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Come All for the Cure-All: Patent Medicines, 19Th Century Bonanza

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Come All for the Cure-All: Patent Medicines, 19Th Century Bonanza Come all for the cure-all: Patent medicines, 19th century bonanza The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Reeves, Dorothea D. 1967. Come all for the cure-all: Patent medicines, 19th century bonanza. Harvard Library Bulletin XV (3), July 1967: 253-272. Citable link https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37363852 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Come All For The Cure-All: Patent Medicines, Nineteenth Century Bonanza Dorotbea D. Reeves ACKin the eighteen eighties, on n ,varn1 sumn1cr evening in a typical sn1all country villugc, the inhabitants sat on their porches~ rocking. It had been a dull da)7 ; 1\1othcr ,vas tired and Father ,vas bored and the children restless. Suddenly, over the clop, clop of horses' hoofs -and the rattle of ,vhcc1s 1 there ,vas a. distant fanfare on a coachn1an's hornt the boo1n, boom of a bass dru1n and a ,velcomc blast from a brass band. The n1cdicinc sholv had come to to\vn! Fun, frolics, and so-culled ''patcne' n1edicinc sales. And it was a.sho,v, varied in form, media and locale1 as ev1dcnccdby numerous handbiHs, leaAets, and a proh1sion of business or trade cards~ a great variety of ,vhich are preserved in the 1\1anuscriptDivision of Baker Library'. Th c patc n t-111 edi cine bu sincss, \ vh ich madc 1nulti millionaires in the nineteenth century, is -also,vell documented in several fascinat- ing, fuH-lcngth books. This paper merely skin1s over the surface, to produce a chuckle here> nostalgia there, and perhaps to stin1ulate furtl1er pursuit of this jntriguing subject. There ha vc al\vays b cen n1cdicine quacks. l\1y·sterious cure-all con- coctions have roots in earliest history be cause man has al,vays prepared secret rcn1edics. The n1orc strange ~nd foul the ingredients, the 111orc bjtter the flavor, the more efficacious the nostrum ,vas thought to be - one had devil to drive out another. So\vhngs and millepedes soaked alive in ,vine ,vcre part of a mixture rccornmended by Cotton 1\-1ather ( 1 66 3-1 7 2 8) for a variety of aihn en ts. Cures, herb al and other,vise, ,vcre available early in print. There was~ for instance, Nicolas l\1on- ardes' treatise on 1i\' est India.n healing lore, Prhnera y segv11drt y tercern. Partes de la Historia 111edicinal,first published in Seville in 15 74. John Frampton uanslated it into English and it ,vas published in London in 1577 ,vith the sales-promoting title: loyfvll ne·vves o·vt of tbe 1u:1.ve 2 53 Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XV, Number 3 (July 1967) 2 54 Harvard LibrnrJ Bulletin fou11dcworlde, wberein .is declared the rare nnd siuguler vertues of diuerse a11dsuudrie bearhes1 trees1 o;yles~plantes., nnd stones, witb tbeir aplicatious,as well for phisicke as cbiru1"gerie.... It ,vas the nsual practice for the A.n1erican colonists to gro,v herbs and to treat ai]ments,vith remedies prep~1rcdon n sm9ll scale based on recipes brought from abroad, on ''curesJ~learned fro1n the Indians, or ,vith imported n1edicines such as Dr~ Batenlan~sl 1ectort1lDrops and the Elixir described in A Collection for ln1prove1neut of Husbnudry and Trade. This nc,vspapcr, one .of the first published pri1uarily· as a n1cdiu n1 for advertise 1nents~provided a. con vcni en t opp ortu ni ty for its publisI1cr1 Jolin Houghton! of London! also an apothecary, to pub]icizc his Elixir 1liag11u1J1Sto11u1cbiuu1. This he described ~s "The Great Cordill EJixir for the Ston1ach; of n delicate flavo1u.., and pleasant bit- terisb Taste; 1>.7ot purging, but C.ordiaI011ly; to be drank at any tin1e (but erpeoiallyin r1 A1or11i11g)in nuy Liquor, t1sAlc 1 Tea, lv1utn,Ca.- nar)7, White-lvine, n dran,of Brandy·1 &c. It 111nkest/..,e best Purl in tbe lf 1 orld in Ale1 and Purl-Royal in Sr1.ck1 nnd in 1"'en.,&c. ver,•plerun11t a11dwboleso1JJe, givh1g each of tbeuz a fragrant r111elland tnste, f nr ex- ceedi11gP11rl 111ad e of ,~, orm,vood, rr.vbicb(being so bot nnd drying) spoils tbe Sight, dulls tbe Brain.,aud drys up tbe Blood, tbis bn-ving the Quintessence of all t!Je ln6rredie11tsof the bitter Draught (so 1nucb in 1tse) in it, witb 1nn11Jrotber excellent Ston1nchicks and Antiscorbuticks brought into so S111ttlla quantity, as tbat 30 or 40 dropsin a Dose;you 1 1uay?11ake it in an instantyo11r self, i11any of the aforesaidLiq11ors 1 hut "\i\1hite-,vine or Tea best; and it 111ucbsurpasses tbe co1u111onbitter I' o- tion in pleasantnessand vertue~ Tbis j,rocures a good Appctitc 1 helps Digestionand all !11dispositionsof tbe Sto'IJ1ncb1 as Sickness, L,oathing, Nauseousness (especinllyafter a Surfeit., or bard Drinking) streugt!Je1i- h1g it VJouderfully.4 Expells all ·v\'jndJ purefies tbe Blood and destroys tbe Scurvy beyond any oue A1ediciue known, witb three or four Vir- tues 'Juore'Htentianed in the Hillssold witb it; as its e,.:cellency and use- f1d11essfor all Seaf ari11g111en, Soldiers, 1,ra·vellers,and iudeed for nil Persons 11(YJer to he witl.1outit about tbe111. To '7.vbicbBills l ref er you, to be had Gratisat tbe placeswhere 'tis sold. Price One Shilling each Bottle,.,, 1 Houghton's Eli:rir \Vas for sale at a variety of business cstab~ lishments: a bo_okstorc, a coffee house, a fruiterer, and a tobacconist. The ,vord ' 1patcnr>' applied to medicines derived frotn a grant of 1 A Collection for bnprove111cnr. of Hushlrru.lry and Trade,, edited Ly Juhn Hough- ton (London, 1692-1703 )i vol. 5, no. 118s 1694., p. 4. Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XV, Number 3 (July 1967) Co'lnt Ail for tbe Cure-all privi]ege by English royalty to tl1e n1akcr of a particular for1nuhL A fe\Y early medicines 111anufacmrcd in the United States \Vere actually patented ~s to forn1ula. l\1ost of thcn1 arc corrccdy tcr1ncd proprietary, although it \Vas not unusual for the namet tr-a.de-mark, or label to be registered in the Patent Office. Probably the first 11atent n1edicine in An1erica ,v-a~1~11rcnrorn Rice, concocted hy a 7v1rs.l\-1.m~ters in 171 I and reco1111nended-as 2 cure for consun1ption. It ,vas based on corn ( supposedly -~Yithadv ice f ron1 Indians) and ,vas protected by royal patcnt 1 granted by l(ing G·corgc in 1 7 1 5.. Th e patent-n1c d1c1neI I 111• d ustry 11a d itsI "k 1ngsI '' an d 1ts H queen. " America 1s first king ,vas Th on1as ,,,. Dyott, an a put hecary "s appren- tice from England ,vho opened a drugstore in Philadelphi11jn the 1790's. By 1 8 1 5 he ,vas advertising a complete line of ren1edies. His busi ncss, \v hich ce n tcre d in a 1n o d el I self-contained co nun unity, at DyottviHc on th c Dehnvarc, cxpandc d to inc1ude a large glass-,vorks, but a bank f aiturc in 183 6 brought it to an end. Just as Dyotf s business ,vas folding up, -anothermedicine king ,vas getting 11isst-art in Ne,v York,. ''Dr.'' Bcnja1nin Brandrcth, an English- man, ,vho \Vas attracted to the United States b)7 the 1narkct potential. lie ,vas -a vigorous advocate of purgationt (but, of coursc 1 011/y ,vith his very special pills). At the start he sold his Vegetable Universal piHs (a combination of three hcrbat cathartics) a box at a time. By 1839, he ,vas thought to be \vorth $200,000; hy 1870, he o,vned several blocks of property in do,vnto,vn Nc\v York and had spent nvo and a 11al f n1illion dollars on ad vcr tisi n g. ,,.7I1en h c died in 18 8 o, 11isfactory, no\v at Sing Sing (later Ossining) \Vas marketing about nvo n1illion boxes of pjlls a year. A.nothcr high])·successful l'Ye,vYork patent-111cdicinemanufacturer" Henry T. Heltnbold, built a splendid and elaborate "Tctnplc of Pharmacy'' on Broad\va.yin 1871 ,vhcrc his Ext-ract of Bucb11,vas sold in a glamorous attnospherc of perfumed fountainst trilling canaries, and great floor ~to-ccil ing 1nirrors. A1nong prominent Ne,v Y orkcrs ,v ho bought at the ~(Temple'' ,vere Jay Gould, Conunod.ure \ 1andcrbi!t, and John Jacob Astor. A Ne\"VEngland patent-medicine kingJ Dr. Ja1nes C. Ayer, ,vas a i-arity been.use he \Vas not a doctor by assnn1ption1 but ucn1allya grad~ uate of the University of Pennsylvania?\1edical School After receiv- ing his degree in 1841, he bought a drugstore and launched his business on the basis of a homemade remedy called C berry Pectoral. Aycr'.s Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XV, Number 3 (July 1967) Harvard Library Bulletin biggest success ,vas his Extract of Sarsaparilla(-e 'Pill After Pie'') , , vhich combined the popular hcrb 1 sarsaparilla (smilax Ioot) 1 ,vcll kno\,.,n as a blood purifier, ,vich other ingredients. (.Platesl 1 \ 1, VIII 1 and XIII.) h1ore than ten other re1nediesrounded out his very successful line~ \\t hi ch , vas popular as far a,va y as A ustra lia.
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