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Identify Critical Fish Habitats in the Mekong River, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand

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Identify Critical Fish Habitats in the Mekong River, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand 1 Final Report Identify Critical Fish Habitats in the Mekong River, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand Prepared by Mr. Boonsong Sricharoendham Ms. Suthida Soebeen Ms. Parichat Musikatham Ms. Siriwan Suksri Department of Fisheries, Thailand, December 2015 2 Executive summary The study on identify critical fish habitats in the Mekong River, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand (activity 2.2.1) is an activity under the project of Transboundary Fisheries Management in the Bordering Provinces of Bokeo, Lao PDR, and Chiang Rai, Thailand. The objectives are; 1) to identify critical habitats for spawning, nursing and refuge during dry season, 2) to discuss the relevance of these habitats for recruitment capacity of fish stocks and 3) to explore ideas for conservation of these habitats and implications for local and transboundary fisheries management. All data collection and field surveys were conducted at the four target villages and their monitoring sites nearby during June 2014 to October 2015. The 4 target villages composted of; 1) Ban Don Tee, Ban Muang Kan, 3) Ban Pak Ing Tai and 4) Ban Huai Luek where covered the distance of Mekong mainstream about 80-90 km long. PRA study and LEK expert interview were applied in the village with local communities and fisher expert. Also dominant fish gonad development and fish larvae sampling were also investigated in those area. The result found that the Mekong mainstream in Chiang Rai province located at the middle part of the total Mekong river length where about 400 m above mean sea level and 2,200 to 2,300 km far from the river headwater. The characteristic of the Mekong mainstream in these 4 targets villages were quite difference together. At present, the high water regime started from June to November, and the rising period of water regime was in June to September. From interviewing of 28 expert fishers in those 4 target villages found that their age ranged between 32-65 years old with an average of 48.1 years. The average fishing experience was about 29.1 year but did not much vary with the age of fisher. At Ban Don Tee and Ban Muang Kan villages where located about 40 and 25 km above Chiang Khong district were surrounding of others 3-4 communities. It has to be many small rapids and deep pool area between these 2 villages which more appropriate for fish spawning ground and refuge habitats in dry season period. For nursing ground, it was high variation for Ban Don Tee, may be due to the strong velocity of Mekong mainstream in this sites. While Ban Muang Kan where the river stream expanded which connected to swamp and flood area was still suitable condition for nursing habitat. At Ban Pak Ing Tai village about 15 km below Chiang Khong district where it was a quite high of fishing pressure. There was low efficiency of spawning ground in the upper part of village but still has more efficiency in the lower part where located of a few rapids and small deep pool. This site also has some good habitat for nursing ground such as in the Ing river area. At Ban Huai Luek village where located about 40 km below Chiang Khong district, some lower part of this village was also good location for fish spawning ground and refuge habitats which many rapids and deep pool area. From scientific validation on investigation of dominance fish gonad development found that many dominant fish species can be achieved to the upper most area of Ban Don Tee village. It was confirmed that those fish species also migrated for searching their spawning ground to this area. Also for fish larvae surveys around those 4 villages were proved that there were many fish larvae and fingerling availability in those areas for nursing habitats. In conclusion, there are many management option can be applied to transboundary fisheries management in this area, if the two bordering provinces and countries has joint cooperation. 3 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Objectives of the study 1 3. Expected Outputs 2 4. Literature review 2 4.1 Habitats types 2 4.2 Fish diversity and abundance 2 4.3 Fishing ground 4 4.4 Fisheries regulation 4 5. Methodology of study 8 5.1 Study area 8 5.2 Study period and site visit 9 5.3 Methods for data collection 9 5.4 Data analysis and comparison 10 6. Results and discussion 14 6.1 Characteristic of Mekong mainstream at 4 study sites 14 6.2 LEK and information from fisher expert 17 6.3 Scientific validation of spawning habitats 32 6.4 Scientific validation of nursing habitats 34 6.5 Habitat ground truth and GPS positioning 38 6.6 Rechecking data by focus group discussion 39 6.7 Integrated information analysis 39 7. Conclusion 41 8. Recommendation 41 9. References 42 4 Lists of Figures Figure 1 Map of the Mekong Ecosystems along the Mekong River in Chiang Rai 3 province. Figure 2 Map of fish conservation zones in Chiang Khong to Wieng Kane area. 7 Figure 3 Map of study sites of 4 target villages in Chiang Rai province, Thailand. 8 Figure 4 PRA study, group discussion with the LEK expert, and face to face expert fisher 11 interview for investigation of critical fish habitat in the 4 target villages. Figure 5 Validation of spawning ground by investigation of gonad development of 12 dominant fish species in the 4 target villages during April 2014 to August 2015. Figure 6 Mapping on all sampling stations of nursing ground survey in the 4 target 12 villages. Figure 7 Validation of nursing ground by investigation of fish larvae survey from 14 13 stations in the 4 target villages during October 2014 and June 2015. Figure 8 Fishing ground at the 4 villages during the study period of 2014-2015. 15 Figure 9 The topography and profile of Mekong mainstream in Chiang Rai province. 16 Figure 10 Daily water regime of Mekong river at Chiang Saen station during 2012-2015. 16 Figure 11 All of fisher expert in the 4 target villages who providing fish habitats and 17 fishing characteristic information in the Mekong mainstream. Figure 12 Information on resources mapping and habitats of 4 targets villages along the 19 Mekong mainstream. Figure 13 Mapping resources of community, fishing ground and habitats around Ban 24 Don Tee. Figure 14 Mapping resources of community, fishing ground and habitats around Ban 25 Muang Kan. Figure 15 Mapping resources of community, fishing ground and habitats around Ban 26 Pak Ing Tai. Figure 16 Mapping resources of community, fishing ground and habitats around Ban 27 Huai Luek. Figure 17 Pictures of fish conservation zone in the Mekong River of those 4 target 29 villages. Figure 18 Pictures of fish spawning habitats in Mekong mainstream, information from 30 interviewing of fisher expert in 4 target villages. Figure 19 Pictures of critical fish habitats of refuge in dry season in the Mekong 31 mainstream, information from fisher expert interviewing in 4 target villages. Figure 20 Pictures of activities of gonad development investigation in the 4 target 33 villages. Figure 21 The abundance of fish larvae survey from 4 target village during 2014-2015. 34 Figure 22 Comparison of fisheries potential in the study area from 6 dimensions of 14 40 topics. 1 Lists of Table Table 1 List of fish species name found in the Mekong river of Chiang Rai province. 5 Table 2 Processes of FCZs establishment in Chiang Khong under the WWF project. 6 Table 3 Fish Conservation Zones (FCZ) in Chiang Khong district established under 7 WWF project Table 4 The characteristic of the Mekong mainstream at the area of 4 target villages. 14 Table 5 List of fisher name, location and their experiences of the expert fisher 18 from 4 target villages of the Mekong mainstream in Chiang Rai province. Table 6 Summarize information derived from PRA study and expert fisher 20 interview at 4 target villages. Table 7 Summarizes of fishing activities and gear used from PRA study and 21 expert fisher interview at 4 target villages. Table 8 List of critical fish habitats found in the Mekong mainstream and their 28 tributaries from 4 target villages. Table 9 Information from investigation of gonad development of dominant species 32 at 4 target village during July 2014 - August 2015. Table 10 The result of fish larvae survey from 4 target village during 2014-2015. 34 Table 11 Species and number of fish larvae (ind./100m2) found from 4 target 35 village during the survey of August 2014 and June 2015. Table 12 The GPS positioning f fish conservation zone in the Mekong River of those 4 38 target villages. Table 13 Group discussion for recheck of all habitats investigation in 4 target 39 villages. Table 14 Comparison of fisheries potential in the 4 target study areas from 6 40 dimensions of 14 topics consideration. 1 Identify Critical Fish Habitats in the Mekong River, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand (Activity 2.2.1) 1. Introduction 1.1 Background The development activities implemented in the Mekong River in one country can affect also the other riparian countries. Fisheries are interlinked, from local to regional levels crossing national boundaries of riparian countries, the development in the Mekong river basin initiatives can affect the abundance fisheries resources, which consequently directly impact on people’s livelihoods. Therefore, fisheries management in the Mekong river basin is ideally planned and implemented by using a geographically integrated and trans-boundary approach. This project implementation of Thailand national activities is prepared based on the project document Transboundary Fisheries Management on the Mekong River in the Bordering provinces of Bokeo, Lao PDR and Chiang Rai, Thailand, which was developed with actively supported by the National Mekong Committee (NMCs), the fisheries line agencies and relevant parties from the various levels and local authorities of the respective countries (Lao PDR and Thailand).
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