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The Oceanography and Modelling of the Pontevedra Ria (NW Spain)

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The Oceanography and Modelling of the Pontevedra Ria (NW Spain) University of Plymouth PEARL https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk 04 University of Plymouth Research Theses 01 Research Theses Main Collection 2003 The Oceanography and Modelling of the Pontevedra Ria (NW Spain) Dale, Andrew W. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1966 University of Plymouth All content in PEARL is protected by copyright law. Author manuscripts are made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or author. The Oceanography and Modelling of the Pontevedra Ria (NW Spain) A. W. Dale Ph.D 2003 1 LIBRARY STORE UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH Item No. Date - 1 APR 200'! Class No, Cont. No. PLYMOUTH LIBRARY Copyright This copy of the thesis has been supphed on condition that anyone who consuUs it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be pubUshed without the author's prior written consent. Signed. .1JSjt^ o3> Date. \{X The Oceanography and Modelhng of the Pontevedra Ria (NW Spain) By Andrew W. Dale M.Sc, B.Sc. (Hons) A thesis submitted to the University of Plymouth in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science In collaboration with: Institute de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC) Vigo, Spain m The Oceanography and Modelling of the Pontevedra Ria (NW Spain) Andrew William Dale Abstract A multidisciplinaiy study the oceanography of the Pontevedra Ria (NW Spain), including hydrography, biogeochemistiy and biogeochemical modeUlng, has been performed. The hydrographlcal variability of the Pontevedra Ria was dependent on freshwater inputs and upwelUng of nutrient-rich East North Atlantic Central Water from the shelf. Intrusions of the Poleward Current were also detected during winter. A stratified box model approach predicted that upweUing water fluxes into the ria of 2-4x103 m3 s*, of which >30% rises to the surface waters inside the ria. Freshwater residence time varied from -4-9 d in the central ria and 1-4 d in the internal ria. Nutrients concentrations showed a strong fluvial and oceanic signal, with a clear zone of near-bed aerobic reminerallsation in the internal ria. Nutrient flux experiments showed that high nutrient fluxes, partictdarly ammonium (3.5 mg N m-2 h-i), coincided with period of high water influx to the ria. These were related to stirring of quasi-benthic phytodetrital fluff. Denitrification was a major fate for particulate organic nitrogen in the sediment, averaging 2.5 mg N m-2 h-i for the spring and dry season. A non-steady state nutrient budget revealed that the central and internal zones of the Pontevedra Ria display different biogeochemical characteristics. Net community production [NCPj based on phosphate uptake was spatially and temporally variable, with rates of 9.6 and 20.2 mg C m-2 h > in central and internal rias in spring, respectively, and 30.3 and 29.0 mg C m-2 h-i in the dry season. Previously unquantifled benthic nutrient inputs were important, and up to 25% of NCP was due to the sediment nutrient flux in the dry season. Denitriflcation calculated with the nutrient budget equaUed 1.82 and 5.66 mg N m-2 hi in the dry season in the central and internal ria, respectively, and was equal to 27 and 42% of dry season NCP. The robustness of the box model was questioned, and found to be an unsuitable modelling approach for the Rias Bajas. This had clear implications for predicting NCP and net nutrient budgets to the coastal zone. Salinity and temperature were simulated with the commerciaUy-avaUable simulation shell, ECoS, to within the analytical error of the observed data. Inorganic nutrient concentrations and benthic effluxes were qualitatively and quantitatively agreeable with observed data. Rhytoplankton growth in ECoS was limited by up to 30% by phosphorus rather than nitrogen, as previously believed. The annual evolution of NCP was successfully reproduced by examining the chlorophyU-normaUsed rate of organic carbon production. Mean iVCP In the spring and dry season was 46.5 and 147 mg c m-2 h-i, which agreed weU with the literature. There were clear discrepancies between box model and ECoS-derived nutrient export to the Atlantic ocean. The definitions of constituent uptcike and remmerallsatlon processes between the two approaches were examined In the context of biogeochemical modelling and envfronmental management of the Rias Bajas. Acknowledgements This is the page where thanks are given to all those folk who have provided intellectual or spiritual guidance over the last three years. To avoid waffle (start as you mean to go on!), I'll keep this page as short as possible. In no particular order (although the bosses must go first), those people are: Directors of Study - Ricardo Prego and Geoff Millward. Many thanks are due to Ricardo for the opportunity to collaborate with the Marine Biogeochemistry Research Group at the Institute of Marine Research in Vigo (Spain). For fear of repeating acknowledgements to Geoff in his long line of research students, its probably not enough to say that he's "an all round good guy", although those who have had the pleasure to work with Geoff will testify that its true. Alan Tappin (UoP), John Harris (MBA) and Steve Smith (University of Hawaii) for helpful discussions and guidance for the modelling work in this thesis. Reg Uncles (PML) and Roy Lewis (Brixham) are also acknowledged for their help and advice. Mis sinceras gracais a mis colegas del grupo de Biogeoqfmica Marina por su apoyo moral y un sentido de humor durante los dias grises: Anna, Antonio, Beo, Carmen, Daniel, Farah, Marta, Patri, y por supuesto Fernando (Esos Chocos!!). To Nelson and Vlachislav, visiting scientists with many a good tale to tell. Thanks to the people who have had the esteemed pleasure to live with me over the last three years: Monica, Pa2, El Floripondio, Tono, Luis, Erik Fish, Apo and Piri. As excellent and capable crew members of the RV Mytilus, the last two capullos are worth mentioning again for brightening up those dull days at sea. At this point I should also mention the highly spirited Jorge and Ricardo, captain and cook-cum-f irst mate of said ship. Luis Freites and Erik Fish, thanks for the sharp sense of humour and the heavy drinking sessions. We will meet again in Venezuela and Japan, count on it!! Javier and Luisa, espero que todo vaya bien con la nueva adicion de tu familia. Son muy muy buena gente, ha sido un placer de verdad. Thanks to all the people in IIM who were always game for a laugh, including Fran, Lola, Carmen, Babarro, Tim, Santi, Roberta, Angel Gonzalez, Jaime, Francisco, Chimo, Alicia, Marigel, Cristina, Carmen Hernandez, las hermosas senhoras de la limpieza, y los vigilantes Alejandro y Jose. Various people from Environmental Sciences at the University of Plymouth, in particular my office chum Nui, next door neighbours Eric and Andy, and next next door neighbours Tamsin, Lee, Donella and Debbie. PERC (Plymouth) and CICYT (Spain) for keeping me financially solvent. Lost, and by no means least, my close family and friends who I can always rely on: Mom, Dad, LV, John, Rob, Jo, Mick, Big John Morgan, Little John Morgan, Luis Lustres and Paula Rey, my favourite Cuban clan JJJ (Jorge, Julia and Javier), AB+UF, AB (Alicante), Chris, Mark, Michelle, Nik and of course Sandra and the Martini tribe of Tangemunde! Declaration At no time during the registration for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy has the author been registered for any other University Award. This study was jointly financed by Plymouth Environmental Research Centre (PERC) and the Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CICYT, Spain). The Spanish fimds were provided imder the multidisciplinary, project "CICYT-MAR96-1782: The hydrodynamics and biogeochemical cycle of silicate in the Pontevedra Ria". The project field work was conducted between October 1997 and October 1998 and the assistance of all those involved is duly and gratefully acknowledged. This thesis is founded on the data collected during the sampling campaigns - the author was not responsible for the analytical procedures followed or sample analysis. A substantial part of this thesis has been published or submitted for publication. Published papers by the author while registered for the research degree can be found at the end of this thesis. Publications: Peer reviewed Dale, A. W. & Prego, R. 2003 Tidal and seasonal nutrient dynamics and budget in the Chupa Estuary, White Sea, Russia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 56, 377-389. Dale, A. W, & Prego, R. 2002. Physico-biogeochemical controls on benthic-pelagic coupling of nutrient fluxes and recycling in a coastal inlet affected by upwelling. Marine Ecology Progress Series 235, 15-28. Prego, R., Dale, A. W. et al. 2001 Hydrography of the Pontevedra Ria: Intra-annual spatial and ten^oral variability in a Galician coastal upwelling system (NW Spain). Journal of Geophysical Research 106 (C9), 19845-19858. Dale, A, W. & Prego, R. Modelling net community metabolism in the Pontevedra Ria (NW Spain) upwelling system. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science. In revision. Gonzalez, A. F., Otero, J., Guerra, A., Prego, R., Rocha, F. J. & Dale, A. W. Influence of the oceanographic regime on the planktonic phase of Octopus vulgaris in a seasonal upwelling region. Marine Ecology Progress Series. Submitted. Dale, A. W., Prego, R, Millward, G. E. & Gomez-Gesteira, M. Transient oceanic and tidal contributions to water exchange and residence times in a coastal upwelling system in the NE Atlantic: the Pontevedra Ria, Galicia.
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