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A HISTORY of SOUTHWESTERN STATE COLLEGE, 1903-1953 by MELVIN FRANK FIEGEL Bachelor of Science Oklahoma State University Stillwat

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A HISTORY of SOUTHWESTERN STATE COLLEGE, 1903-1953 by MELVIN FRANK FIEGEL Bachelor of Science Oklahoma State University Stillwat A HISTORY OF SOUTHWESTERN STATE COLLEGE, 1903-1953 By MELVIN FRANK FIEGEL Bachelor of Science Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1950 Master of Education University of Oklahoma Norman, Oklahoma 1963 · Master of Arts Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1965 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION July, 1968 QKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY JAN ~81969 ~ .. ;: ..:."n. ~· .-.:.:,n·,··:-~-. .. ,•··~-.·~ .• ;.~· ... · .. · ·''~ .... ,.. >'·:. Copyright 1968 By MELVIN FRANK FIEG~L All rights reserved. No part of this thesrs may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic.or mechanlcal, including photocopying, re- cording, or by any informational storage and retrieval system, without permission In writing from the author. A HISTORY OF SOUTHWESTERN STATE COLLEGE, 1903-1953 Thesis Approved: nn~Dean of the Graduate College PREFACE The end of the academLc year 1953-1954 marked the completion of. fifty years of institutional 11fe for Southwestern State College. This study is an attempt to tel.I,. and in some ways to interpret• how this college developed.and .. to indi.cate its significance and role in shaping the knowledge, attitl!-des, and culture of those,with whom it had contact, ,This dissertation was limited to a fifty-year period for two reasons, First, by 1953, its fiftieth anniversary, Southwestern was essentially the same as of now insofar as its function is concerned. True, it has in.the last decade and a half greatly increased its• enrollment and enlarged its physical facL1ities, but t~ere have been no major changes .in its offerings,. Second, it is the opinion of the writer that one is too greatly influenced by his own environment and immediate past to.interpret adequately those ev.ents which are close in time. Every person who.wri.tes history is confronted with .the problem of selection and emphasis •. This history mentions rela~ively few names. It would be impossible and would serve no useful purpose to mention all who shared in the developmentof Southwes.tern over a. fifty year period. Granted, .there were those who served on the faculty; there were administrators; there.were those who worked in the legislature for the enactment.of laws benefiting the College; there.were those who served on the governing boards, and, of course, more. importantly, there ii were the great many students .who came to Southwester:n, The purpose of this work ls not to arouse.r:105,.talgic memories of alumni who remember Southwestern for student activities, absent-minded professors, or athletic victories. Because exaggerated p.raLse can .make any .historical study decidedly unhistorical, the writer has made no effort-to condition potential readers who may have attended this institution to have a greater loyalty toward it, but to give all readers a realistic perspective of the nature of one college, what it was doing as an institution, its problems, its fal lures, and its accomplishments. Therefore, in describing the events of fifty years I have also attempted to determine student, faculty, and community attitudes toward current issues and perhaps to show how their attitudes influenced subsequent behavior patterns, decisions, and.ultimately the history of the College itself. Because external forces, both state and national, greatly influenced its history, the writer has attempted to place Southwestern within the historical context of the times. Institutions of higher education todayr.confronted with unprecedented growth and.complexity, will play a crucial role in the future history.of the United States and of Oklahoma. The wri.ter is convinced that those who direct the course of higher education in this state arid in the.nation,must free themselves of the temptation to er:,joy comfort in wh~t has been accomplished, and also to free themselves from the temptation to solve new problems with.old solutions. It is hoped that this study, although confined to only one institution, may give some perspective of the past, an awareness of the present, and some vtsion of the future. iii .The prepar.:aHon.of .this.thesis involved the help and encouragement of many people, more.tban.L~can ever thank adequately. am indebted to Mrs. 0. J. Cook and Mr ... Jae~ Wettenge I of the Newspaper Room of the Oklahoma Historical .Soci.et;y.for. provi-ding microfilm reproductions of newspapers; Mr. Jack- Haley.of the.Manuscripts Division of-the University of Oklahoma Library, .Norman, Oklahoma; Mr. Joe Hurt, Director of Information Services.and.of the Professional Library, State Department of Education, for help in.locating pertinent reports and documents; _Mr. M, C, Collum, Executive Secretary of the Board of Regents of Oklahoma Colleges, for providing the.official minutes of the meetings of the State Board of Education and the Board of Regents of Oklahoma Colleges; the library staff.of the.Oklahoma State University Library, Stillwater, Oklahoma; Mrs, Anne Cramer, Di rector, Mrs. Jane- Von Wick! in, Mrs. Mabel Mickley, Miss Cora.Mlller. and other members of the staff of the Southwestern State College.Library, Weatherford, Oklahoma; Mrs. Carter Ralls of the Weatherford. Branch of the Custer, Washita, Dewey County Library System; Mrs. Jeanne Ellinger-and other residents of Weatherford who contributed in various ways; Dr. Al .Harris, President, and Dr. Louis Morris-, Dean of. lnstr.uctt.on, Southwestern Stat~ College, for their help in locating.materials.pertainlr.tg.to.this study; .and to Mr. Marion Diel, the· Registral".' of Southwestern State College, for making the records of his office available, The writer wishes to express .his.sincere appreciation to the members of .the. doctora 1 . advt sory commJttee. for. ... tl;le Ir comments and suggestions, Dr, Homer L. Knight, Dr. Theodore L, Agnew. Jr., Dr. Daniel Selakovlch, Dr,;Nor.bert IL Mahnken, and Dr. Idella Lohmann, My greatest Indebtedness.is to Dr, .Ag.new, who.supervised the study iv from beginning to end~ and.whose.interestr.guidance, and patience were indeed great. And finallyw my.gratitude goes to my wife for her help, encouragement, and understanding, and to my sons, who bore with great patience the sacrifices necessary to complete this dissertation. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN NORMAL SCHOOL, 1901-190 3 • • • • • • . • • • • 0 • 0 • • • Settling the Land and Early Education ..•. I The Struggle Over the Location of the Normal School. 2 Victory for Weatherford 11 The Campus and the-Community . 13 11. THE FORMATIVE YEARS, 1903':-1907 16 Launching the Normal School 16 The Curri.cul.um • , ..• 19 Early Student Life ..•.•.•..••• 24 The·Ath1etic Association .. ·, 25 The Literary Societies ••• 26 The Completion of the.Normal Building 27 Early Cultural Activities 29 Ideals, Attitudes and Issues ...•.. 32 Growth.and Expansion .... 40 President Campbell is Removed 46 111. · THE ADMINISTRATIONS OF J. F. SHARP AND U. J, GRIFFITH, 1908-1915 • 0 •• 0 0 • s O • 0 • • 0 0 47 A New President for Southwestern . 47 The Debating Societies, Issues, and Continued Reform . o • • . • • • o • • • • • 48 A New Building for Southwestern ...... 51 Problems and Policies of the Sharp Administration 53 The Scuiptor From Tennessee , ... 55 A New President, Ulysses J, Griffith ..... 58 Saints and Sinners ••..... 59 The Normal Schools and the State Department of ·Education .. Q ............... o 62 An Interlude of Quiet, A Distant War, and Another New President •. 68 IV .. THE WAR YEARS, 1915-1918 73 A New President, J. B.. Eskridge • . • • . 73 The War Comes - Patriotism and Propaganda on the Prairie ..•. 76 The Simpson Affair ..... o. · o • e o o • 83 vi Chapter Page IV. THE WAR YEARS, 1915-1918 (Continued) The Real Issue - Tenure and Politics. 89 A Wartime Campus ..... 91 V. THE TRANSiT!ONAL YEARS, 1918-1923 .. 95 Peacetime Problems and Policies 95 The Transition to a College 97 Anxiety Amid Change .•.•.• 102 President Eskridge and America of the 1920 1 s 103 The Administration of A. H. Burris 109 Accreditation and Academic Standards . 112 Social Problems and Another New President 113 VI • SOUTHWESTERN ANO THE 1920 1 s .. 115 President Turner, Oklahoma Pol itlcs, and the Ku Klux Klan ..•... 115 A New Library and the Curriculum •. 117 Issues and Attitudes, 1924-1925 120 A Gymnasium, and Events, 1925-1929 . 127 Pres I dent E. E. Brown . 130 Vii. THE GREAT DEPRESSION AND SOUTHWESTERN, PART 133 Progress Despl te Adversity Under Pres I dent Brown . l 33 Politics, Governor Murray, and Southwestern 138 Hard Times on the Hill During the Early 1930 1 s . 146 Teachers and the Depression •...... , . 150 Physical Plant, Appropriations, and the Depression . 152 Speakers, issues, and Debates of the 193ons 154 Vii!. THE GREAT DEPRESSION AND SOUTHWESTERN, PART ! i 158 Students, Regulations, and the Community , 158 Enrollment, 1933-1940 , , . , , , , 165 Oklahoma Politics, Higher Education, and the Flrst Dormltodes ..... , • . 166 The Physical Plant - Gains and Losses 174 A Change In the Governing Board 176 A New Name, Curriculum Changes, and Another New President ......•. , .. , . 177 Organizing a Department of Pharmacy .. , , , . 181 An Industrial Arts Building and Another New Name . 182 IX. AN UNEASY PEACE AND WAR, 1937-1945 185 World Peace and Southwestern . 185 Student Opinion and the War in Europe 190 War Aga i n . • . , , 192 A New Admlnistratlon and Wartime Problems 196 The Faculty, the Curriculum, and Another Administration . , •. 200 vii Chapter Page X, GROWTH.AND DEVELOPMENT,. 1945-1953 . 209 The Post"".'War Years, 1945-:1950· 209 The Winning.of.Accred1tation .. 216 Student.Actfvlties.and Interests . 220 War.Again.-: .The. Korean ;Conf-1 i ct 224 The End of an Era 228 XI, SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 230 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 241 APPENDIX A 255 APPENDIX B , 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 • • • • e e • Cl 258 APPENDIX C. 0 • . 0 . ·, 260 vii. i CHAPTER I THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN NORMAL SCHOOL Settling the Land and Early Education Western Oklahoma has had a colorful history since its beginning.
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