亚洲始新世啮齿目一新科 ———争胜鼠科 ( Zelomyidae) 1)
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Multiscale Spatial Patterns of Species Diversity and Biomass Together with Their Correlations Along Geographical Gradients in Subalpine Meadows
RESEARCH ARTICLE Multiscale spatial patterns of species diversity and biomass together with their correlations along geographical gradients in subalpine meadows Manhou XuID*, Shixiong Zhang, Jing Wen, Xiaoyan Yang Institute of Geographical Science, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract Researchers frequently discuss spatial distribution patterns of species diversity and bio- mass together with their correlations along geographical gradients. Typical subalpine mead- ows occur widely on the east of the Loess Plateau, China; here, we selected nine mountains OPEN ACCESS belonging to four mountain systems from north to south on the east of the plateau. We ana- Citation: Xu M, Zhang S, Wen J, Yang X (2019) lyzed five latitudinal and longitudinal gradients together with six elevational gradients to Multiscale spatial patterns of species diversity and study the spatial distribution patterns of species diversity (including α, β, and γ diversity) and biomass together with their correlations along geographical gradients in subalpine meadows. biomass plus with their relationships at various scales. Results showed that (1) for diversity, PLoS ONE 14(2): e0211560. https://doi.org/ α-Diversity manifested unimodal variation patterns in horizontal spaces, peaking at high lati- 10.1371/journal.pone.0211560 tude and low longitude. However, α-diversity was not sensitive to elevation in vertical spaces Editor: FrancËois Rigal, CNRS - Universite de Pau et and tended to decrease with increasing elevation. With increased latitude, longitude, and des Pays de l'Adour - E2S UPPA, FRANCE elevation, β-Diversity diminished; meanwhile, the rate of species turnover decreased and Received: September 4, 2018 the similarity of community composition enlarged. -
The World at the Time of Messel: Conference Volume
T. Lehmann & S.F.K. Schaal (eds) The World at the Time of Messel - Conference Volume Time at the The World The World at the Time of Messel: Puzzles in Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment and the History of Early Primates 22nd International Senckenberg Conference 2011 Frankfurt am Main, 15th - 19th November 2011 ISBN 978-3-929907-86-5 Conference Volume SENCKENBERG Gesellschaft für Naturforschung THOMAS LEHMANN & STEPHAN F.K. SCHAAL (eds) The World at the Time of Messel: Puzzles in Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment, and the History of Early Primates 22nd International Senckenberg Conference Frankfurt am Main, 15th – 19th November 2011 Conference Volume Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung IMPRINT The World at the Time of Messel: Puzzles in Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment, and the History of Early Primates 22nd International Senckenberg Conference 15th – 19th November 2011, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Conference Volume Publisher PROF. DR. DR. H.C. VOLKER MOSBRUGGER Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Editors DR. THOMAS LEHMANN & DR. STEPHAN F.K. SCHAAL Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany [email protected]; [email protected] Language editors JOSEPH E.B. HOGAN & DR. KRISTER T. SMITH Layout JULIANE EBERHARDT & ANIKA VOGEL Cover Illustration EVELINE JUNQUEIRA Print Rhein-Main-Geschäftsdrucke, Hofheim-Wallau, Germany Citation LEHMANN, T. & SCHAAL, S.F.K. (eds) (2011). The World at the Time of Messel: Puzzles in Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment, and the History of Early Primates. 22nd International Senckenberg Conference. 15th – 19th November 2011, Frankfurt am Main. Conference Volume. Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main. pp. 203. -
Paleogene and Neogene Time Scale of GTS 2012 Paleogene Neogene N
Paleogene and Neogene Time Scale of GTS 2012 Paleogene Neogene N. Vandenberghe 1, F.J. Hilgen 2 and R.P. Speijer 3 F.J. Hilgen 1, L.J. Lourens 2 and J.A. Van Dam 3 1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K. U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, B - 3001 Leuven, Belgium, [email protected] 1. Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands, [email protected] 2. Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands, [email protected] 2. Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands, [email protected] 3. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K. U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaal 200E, B - 3001 Leuven, Belgium, [email protected] 3. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP), Campus de la UAB, Mòdul ICP, E-08193 cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain, [email protected] Of the 9 Paleogene stages, only 3 remain to be formally defined: the Bartonian and Priabonian stages of upper Paleogene Time Scale Eocene and the Chattian (base of upper Oligocene). Larger 18 13 AGE Epoch/Age Polarity Mega- Dinoflagellate Cysts North American O C AGE -1.0 -0.5 -0.5 Of the 8 Neogene stages, only 2 remain to be formally defined: the Burdigalian and Langhian stages of lower and middle Mio- (Ma) Chron Cycles Planktonic Foraminifera Benthic Calcareous Nannofossils Radiolarians NALMA MP European Mammals ALMA SALMA 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Age (Stage) (Ma) During the Paleogene, the global climate, being warm (Stage) Northwestern Europe Mammals other zones Foraminifera ELMA R T low latitude southern high latitude until the late Eocene, shows a significant cooling trend cene. -
Constraints on the Timescale of Animal Evolutionary History
Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history Michael J. Benton, Philip C.J. Donoghue, Robert J. Asher, Matt Friedman, Thomas J. Near, and Jakob Vinther ABSTRACT Dating the tree of life is a core endeavor in evolutionary biology. Rates of evolution are fundamental to nearly every evolutionary model and process. Rates need dates. There is much debate on the most appropriate and reasonable ways in which to date the tree of life, and recent work has highlighted some confusions and complexities that can be avoided. Whether phylogenetic trees are dated after they have been estab- lished, or as part of the process of tree finding, practitioners need to know which cali- brations to use. We emphasize the importance of identifying crown (not stem) fossils, levels of confidence in their attribution to the crown, current chronostratigraphic preci- sion, the primacy of the host geological formation and asymmetric confidence intervals. Here we present calibrations for 88 key nodes across the phylogeny of animals, rang- ing from the root of Metazoa to the last common ancestor of Homo sapiens. Close attention to detail is constantly required: for example, the classic bird-mammal date (base of crown Amniota) has often been given as 310-315 Ma; the 2014 international time scale indicates a minimum age of 318 Ma. Michael J. Benton. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Philip C.J. Donoghue. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Robert J. -
Addition of Clopidogrel to Aspirin in 45 852 Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial
Articles Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45 852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial COMMIT (ClOpidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial) collaborative group* Summary Background Despite improvements in the emergency treatment of myocardial infarction (MI), early mortality and Lancet 2005; 366: 1607–21 morbidity remain high. The antiplatelet agent clopidogrel adds to the benefit of aspirin in acute coronary See Comment page 1587 syndromes without ST-segment elevation, but its effects in patients with ST-elevation MI were unclear. *Collaborators and participating hospitals listed at end of paper Methods 45 852 patients admitted to 1250 hospitals within 24 h of suspected acute MI onset were randomly Correspondence to: allocated clopidogrel 75 mg daily (n=22 961) or matching placebo (n=22 891) in addition to aspirin 162 mg daily. Dr Zhengming Chen, Clinical Trial 93% had ST-segment elevation or bundle branch block, and 7% had ST-segment depression. Treatment was to Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Richard Doll continue until discharge or up to 4 weeks in hospital (mean 15 days in survivors) and 93% of patients completed Building, Old Road Campus, it. The two prespecified co-primary outcomes were: (1) the composite of death, reinfarction, or stroke; and Oxford OX3 7LF, UK (2) death from any cause during the scheduled treatment period. Comparisons were by intention to treat, and [email protected] used the log-rank method. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00222573. or Dr Lixin Jiang, Fuwai Hospital, Findings Allocation to clopidogrel produced a highly significant 9% (95% CI 3–14) proportional reduction in death, Beijing 100037, P R China [email protected] reinfarction, or stroke (2121 [9·2%] clopidogrel vs 2310 [10·1%] placebo; p=0·002), corresponding to nine (SE 3) fewer events per 1000 patients treated for about 2 weeks. -
DSA10 Dawson
Mary R. Dawson Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh Paleogene rodents of Eurasia Dawson, M.R., 2003 - Paleogene rodents of Eurasia - in: Reumer, J.W.F. & Wessels, W. (eds.) - DISTRIBUTION AND MIGRATION OF TERTIARY MAMMALS IN EURASIA. A VOLUME IN HONOUR OF HANS DE BRUIJN - DEINSEA 10: 97-126 [ISSN 0923-9308] Published 1 December 2003 Soon after their Asian origin in the Late Paleocene, rodents began a morphological radiation and geographic expansion that extended across the entire Holarctic and at least northern Africa. Following this initial dispersal, a relatively high degree of endemism developed among Eocene rodents of both Europe and Asia. Only the family Ischyromyidae was shared by Europe and Asia, but the ischyromyid genera of the two areas were highly divergent. Eocene endemic development appears to have been complete among the glirids and theridomyids of Europe and the ctenodacty- loids of Asia. The evolution of Cylindrodontidae, Eomyidae, Zapodidae, and Cricetidae in Asian Eocene faunas occurred independently of contemporary rodent faunal developments in Europe. Following the latest Eocene or early Oligocene regression of the marine barrier between Europe and Asia, marked faunal changes occurred as a result both of the evolution of new rodent families (e.g., Aplodontidae, Castoridae, Sciuridae) that accompanied climatic changes of the later Eocene and of changes in rodent distribution across the Holarctic. Within Europe, the theridomorphs were at last negatively impacted, but the glirids appear not to have been adversely affected. In the Asian Oligocene, the ctenodactyloids continued to be a prominent part of rodent faunas, although they were diminished in morphologic diversity. -
Annex B. Resettlement Criteria for the Xiaolangdi Project
Document of The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Report No.: 43061 Public Disclosure Authorized PROJECT PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT REPORT PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA XIAOLANGDI RESETTLEMENT PROJECT (CREDIT 2605-CHA) February 20, 2007 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Sector, Thematic and Global Evaluation Division Independent Evaluation Group Currency Equivalents (annual averages) Currency Unit = Yuan (Y) 1994 (Nov) US$1.00 =Y 8.70 (Xiaolangdi Resettlement Approved) 2003 (DEC) US$1.00 =Y 8.29 (Xiaolangdi Resettlement Completed) Abbreviations and Acronyms CAS - Country Assistance Strategy CRO - County Resettlement Office EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMO - Environment Management Office EMP - Environmental Management Plan EPB - Environment Protection Bureau ERR - Economic Rate of Return ESE - Environmental Supervising Engineer HCWCF Henan China Water Consulting Firm (Associated with NCWCHI) HPRO - Henan Provincial Resettlement Office ICR - Implementation Completion Report IDA - International Development Association MOF - Ministry of Finance MTR - Mid-term Review MWR - Ministry of Water Resources NCWCHI North China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Institute NRCR - National Research Centre For Resettlement POE - Panel of Experts RPDI - Reconnaissance Planning And Design Institute SAR - Staff Appraisal Report VEO - Village Environmental Officer SAR - Staff Appraisal Report SPRO - Shanxi Provincial Resettlement Office YRCC - Yellow River Conservancy Commission YRCH - Yellow River Central Hospital YRCCRO Yellow River Conservancy Commission Resettlement Office YRWHDC Yellow River Water Hydropower Development Corporation YRWHDCRO YRWHDC Resettlement Office LAND MEASUREMENT: 1 ha. = 15 mu Fiscal Year Government: January 1 — December 31 Director-General, Independent Evaluation : Mr. Vinod Thomas Director, Independent Evaluation Group (World Bank) : Mr. Ajay Chhibber Manager, Sector, Thematic and Global Evaluation Division : Mr. Alain Barbu Task Manager : Mr. George T. -
Latest CPC Measures Publicized in Shanxi
6 | DISCOVER SHANXI Thursday, December 3, 2020 CHINA DAILY Latest CPC measures publicized in Shanxi New industrial growth pattern, rural development, environmental protection and deepening reforms high on provincial authorities’ agenda own innovative plans based on the spirit of the plenary session. “In the next five years and beyond, poverty reduction, balanced eco nomic development and environ mental protection will be the priorities of the government’s agen da,” Yang said. Yang Xiaoshan, Party secretary of By YUAN SHENGGAO Xin’anquan township in the city, said she is happy with the agricul The Fifth Plenary Session of the tural and rural developmentrelated 19th Central Committee of the Com policies proposed by the plenary munist Party of China was held in session. Beijing from Oct 26 to 29. “As an official working for agricul The session adopted the CPC Cen ture and rural affairs, I’m fully tral Committee’s proposals for the aware of the importance of my mis formulation of the 14th FiveYear sion,” Yang Xiaoshan said. “We have Plan (202125) for National Eco made great achievements in poverty nomic and Social Development and alleviation this year and we will the LongRange Objectives Through devote more efforts to creating a the Year 2035, according to a com welloff society in our town.” munique released from the confer Feng Zhijun, chief of the Shanxi ence. Stateowned Assets Supervision and By outlining the blueprints for Administration Commission, pre national economic and social devel sided over a meeting on Nov 18 in opment for the next five years and Shanxi Coking Coal Group based in longterm goals for the next 15 years, Taiyuan, the provincial capital of the plenary session provided an Shanxi. -
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT of NEW YORK X DAN KORACH, Individually and on Behalf of All Others Similarly
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK x DAN KORACH, Individually and on Behalf of : Civil Action No. All Others Similarly Situated, : : COMPLAINT FOR VIOLATION OF THE Plaintiff, : FEDERAL SECURITIES LAWS : vs. : DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL : PUDA COAL, INC., MING ZHAO, LIPING : ZHU, QIONG WU and YAO ZHAO, : : Defendants. : x Plaintiff alleges the following based upon the investigation of plaintiff’s counsel, which included a review of United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filings by Puda Coal, Inc. (“Puda” or the “Company”), as well as regulatory filings and reports, securities analysts’ reports and advisories about the Company, press releases and other public statements issued by the Company, and media reports about the Company, and plaintiff believes that substantial additional evidentiary support will exist for the allegations set forth herein after a reasonable opportunity for discovery. NATURE OF THE ACTION 1. This is a federal class action on behalf of purchasers of the common stock of Puda between November 13, 2009 and April 11, 2011, inclusive (the “Class Period”), seeking to pursue remedies under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). JURISDICTION AND VENUE 2. The claims asserted herein arise under and pursuant to Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act [15 U.S.C. §§78j(b) and 78t(a)] and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder by the SEC [17 C.F.R. §240.10b-5]. 3. This Court has jurisdiction over the subject matter of this action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §1331 and Section 27 of the Exchange Act. 4. -
Advanced Online Publication
ChinaXiv合作期刊 古 脊 椎 动 物 学 报 VERTEBRATA PALASIATICA A new species of Brontotheriidae from the Middle Eocene of Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China Li Shuo1,2 (1 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 [email protected]) (2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049) Abstract A new species of large Irdinmanhan brontothere, Epimanteoceras mae sp. nov., is described based on an incomplete skull which was collected from the Üqbulak Formation of Sangequan site, Junggar Basin of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The new specimen can Advancedbe assigned to the genus Epimanteocerasonline by the large superorbital publication processes, the broad frontal bone, the shallow central fossae on the molars, and the absence of the anterolingual cingular cusp on molars and the hypocone on M3. E. mae is characterized by the slightly laterally bowed zygomatic arches, the medially arched parasagittal ridges, the posteromedially angled external auditory pseudomeatus, and the prominent occipital pillar processes. E. mae and E. formosus are closely related. It is uncertain whether E. mae or E. formosus forms the sister group to Brontotheriina, but both of them are the basal group of the latter in the phylogenetic analysis. They are both closed to the Irdinmanhan brontothere Protitan grangeri from Nei Mongol but much primitive than Aktautitan hippopotamopus from Kazakhstan. The discovery of E. mae in Sangequan indicates that the age of Üqbulak Formation is Middle Eocene, and earlier than that of Kyzylbulak Formation bearing A. hippopotamopus in Kazakhstan. Moreover, the discovery of E. -
Boletales, Paxillaceae) with Emphasis on the Species from China
Molecular Data Reveals Rich Diversity of the Sequestrate Genus Melanogaster (Boletales, Paxillaceae) with Emphasis on the Species from China Xiang-yuan Yan Capital Normal University Yu-yan Xu Capital Normal University Ting Li Capital Normal University Tao-yu Zhao Capital Normal University Jing-chong Lv Capital Normal University Li Fan ( [email protected] ) Capital Normal University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9887-7086 Research Keywords: false true, hypogeous fungi, new taxa, phylogeny, taxonomy Posted Date: November 4th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-100635/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/23 Abstract Malanogaster are ectomycorrhizal fungi characterized by hypogeous fruitbodies. Many ITS rDNA sequences of Malanogaster are recovered from molecular surveys of fungal communities, and remain insuciently identied making it dicult to determine whether these sequences represent conspecic or novel taxa. In this study, the ITS sequences of Malanogaster were collected comprehensively and analyzed within ITS-based phylogenetic framework. Twenty-one distinct phylogenetic species can be distinguished based on the ITS phylogeny and a threshold of 98% ITS sequence identity, and most species of Melanogaster showed more than 98.1% intraspecic ITS identity and less than 97.9% interspecic identity. Ten species were recognized from China, but combined morphology, nine of which were described and illustrated in this manuscript, including 4 new species (M. minobovatus nov. sp., M. panzhihuaensis nov. sp., M. quercus nov. sp. and M. tomentellus nov. sp.), 1 new combination (M. obvatus comb. & stat. nov.), and 4 known species (M. -
Phylogenetic Relationships and Divergence Times in Rodents Based on Both Genes and Fossils Ryan Norris University of Vermont
University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2009 Phylogenetic Relationships and Divergence Times in Rodents Based on Both Genes and Fossils Ryan Norris University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Recommended Citation Norris, Ryan, "Phylogenetic Relationships and Divergence Times in Rodents Based on Both Genes and Fossils" (2009). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 164. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/164 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AND DIVERGENCE TIMES IN RODENTS BASED ON BOTH GENES AND FOSSILS A Dissertation Presented by Ryan W. Norris to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Specializing in Biology February, 2009 Accepted by the Faculty of the Graduate College, The University of Vermont, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, specializing in Biology. Dissertation ~xaminationCommittee: w %amB( Advisor 6.William ~il~atrickph.~. Duane A. Schlitter, Ph.D. Chairperson Vice President for Research and Dean of Graduate Studies Date: October 24, 2008 Abstract Molecular and paleontological approaches have produced extremely different estimates for divergence times among orders of placental mammals and within rodents with molecular studies suggesting a much older date than fossils. We evaluated the conflict between the fossil record and molecular data and find a significant correlation between dates estimated by fossils and relative branch lengths, suggesting that molecular data agree with the fossil record regarding divergence times in rodents.