, R. M., Identi- observed for three stations (Periyar, High wavys and fication of fluoroquinolone antibiotics as the main source of umuC Venniyar) except Gavi, and the trend was positive and genetoxicity in native hospital wastewater. Environ. Toxicol. significant (90%) for Periyar and High wavys. Chem., 1998, 17, 377–382. Increase in summer monsoon rainfall was observed 19. Kummerer, K., Significance of antibiotics in the environment. J. for Periyar site and the trend was found to be signifi- Antimicrob. -
Heritage Resort Hampi
+91-9845640281 Heritage Resort Hampi https://www.indiamart.com/carnival-hotels/ land of Cofee, Cardamom, Oranges and great warriors. The land of Hills, Waterfalls, lush green rain forests where nature still survives in abundance. Situated in the western ghats at about 1400 mtrs above sea level, it is an About Us The land of Cofee, Cardamom, Oranges and great warriors. The land of Hills, Waterfalls, lush green rain forests where nature still survives in abundance. Situated in the western ghats at about 1400 mtrs above sea level, it is an ideal setting for an exotic holiday. Coorg is also home to the Kodavas, the famous warriors. The Kodavas still follow a life style full of rich traditions and culture. Unlike the other Dravidians, the Kodavas are distinctly tall and fair complexioned The hilly district of Coorg in Karnataka is land locked . It is a comfortable 05 hours drive from Bangalore - 242 kms. The nearest rail head is Mysore - 100kms. The coastal town of Mangalore is just 132 kms. Coorg offers pleasant temperate climate throughout the year. Even in peak summers the mercury does not soar beyond 30 degrees Celsius. That makes it an ideal getaway for a holiday throughout the year. For more information, please visit https://www.indiamart.com/carnival-hotels/aboutus.html OTHER SERVICES P r o d u c t s & S e r v i c e s Health Club Well Furnished Rooms Conference Hall Banquet Hall F a c t s h e e t Nature of Business :Service Provider CONTACT US Heritage Resort Hampi Contact Person: Prakash No.