DOCSLIB.ORG

Systematic Botany & Mycology Laboratory

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Systematic Botany & Mycology Laboratory Systematic Botany & Mycology USDA ARS Research Accomplishments by Laboratory The Systematic Botany & Mycology Laboratory ARS is the U.S. scientific research agency responsible for solving agricultural problems of Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the national importance. United States. This reference contains records of fungi on plants in the U.S. ARS research develops solutions to a wide range of organized by host and by fungus. problems related to food and agriculture—problems requiring long-term commitment of resources and World Economic Plants: A Standard problems unlikely to have solutions with the quick Reference. 10,000 economic plant species commercial payoff that would convince private including accepted scientific names, industry to do the research. These problems range important synonyms, common names, from protecting crops and livestock from costly pests economic uses and geographical and diseases to improving quality and safety of distribution. agricultural commodities and products, determining the best nutrition for humans from infancy to old age, A new species of Trichoderma. This sustaining natural resources, and ensuring species controls the witches’ broom profitability for producers and processors while disease of chocolate. keeping costs down for consumers. In addition to serving this broad range of customers, ARS provides Plant Sciences Institute Karnal Bunt. A related species from research to support Federal action and regulatory Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural ryegrass was distinguished allowing agencies. Research Center continued export of U.S wheat. Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits Chocolate Pathogens. Characterization of Beltsville, Maryland discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of the genetic relatedness of the frosty pod race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all and witches’ broom pathogens of chocolate The mission of the Systematic Botany and Mycology prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities allows for more effective disease control. Laboratory is to increase the knowledge and application who require alternative means for communication of program of the systematics of fungi and vascular plants essential information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To Daylily Rust. Characterization of the to developing new technologies and solving problems in file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Office of Civil sustainable and conventional agriculture. Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence invasive daylily rust pathogen, Puccinia Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (202) 720- hemerocallidis. The Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory is the 5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. center of research and service for the systematics of GRIN Taxonomic Databases. Names, distribution, and agriculturally important vascular plants and fungi in the economic uses for over 60,000 species of vascular United States. plants. Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory Fungal Databases. Worldwide literature is reviewed The U.S. National Seed Herbarium and the U.S. National Bldg 011A, Rm 304, BARC-West Fungus Collections are maintained and developed as for information and references on distribution, research resources for use by the national and 10300 Baltimore Avenue taxonomy, and biology of plant pathogenic fungi and is international research community. Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 available over the internet. Ph. 301-504-5364 Fax 301-504-5810 Interactive online identification keys to plant- Website: http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/psi/sbml associated fungi. Keys to species of Trichoderma, Tilletia, Hypomyces, Ravenelia and rusts on legumes Updated March 2006 with images, descriptions and taxonomy. Systematic Botany & Mycology Laboratory Systematics is the study of biological Fungal Research Programs at SBML: Vascular Plant Research at SBML: diversity. It is the science that discovers, describes, and names organisms. Systematics of Phomopsis/Diaporthe Accurate scientific names These fungi cause cankers on crops such as soybeans, are essential for Knowledge of the sunflowers and fruit. The chestnut blight and dogwood communicating about anthracnose fungi are related to this group of fungi. systematics of fungi and economically important plants is essential for plants. Systematics of bunt and smut fungi solving problems in These fungi include the cause of Karnal bunt of wheat, agriculture. an important quarantine pathogen, and bunt fungi associated with turf grass seed. Important Plant Resources at SBML: Researchers at the Systematic Germplasm Resources Information Network Botany and Mycology Systematics of rust fungi Rust fungi can cause serious diseases of agricultural (GRIN) Laboratory (SBML) study the Data available include the scientific names of about systematics of plants important crops such as soybeans and wheat, or ornamental plants such as daylilies. Some have potential for controlling 60,000 species of vascular plants as well as common as genetic resources and fungi invasive weed species. names, distribution records, and economic uses. that are biological control Specialized searches of GRIN data relating to economic agents and plant pathogens. plants, noxious weeds, families and genera, or seed Systematics of the genus Trichoderma associations are possible. Some species is this group, such as T. harzianum, can DNA sequence analysis is used to determine control plant diseases. Another species, T. aggressivum, Legume fruits & seeds identification system. causes a disease of commercial mushrooms. the identity and relationships of fungi. An interactive identification system for all legume fruits and seeds to genus is available via the Internet. This Fungal Information Resources at SBML: system is extremely useful to regulatory officials in preventing the introduction of noxious weeds and to seed analysts for the identification and certification of legume Fungal Databases An outstanding online database of current information seeds. on the systematics of plant pathogenic fungi is Karnal bunt Ryegrass bunt maintained by SBML. Worldwide literature is reviewed U.S. National Seed Herbarium for information and references on distribution, Seed collections housed at the SBML serve as a unique reference resource for the study of agriculturally Microscopic and cultural taxonomy, and biology of plant pathogenic fungi. important plants. features are also used to identify U.S. National Fungus Collections and characterize fungi. Herbarium collections housed at the SBML serve as unique reference resources for the study of Accurate characterization of agriculturally important fungi. Over one million dried plant pathogenic fungi allows fungal specimens are available. plant pathologists to more effectively manage diseases. Systematic Botany & Mycology Laboratory Scientific Staff Dr. Amy Y. Rossman. Dr. David F. Farr. Dr. John H. Wiersema. (301) 504-5364; Bldg 011A, Rm 304 (301) 504-5274; Bldg 011A, Rm 302 (301) 504-9181, Bldg 011A, Rm 330 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Research Leader and Director of the U.S. Research on systematic biology of plant Provides nomenclatural and taxonomic National Fungus Collections. Research on the pathogenic coelomycetes. Develops and information on vascular plants for the USDA systematic biology of plant-associated directs interactive identification systems and Germplasm Resources Information Network. ascomycetes and their asexual states. databases of fungi on plants and specimens in Studies taxonomy of the Nymphaeaceae and the U.S. National Fungus Collections. the genus Nymphaea, the water-lilies. Dr. M. Catherine Aime. APHIS Staff (301) 504-5758; Bldg 011A, Rm 321 Dr. Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr. [email protected] (301) 504-9447; Bldg 011A, Rm 312 Dr. John M. McKemy. [email protected] (301) 504-5280, Bldg 011A, Rm 331 Research on the systematic biology of rust [email protected] fungi (Uredinales) as plant pathogens and Research on the systematics of Lotus, weed biocontrol agents and fungi causing birdsfoot trefoil, and related legumes as well Identifies fungi of plant quarantine diseases of tropical crops such as chocolate. as Cucumis and related melons and squashes. significance in particular those found on plant Director of the U.S. National Seed Herbarium. materials intercepted at ports of entry. Dr. Lisa A. Castlebury. Dr. Mary E. Palm. (301) 504-5270; Bldg 011A, Rm 318 Dr. Gary J. Samuels. (301) 504-5327, Bldg 011A, Rm 329 [email protected] (301) 504-8279; Bldg 011A, Rm 335 [email protected] [email protected] Research on the systematic biology of Identifies fungi of plant quarantine Ustilaginales (smut and bunt fungi) and Research on the systematic biology of significance in particular those found on plant Diaporthales (canker fungi). Projects focus on Hypocrea and its asexual state Trichoderma materials intercepted at ports of entry. Karnal bunt of wheat, Tilletia indica, and and related fungi used in biological control of Investigates the taxonomy and biology of disease-causing species of Diaporthe/ important agricultural pathogens. plant pathogenic fungi. Phomopsis. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • <I>Tilletia Indica</I>
    ISPM 27 27 ANNEX 4 ENG DP 4: Tilletia indica Mitra INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES PHYTOSANITARY FOR STANDARD INTERNATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC PROTOCOLS Produced by the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) This page is intentionally left blank This diagnostic protocol was adopted by the Standards Committee on behalf of the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures in January 2014. The annex is a prescriptive part of ISPM 27. ISPM 27 Diagnostic protocols for regulated pests DP 4: Tilletia indica Mitra Adopted 2014; published 2016 CONTENTS 1. Pest Information ............................................................................................................................... 2 2. Taxonomic Information .................................................................................................................... 2 3. Detection ........................................................................................................................................... 2 3.1 Examination of seeds/grain ............................................................................................... 3 3.2 Extraction of teliospores from seeds/grain, size-selective sieve wash test ....................... 3 4. Identification ..................................................................................................................................... 4 4.1 Morphology of teliospores ................................................................................................ 4 4.1.1 Morphological
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Whole Genome Sequence Data to Characterize Mating and Rna
    USE OF WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCE DATA TO CHARACTERIZE MATING AND RNA SILENCING GENES IN TILLETIA SPECIES By SEAN WESLEY MCCOTTER A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN PLANT PATHOLOGY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY Department of Plant Pathology DECEMBER 2014 © Copyright by SEAN WESLEY MCCOTTER, 2014 All Rights Reserved © Copyright by SEAN WESLEY MCCOTTER, 2014 All Rights Reserved To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the thesis of SEAN WESLEY MCCOTTER find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. Lori M. Carris, Ph.D., Chair Dorrie Main, Ph.D. Patricia Okubara, Ph.D. Lisa A. Castlebury, Ph. D. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research presented in this thesis could not have been carried out without the expertise and cooperation of others in the scientific community. Significant contributions were made by colleagues here at Washington State University, at the United States Department of Agriculture and at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. I would like to start by thanking my committee members Dr. Lori Carris, Dr. Lisa Castlebury, Dr. Pat Okubara and Dr. Dorrie Main, who provided guidance on procedure, feedback on my research as well as contacts and laboratory resources. Dr. André Lévesque of AAFC initially alerted me to the prospect of collaboration with other AAFC Tilletia researchers and placed me in contact with Dr. Sarah Hambleton, whose lab sequenced four out of five strains of Tilletia used in this study (CSSP CRTI 09-462RD). Dr. Prasad Kesanakurti and Jeff Cullis coordinated my access to AAFC’s genome and transcriptome data for these species.
    [Show full text]
  • Nonsystemic Bunt Fungi—Tilletia Indica and T. Horrida: a Review of History, Systematics, and Biology∗
    ANRV283-PY44-05 ARI 7 February 2006 20:39 V I E E W R S I E N C N A D V A Nonsystemic Bunt Fungi—Tilletia indica and T. horrida: A Review of History, Systematics, and Biology∗ Lori M. Carris,1 Lisa A. Castlebury,2 and Blair J. Goates3 1Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430; email: [email protected] 2USDA ARS Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350; email: [email protected] 3USDA ARS National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility, Aberdeen, Idaho 82310; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. Key Words 2006. 44:5.1–5.21 Karnal bunt, Neovossia, rice kernel smut, Tilletia walkeri, Tilletiales The Annual Review of Phytopathology is online at phyto.annualreviews.org Abstract doi: 10.1146/ The genus Tilletia is a group of smut fungi that infects grasses either annurev.phyto.44.070505.143402 systemically or locally. Basic differences exist between the systemi- Copyright c 2006 by cally infecting species, such as the common and dwarf bunt fungi, and Annual Reviews. All rights locally infecting species. Tilletia indica, which causes Karnal bunt of reserved wheat, and Tilletia horrida, which causes rice kernel smut, are two ex- 0066-4286/06/0908- amples of locally infecting species on economically important crops. 0001-$20.00 However, even species on noncultivated hosts can become important ∗ The U.S. Government when occurring as contaminants in export grain and seed shipments. has the right to retain a nonexclusive, royalty-free In this review, we focus on T. indica and the morphologically similar license in and to any but distantly related T.
    [Show full text]
  • DP 4: Tilletia Indica Mitra INTERNATIONAL STANDARD for PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES PHYTOSANITARY for STANDARD INTERNATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC PROTOCOLS
    ISPM 27 27 ANNEX 4 ENG DP 4: Tilletia indica Mitra INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES PHYTOSANITARY FOR STANDARD INTERNATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC PROTOCOLS Produced by the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) This page is intentionally left blank This diagnostic protocol was adopted by the Standards Committee on behalf of the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures in January 2014. The annex is a prescriptive part of ISPM 27. ISPM 27 Diagnostic protocols for regulated pests DP 4: Tilletia indica Mitra Adopted 2014; published 2016 CONTENTS 1. Pest Information ............................................................................................................................... 2 2. Taxonomic Information .................................................................................................................... 2 3. Detection ........................................................................................................................................... 2 3.1 Examination of seeds/grain ............................................................................................... 3 3.2 Extraction of teliospores from seeds/grain, size-selective sieve wash test ....................... 3 4. Identification ..................................................................................................................................... 4 4.1 Morphology of teliospores ................................................................................................ 4 4.1.1 Morphological
    [Show full text]
  • Diagnostic Protocol for Tilletia Indica, the Cause of Karnal Bunt
    Diagnostic protocol for Tilletia indica, the cause of karnal bunt The International Diagnostic Protocol for Tilletia indica (ISPM-27 DP04) was released March 2014 https://www.ippc.int/en/publications/2457/ PEST STATUS Not present in Australia PROTOCOL NUMBER NDP 19 VERSION NUMBER V1.3 PROTOCOL STATUS Endorsed ISSUE DATE 2012 REVIEW DATE 2017 ISSUED BY SPHDS Prepared for the Subcommittee on Plant Health Diagnostic Standards (SPHDS) This version of the National Diagnostic Protocol (NDP) for karnal bunt is current as at the date contained in the version control box on the front of this document. NDPs are updated every 5 years or before this time if required (i.e. when new techniques become available). The most current version of this document is available from the SPHDS website: http://plantbiosecuritydiagnostics.net.au/resource-hub/priority-pest-diagnostic-resources/ Where an IPPC diagnostic protocol exists it should be used in preference to the NDP. NDPs may contain additional information to aid diagnosis. IPPC protocols are available on the IPPC website: https://www.ippc.int/core-activities/standards-setting/ispms Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 General introduction ................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Host range .............................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Symptoms ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • HOST SPECIFICITY and PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TILLETIA SPECIES INFECTING WHEAT and OTHER COOL SEASON GRASSES by XIAODO
    HOST SPECIFICITY AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TILLETIA SPECIES INFECTING WHEAT AND OTHER COOL SEASON GRASSES By XIAODONG BAO A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY Department of Plant Pathology DECEMBER 2010 To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation of XIAODONG BAO find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. Lori M. Carris, Ph.D., Chair Tobin L. Peever, Ph.D. Jack D. Rogers, Ph.D. Scot H. Hulbert, Ph.D. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express the deepest gratitude to my major advisor Dr. Lori M. Carris, for her persistent guidance, support and encouragement which make it possible to this dissertation. Her enthusiasm for research and excitement in teaching continuously provide inspiration and motivation for my academic goals. I would like to give the most sincere thanks to the members of my dissertation committee, Drs. Tobin L. Peever, Jack D. Rogers and Scot H. Hulbert, for their insightful suggestions to my research and critical review of the dissertation. I am heartily thankful to Dr. Lisa A. Castlebury (USDA-ARS, Baltimore, Maryland) for generously providing sequencing facilities and guidance for my research. I appreciate Mr. Blair J. Goates (USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID) for hosting our visit to National Small Grains Collections and providing a treasure of wheat bunt collections for my research. My thanks also go to Drs. Kálmán Vánky (Herbarium Ustilaginales Vánky, Germany), Lennart Johnsson (Plant Pathology and Biocontrol Unit, SLU, Sweden), Veronika Dumalasová (Research Institute of Crop Production, Czech Republic) and Denis A.
    [Show full text]
  • Normes OEPP EPPO Standards
    © 2004 OEPP/EPPO, Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 34, 155 –157 Blackwell Publishing, Ltd. Organisation Européenne et Méditerranéenne pour la Protection des Plantes European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization Normes OEPP EPPO Standards Diagnostic protocols for regulated pests Protocoles de diagnostic pour les organismes réglementés PM 7/29 Organization Européenne et Méditerranéenne pour la Protection des Plantes 1, rue Le Nôtre, 75016 Paris, France 155 156 Diagnostic protocols Approval • laboratory procedures presented in the protocols may be adjusted to the standards of individual laboratories, provided EPPO Standards are approved by EPPO Council. The date of that they are adequately validated or that proper positive and approval appears in each individual standard. In the terms of negative controls are included. Article II of the IPPC, EPPO Standards are Regional Standards for the members of EPPO. References Review EPPO/CABI (1996) Quarantine Pests for Europe, 2nd edn. CAB Interna- tional, Wallingford (GB). EPPO Standards are subject to periodic review and amendment. EU (2000) Council Directive 2000/29/EC of 8 May 2000 on protective The next review date for this EPPO Standard is decided by the measures against the introduction into the Community of organisms EPPO Working Party on Phytosanitary Regulations harmful to plants or plant products and against their spread within the Community. Official Journal of the European Communities L169, 1–112. FAO (1997) International Plant Protection Convention (new revised text). Amendment record FAO, Rome (IT). IPPC (1993) Principles of plant quarantine as related to international trade. Amendments will be issued as necessary, numbered and dated. ISPM no. 1. IPPC Secretariat, FAO, Rome (IT).
    [Show full text]
  • National Agricultural Biosecurity Center Consortium
    Pathways Analyses for the Introduction to the U.S. of Plant Pathogens of Economic Importance Prepared by the National Agricultural Biosecurity Center Consortium Kansas State University Purdue University Texas A&M University August 2004 List of Contributors Kansas State University Karen A. Garrett (POC) John C. Reese (POC) Leslie R. Campbell Shauna P. Dendy J.M. Shawn Hutchinson Nancy J. Leathers Brooke Stansberry Purdue University Ray Martyn (POC) Don Huber Lynn Johal Texas A&M University Joseph P. Krausz (POC) David N. Appel Elena Kolomiets Jerry Trampota Project Manager Jan M. Sargeant, DVM, MSc, PhD, Kansas State University and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada List of Contributors 1/1 Plant Pathways Analysis Table of Contents List of Contributors.............................................................................i-1 Methodology for Pathway Analysis of an Intentionally Introduced Plant Pathogen ...........................................................ii-1 A Conceptual Framework for the Analyses of Pathways for the Introduction of Plant Pathogens .................................................iii-1 SOYBEAN Mosaic Virus...................................................................................1-1 Rust.................................................................................................2-1 CORN Late Wilt..........................................................................................3-1 Philippine Downy Mildew .............................................................4-1 RICE Bacterial Leaf
    [Show full text]
  • NAPPO Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (RSPM)
    NAPPO Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (RSPM) RSPM 21 A Harmonized Procedure for Morphologically Distinguishing Teliospores of Karnal Bunt from Ryegrass Bunt, Rice Smut and Similar Smuts The Secretariat of the North American Plant Protection Organization 1431 Merivale Road, 3rd Floor, Room 140 Ottawa K1A 0Y9 Canada 2014 Publication history: This is not an official part of the standard. Approved: October 17, 1999 Revised: August 10, 2009 Review initiated: 18-11-2013– updated editorial formatting (RLee) Revision by Expert Group initiated: 29-01-2014; finalized 02-10-2014 Submitted to Working Group and Executive Committee: 20-10-2014 RSPM 21 A Harmonized Procedure for Morphologically Distinguishing Teliospores of Karnal Bunt, Ryegrass Bunt, Rice Bunt and Similar Smuts 2 Contents Page Review ..................................................................................................................................4 Approval ...............................................................................................................................4 Implementation .....................................................................................................................4 Amendment Record ..............................................................................................................4 Distribution ............................................................................................................................4 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • A Disease Predictive Model for Chemotherapy of Karnal Bunt of Wheat
    A DISEASE PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR CHEMOTHERAPY OF KARNAL BUNT OF WHEAT By Muhammad Abdul Shakoor M.Sc. (Hons) Agri. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN Plant Pathology FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD 2009 To The Controller of Examinations, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad We, the supervisory committee, certify that the contents and the form of the thesis submitted by Mr. Muhammad Abdul Shakoor Regd. No 85-ag-1234 have been found satisfactory and recommend that it be processed for evaluation by the External Examiner(s) for the award of degree. CHAIRMAN ___________________ Dr. MUHAMMAD ASLAM KHAN MEMBER ___________________ Dr. NAZIR JAVID MEMBER ___________________ Dr. MUHAMMAD JALAL ARIF Contents CHAPTER Title Page 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 5 2.1 History and geographical distribution 5 2.2 Survey and economic losses 8 2.3 Taxonomic status 15 2.4 Symptoms of the disease 15 2.5 Host range 16 2.5.1 Biology of Tilletia indica 16 2.5.2 Dispersal of teliospores 16 2.5.3 Teliospore dormancy 17 2.5.4 Nature of teliospores and their survival in the soil 18 2.5.5 Teliospores germination 20 2.5.6 Dispersal of sporadia from soil level to ear head 21 2.6 Infection process 22 2.6.1 Epidemiology and disease prediction models 24 2.7 The Humid Thermal Index (HTI) model as a tool for 28 determination of potential disease distribution 2.8 Sources of genetics resistance against the disease 35 2.9 Chemical control of the disease 40 3.0 MATERIALS
    [Show full text]
  • [G] [1] Electronic Certification, Information on Standard XML Schemas and Exchange Mechanisms (Draft Appendix 1 to ISPM 12:2011)
    [8] NPPOs should use the World Wide Web Consortium (WC3) Extensible Markup Language (XML) (Link 1) as the standardized language for exchange of electronic certificate data between NPPOs; the data should be [G] standardized in the format of the United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (UN/CEFACT) Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) XML schema (Link 2), as adjusted and further specified for phytosanitary electronic certification on the ePhyto homepage. This pertains to the IPPC ePhyto certificate [1] Electronic certification, information on standard XML schemas and exchange mechanisms (Draft for export (Link 3) and to the IPPC ePhyto certificate for re-export (Link 4). Appendix 1 to ISPM 12:2011) (2006-003) [9] 2. Electronic contents of the XML schema: harmonization by coding [2] Date of this 2012-06-21 document [10] To standardize the XML message and to allow for automatic electronic processing of data, elements of the phytosanitary certificates should be coded as follows. Document Draft Appendix 1 to ISPM 12:2011 category [11] 2.1 Country names Current document Submitted for MC stage [12] The names of countries referred to in the certificate (i.e. the country of origin, of export, of re-export and of Origin CPM-1 (2006) destination and transit) should be coded using the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) two- digit country codes (Link 5). Major stages CPM-1 (2006) added topic (2006-003) [13] 2.2 Scientific names 2006-11 SC approved specification 38 (Revision of ISPM 7 and 12) [14] The names of the certified plants and plant products and the names of regulated pests should be coded 2008-02 EWG discussed draft (revision of ISPM 7 and 12) using the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) codes as available in EPPO Plant Protection Thesaurus (EPPT) (Link 6).
    [Show full text]
  • Genome Sequencing and Comparison of Five Tilletia Species to Identify Candidate Genes for the Detection of Regulated Species Infecting Wheat Hai D
    Nguyen et al. IMA Fungus (2019) 10:11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-019-0011-9 IMA Fungus RESEARCH Open Access Genome sequencing and comparison of five Tilletia species to identify candidate genes for the detection of regulated species infecting wheat Hai D. T. Nguyen1*, Tahera Sultana1,2, Prasad Kesanakurti1,3 and Sarah Hambleton1* Abstract Tilletia species cause diseases on grass hosts with some causing bunt diseases on wheat (Triticum). Two of the four species infecting wheat have restricted distributions globally and are subject to quarantine regulations to prevent their spread to new areas. Tilletia indica causes Karnal bunt and is regulated by many countries while the non- regulated T. walkeri is morphologically similar and very closely related phylogenetically, but infects ryegrass (Lolium) and not wheat. Tilletia controversa causesdwarfbuntofwheat(DB)andisalsoregulatedbysome countries, while the closely related but non-regulated species, T. caries and T. laevis, both cause common bunt of wheat (CB). Historically, diagnostic methods have relied on cryptic morphology to differentiate these species in subsamples from grain shipments. Of the DNA-based methods published so far, most have focused on sequence variation among tested strains at a single gene locus. To facilitate the development of additional molecular assays for diagnostics, we generated whole genome data for multiple strains of the two regulated wheat pathogens and their closest relatives. Depending on the species, the genomes were assembled into 907 to 4633 scaffolds ranging from 24 Mb to 30 Mb with 7842 to 9952 gene models predicted. Phylogenomic analyses confirmed the placement of Tilletia in the Exobasidiomycetes andshowedthatT. indica and T.
    [Show full text]