DOCSLIB.ORG

THAI AIRWAYS INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED a N N U a L R E P O R T 1 9 9 9 / 2 0 0 0

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THAI AIRWAYS INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED a N N U a L R E P O R T 1 9 9 9 / 2 0 0 0 THAI AIRWAYS INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED A n n u a l R e p o r t 1 9 9 9 / 2 0 0 0 CONTENTS Operational Highlights of 1999/2000 2 Financial Highlights 3 Chairman’s Statement 4 Message from the Management 6 Review of 1999/2000 Operations 11 Review of 1999/2000 Finance 25 Ten-Year Review 32 Summary of Audit Committee Report 34 Report of Independent Auditor 36 Balance Sheets 38 Statements of Income 40 Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity 42 Statements of Retained Earnings 43 Statements of Cash Flows 44 Notes to the Financial Statements 46 Details of Shareholders and Board of Directors 56 Board of Directors 58 Management Team 60 Thai On-line Offices 1 O p e r a t i o n a l H i g h l i g h t s o f 1 9 9 9 / 2 0 0 0 Marked THAI’s 36th consecutive year of profitability Acquired 3 new aircraft and sold 2 aircraft bringing THAI’s fleet to a total of 79 aircraft THAI inaugurated its international flight on the route to Da Nang, Vietnam and domestic route to Petchaboon Province THAI launched its first online flight reservation service website at www.thaiairways.com in June 2000 THAI Cargo launched its online cargo service website at www.thaicargo.com in August 2000 THAI’s Head Office received the ISO 14001 Environmental Management Standard Certification while THAI’s General Administration Department received the ISO 9001 from Bureau Veritas Quality International (BVQI) THAI’s Flight Operations Department received the ISO 9001 certification from Det Norke Veritas (DNV), Norway THAI’s Technical Services Department received recognition in support of Thailand’s national programmes to reduce the use of ozone - depleting chemicals from the Ministry of Industry Voted as one of the world’s best airlines in product development and service delivery according to Inflight Research Survey (IRS) based in Oxford, England Royal Orchid Plus received the Freddie Awards 1999 for the third consecutive years Awarded the 1999 Most Outstanding Airline by Airfreight Forwarder Association Awarded the 1999 Airline of the Year by Auckland Airport, New Zealand 2 F i n a n c i a l H i g h l i g h t s Thai Airways International Public Company Limited and Subsidiaries Total Assets Operating Revenues Operating Profit (Million Baht) (Million Baht) (Million Baht) 17,164 167,727 160,000 120,000 121,712 15,000 14,932 150,585 13,187 144,810 107,653 130,000 100,000 105,493 10,000 100,000 90,000 5,000 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000 1998 1999 2000 (in million Baht, except amount per share) Fiscal Year 1999/2000 1998/1999 1997/1998 Total Assets 167,727 144,810 150,585 Shareholder’ Equity 9,602 9,960 4,410 Share Capital 14,000 14,000 14,000 Operating Revenues 121,712 107,653 105,493 Operating Profit 14,932 17,164 13,187 Profit before Tax 4,915 6,393 5,268 Net Profit 4,717 5,313 3,696 Amount per share (Baht) Per Value 10 10 10 Net Profit 3.37 3.79 2.64 Total Assets 119.81 103.44 107.56 Shareholders’ Equity 6.86 7.11 3.15 Note : The changing of accounting policies in fiscal year 1999 are not applicable to those used in the previous years. 3 C h a i r m a n ’ s S t a t e m e n t his year, THAI celebrated 40 years of success as the national flag carrier and is proud and determined to T become one of the world’s leading international airlines with high quality and service. Under a policy that focuses mainly on the importance of customers’ satisfaction and areas of potential development, THAI has overcome the difficulties arising from the world market instability in fuel prices plus the Thai baht devaluation and has moved into the new decade with a satisfactory business performance. Under the current increasingly fierce competition in the aviation industry, good strategic planning to meet the ever- changing market situation and environment is extremely important. Having THAI undertake privatization, in accordance with the Cabinet’s resolution will increase its operational efficiency in the long term. The resolution from the Cabinet on March 14, 2000 approved THAI’s privatization plan to sell a total of 400 million shares, which is equivalent to 23% of its registered capital. Sales of shares will be generated from the existing 100 million shares currently held by the Ministry of Finance and the 300 million shares newly issued by THAI. These shares have been allocated for sale to two groups - 10% for THAI’s business alliances, or strategic partners, and 13% for public offering of which 5% of the newly issued shares will be reserved for THAI’s employees. This will allow the government holding in THAI to remain no less than 70% of the total shares. Proceeds form the sale of shares will also help strengthen THAI’s financial standing as well as increase its competitiveness in the aviation industry. In order to gain market competitiveness, THAI has taken an aggressive approach through launching its website www.thaiairways.com - providing another choice for customers to conveniently receive flight reservation services, and another website www.thaicargo.com - accommodating customers of cargo services. Moreover, THAI is preparing to offer electronic ticketing or E-ticketing services by fiscal 4 year 2001. In addition, the ISO 9002 achievement by several of its departments witnesses THAI’s dedication to continuous development and improvement in order to enhance the quality of work. In this year, the General Administration Department and Flight Operation Department have successfully achieved ISO 9001 certification, while THAI’s Head Office was awarded the ISO 14001 Quality Management System. To promote the unique beauty of THAI’s culture and arts to the world, THAI took on a diplomatic mission showcasing Thai workmanship through the painting of the royal barge “Narai Song Suban” on one of its Airbus 330-300, which is a continuation of the project started in 1999 with the painting of a royal barge “Suphanahong” on a Boeing 747-400 aircraft. Moreover, to further enhance Thai tradition in its in-flight operation, THAI has replaced some imported products with the delicately made local handicraft products which also supports of the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). With determination to become the world’s leading airline, THAI continually improves its quality services, and plans this year to upgrade its in-flight facilities by providing Mahidol Chantrangkurn wider seats, better communication tools, in-flight Chairman entertainment systems, etc. Most important for THAI is the November 10, 2000 maintenance of good management practices for enhancing better work systems and human resource development in order to be well prepared for the future business management. On this special occasion, I wish to extend my deep appreciation to the management and staff for their full cooperation and dedication and to all shareholders for their continuous support of THAI’s operations. And on behalf of the Board of Directors and the management team, I pledge that we will do our best to lead Thai Airways International Public Company Limited to become one of the World’s Leading Airlines. 5 M e s s a g e f r o m t h e M a n a g e m e n t he year 2000 is yet another remarkable year for Thai Airways International Public Co., Ltd. as it has T successfully accomplished 40 years of service. Nevertheless, THAI will still continue to develop its service by upgrading its inflight facilities and service and its ground services in order to be well-prepared to compete in the highly competitive airline industry. As the national flag carrier, THAI accepted its role in raising the caountry is image and makingThailand known throughout the world. Thus THAI has generated income for the country and helped minimize the impact from world recession. Marketing Efficiency and Development The increasingly fierce competition amongst airlines has forced many airlines to change their strategies to be in accordance with the current changing economic situation. To maintain its market positioning, THAI has aggressively developed and increased its market efficiency with main focus on improving and adjusting its products, while ensuring every customer receives the highest benefits from using its services. THAI has also planned to expand its customer base through its Royal Orchid Plus program, that allows its customers to accumulate mileage points and redeem them for free flight tickets with Thai Airways International, by initiating cooperation with companies in 3 major sectors - Gas Stations, Department Stores, and Mobile Phone distributors. In an effort to create greater convenience for customer in obtaining seat reservation and selecting appropriate flights to fit each individual's travel schedule, THAI plans to install automatic ticketing machines in all major domestic airports where payment can be made through credit cards. Additionally, THAI has also launched its official website offering flight reservation services, which targets both international and domestic customers to make reservations online. 6 Increasing in Competitive Advantages Three years ago, THAI joined the Star Alliance Network - a network where all member airlines share a common goal - to provide the highest level of convenience and benefits for customers when traveling to any destination in the world as its slogan states “The airline network for Earth”. Just recently, Austrian Airlines Group (comprised of Austrian Airlines, Lauda Air, and Tyrolean Airways) and Singapore Airlines joined the alliance making to a total of 15 member airlines. With the addition of new members, the Star Alliance network now covers over 800 destinations in more than 130 countries worldwide.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE POLITICS of INCOME DISTRIBUTION in THAILAND by Brewster Grace August 1977
    SOUTHEAST ASIA SERIES Vol. XXV No. 7 (Thailand) THE POLITICS OF INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN THAILAND by Brewster Grace August 1977 Introduction Diverse economic, cultural, and political forces the country. We can then describe how it is dis- have coalesced and clashed in Thailand since Field tributed, how the need for redistribution further Marshall Thanom Kittikachorn and General Pra- broadened demands for more economic and polit- pass Charusathien established their absolute dic- ical participation and opportunity, and how, as tatorship in 1971. Their rule by decree virtually these demands resulted in increased instability, eliminated popular political participation at a time reaction to them also increased. when corruption and economic decline began to severely restrict economic participation and oppor- Basic Wealth tunity by low and middle income groups-the majority of the population of Thailand. Thailand's 1976 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), at current prices was an estimated US16 billion. Conflict first appeared in 1973 when students Agriculture, the largest single contributor and em- organized and rebelled against the rule by decree of ployer, accounted for nearly 27 percent or $4.3 Thanom and Prapass. It grew rapidly during the billion. following three years of civilian, representative government when activist efforts to reform basic Historically, rice made up the principal part of distribution patterns within the economy led to this production. And still today land on which it is increasing confrontation with politicized estab- grown, the product itself, its trade and its milling- lished economic interests. The latter included all provide production opportunities for most much of the military and newly mobilized rural Thais.
    [Show full text]
  • The King's Nation: a Study of the Emergence and Development of Nation and Nationalism in Thailand
    THE KING’S NATION: A STUDY OF THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF NATION AND NATIONALISM IN THAILAND Andreas Sturm Presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London (London School of Economics and Political Science) 2006 UMI Number: U215429 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U215429 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 I Declaration I hereby declare that the thesis, submitted in partial fulfillment o f the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and entitled ‘The King’s Nation: A Study of the Emergence and Development of Nation and Nationalism in Thailand’, represents my own work and has not been previously submitted to this or any other institution for any degree, diploma or other qualification. Andreas Sturm 2 VV Abstract This thesis presents an overview over the history of the concepts ofnation and nationalism in Thailand. Based on the ethno-symbolist approach to the study of nationalism, this thesis proposes to see the Thai nation as a result of a long process, reflecting the three-phases-model (ethnie , pre-modem and modem nation) for the potential development of a nation as outlined by Anthony Smith.
    [Show full text]
  • The Search for Order: Constitutions and Human Rights in Thai Political History
    The Search for Order: Constitutions and Human Rights in Thai Political History Thanet Aphornsuvan, Ph.D Faculty of Liberal Arts, Thammasat University, Bangkok Thailand. In 1997 Parliament passed the new Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand B.E. 2540(AD.1997). The new Constitution reflected the crystallization of 67 years of Thai democracy. In this sense, the promulgation of the latest constitution was not simply another amendment to the previous constitutions, but it was a political reform that involved the majority of the people from the very beginning of its drafting. The whole process of constitution writing was also unprecedented in the history of modern Thai politics. Unlike most of the previous constitutions that came into being because those in power needed legitimacy, the Constitution of 1997 was initiated and called for by the citizens who wanted a true and democratic regime transplanted on to Thai soil. This popular demand, fueled by the latest uprising in May 1992 against the military- controlled government, led to the election of the Constitution Drafting Assembly to rewrite the new constitution according to the wishes of the people. To make this Constitution closer to the wishes and aspirations of the people, the Constitution Drafting Assembly organized public hearings to enable concerned citizens and groups to air their opinions on a variety of topics and subjects crucial to the working and efficiency of the Constitution. Finally the new and first popular Constitution was submitted to Parliament with strong support from people of all walks. Its submission was followed by long debates and objections from certain leading members of the House who feared it was overly liberal in its strong support of human rights and liberties of the people.
    [Show full text]
  • Politics of Pibul: the National Leader
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 76-8306 KRAIRIKSH* Vlnlta* 1936- THE POLITICS OF PIBUL: THE NATIONAL LEADER. 1932-1944. The American University* Ph.D.* 1975 Political Science. International law and relations Xerox University MicrofilmsAnn Arbor, Michigan 46106 I PLEASE NOTE Page(s) not included with original material and unavailable from author or university .
    [Show full text]
  • Framing the Violence in Southern Thailand: Three Waves Of
    FRAMING THE VIOLENCE IN SOUTHERN THAILAND: THREE WAVES OF MALAY-MUSLIM SEPARATISM A thesis presented to the faculty of the Center for International Studies of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Sara A. Jones June 2007 This thesis entitled FRAMING THE VIOLENCE IN SOUTHERN THAILAND: THREE WAVES OF MALAY-MUSLIM SEPARATISM by SARA A. JONES has been approved for the Center for International Studies by Elizabeth Fuller Collins Associate Professor of Classics and World Religions Drew O. McDaniel Interim Director, Center for International Studies Abstract JONES, SARA A., M.A., June 2007, Southeast Asian Studies FRAMING THE VIOLENCE IN SOUTHERN THAILAND: THREE WAVES OF MALAY-MUSLIM SEPARATISM (130 pp.) Director of Thesis: Elizabeth Fuller Collins This thesis examines how the Thai newspaper, The Nation (an English-language daily), portrays the violence in the Malay-Muslim South through the use of agenda- setting concepts and framing analyses in articles published about four events in 2004. Two of the events are examples of state aggression against southern insurgents whereas the other two are instances in which southern insurgents were the primary aggressors against the state and/or citizens. The history of the Malay-Muslim dominant provinces is reviewed, showing how the separatist movement has evolved into three distinct waves. The original secessionist movements focused on ethnic Malay identity; over time elements of Islamist ideology were introduced such that the current movement is not recognizably a separatist or Islamist movement. This thesis also includes a short analysis of articles published in Matichon sutsapd, a Thai-language weekly, and shows how Malay-Muslim Thais in the South demand justice.
    [Show full text]
  • Income Inequality Political Instability and the Thai Democratic Struggle
    The Paris School of Economics Masters in Analysis and Policy in Economics (APE) Income Inequality, Political Instability, and the Thai Democratic Struggle Master Thesis of: Thanasak Jenmana Thesis Supervisors: Referee: Facundo Alvaredo Thomas Piketty September 6, 2018 For every woman and man who has fought against or suered from reducible injustice in Thailand, and all over the world. Abstract This thesis re-examines the dynamics of income inequality in Thailand between 2001 and 2016. The main motivation lies in the lack of information on the richest citizens in household surveys, which can lead to a signicant underestimation of the inequality level and to a false representation of the historical trend. We combined household surveys, scal data, and national accounts to create a more consistent inequality series. Our results indicate that income inequality is much higher than what past surveys have suggested, specically when looking at the reduction in inequality, which turns to be much more conservative. The top 10% income share went from 52.62% of national income in 2001 to 51.49% in 2016, and the bottom 50% share increased from 11.30% to 13.90%. Within the same time frame, the Gini coecient decreased by only 0.04, reaching 0.60 in 2016. These observed dynamics can be put into perspective using recent political conicts in Thailand, where a strong anti-democratic sentiment has been arsing within the middle and upper social classes. The growth incidence curve shows that, the bottom half have been growing faster than the average since 2001, while the middle class has been growing at a rate below the national average.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eclipse of the Astrologers: King Mongkut, His Successors, and the Reformation of Law in Thailand
    10 The Eclipse of the Astrologers: King Mongkut, His Successors, and the Reformation of Law in Thailand ANDREW J. HARDING You will do your best endeavour for knowledge of English language, science and literature, and not conversion to Christianity; as the followers of Buddha are mostly aware of the powerfulness of truth and virtue, as well as the followers of Christ, and are desirous to have facility of English language and literature more than new religions. King Mongkut’s Letter to Anna Leonowens, 1862 IKING MONGKUT’ S H OBBY I don’t believe in astrology; I’m a Sagittarius and we’re skeptical. Arthur C. Clarke In this chapter I wish to explore in a speculative vein a few notions arising from a long view of the development of law in Thailand from the time of King Mongkut through the reform period under his successors, which I hope would have implica- tions for approaches to comparative legal studies in Asia generally: there are certainly some resonances, but also a considerable measure of unique experience, which continues to be relevant to any appraisal of law in contemporary Thailand. What I hope to show, without expressly arguing the case, but perhaps by means of the example discussed, is that a legal historical approach is very fruitful as an exercise in comparative law, and also as instruction in the processes of law and development. More particularly, a longer view of legal change informs our under- standing of ‘other’ legal systems; at times challenging the immediacy and minutiae of contemporary studies. Further, while transplantation is so exhaustively debated today, this analysis demonstrates the longevity of the debates and suggests how relatively little has changed in the practice of legal borrowing.
    [Show full text]
  • FULLTEXT01.Pdf
    Essential reading for anyone interested in ai politics ­ and culture e ai monarchy today is usually presented as both guardian of tradition and the institution to bring modernity and progress to the ai people. It is moreover Saying the seen as protector of the nation. Scrutinizing that image, this volume reviews the fascinating history of the modern monarchy. It also analyses important cultural, historical, political, religious, and legal forces shaping Saying the Unsayable Unsayable the popular image of the monarchy and, in particular, of King Bhumibol Adulyadej. us, the book o ers valuable Monarchy and Democracy insights into the relationships between monarchy, religion and democracy in ailand – topics that, a er the in Thailand September 2006 coup d’état, gained renewed national and international interest. Addressing such contentious issues as ai-style democracy, lése majesté legislation, religious symbolism and politics, monarchical traditions, and the royal su ciency economy, the book will be of interest to a Edited by broad readership, also outside academia. Søren Ivarsson and Lotte Isager www.niaspress.dk Unsayable-pbk_cover.indd 1 25/06/2010 11:21 Saying the UnSayable Ivarsson_Prels_new.indd 1 30/06/2010 14:07 NORDIC INSTITUTE OF ASIAN STUDIES NIAS STUDIES IN ASIAN TOPICS 32 Contesting Visions of the Lao Past Christopher Goscha and Søren Ivarsson (eds) 33 Reaching for the Dream Melanie Beresford and Tran Ngoc Angie (eds) 34 Mongols from Country to City Ole Bruun and Li Naragoa (eds) 35 Four Masters of Chinese Storytelling
    [Show full text]
  • Trakun, Politics and the Thai State Katja Rangsivek
    Trakun, Politics and the Thai State Katja Rangsivek To cite this version: Katja Rangsivek. Trakun, Politics and the Thai State. Social Anthropology and ethnology. University of Copenhagen, 2013. English. tel-00850357 HAL Id: tel-00850357 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00850357 Submitted on 6 Aug 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. TRAKUN, POLITICS AND THE THAI STATE Katja Rangsivek Southeast Asian Studies Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies Prinicipal Supervisor: Dr. Dr.phil. Cynthia Gek Hua Chou Associate Professor with Special Qualifications Southeast Asian Studies Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies Co-Supervisor: Dr. Martin B. Platt Associate Professor Southeast Asian Studies Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies PhD Thesis February 2013 Faculty of Humanities University of Copenhagen i ii Abstract in English Political trakun are patrilineages that have distinguished themselves through engaging in politics over several generations by filling key positions of the state, such as the cabinet and parliament. The study of political trakun though has not yet been given academic attention. Despite most accounts of Thai political history being simultaneously the accounts of the royal and other elite families, little research has aimed to understand the entanglement of families and the state.
    [Show full text]
  • Deepening Ties, 1945–1975
    Part Two / Deepening Ties, 1945–1975 EE&Efinal.indd&Efinal.indd Sec1:67Sec1:67 55/17/09/17/09 88:59:59:59:59 AAMM “Nang Yai” by Kamol Thatsanayachalee, a Thai artist based in Los Angeles, California. 68 The Eagle and the Elephant EE&Efinal.indd&Efinal.indd Sec1:68Sec1:68 55/17/09/17/09 88:59:59:59:59 AAMM Peace Proclaimed Japan’s surrender on August 14, 1945, the king’s regent issued a peace proclamation stating that Thailand’s 1942 declaration of war on FollowingBritain and the United States was null and void because it was unconstitutional and contrary to the will of the Thai people. On August 21, U.S. Secretary of State James Byrnes accepted Thailand’s peace proclamation, which stated: The American government has always believed that the declaration did not represent the will of the Thai people. Accordingly, we disregarded that declaration and have continued to recognize the Thai minister in Washington as the minister of Thailand, although, of course, we did not recognize the Thailand government in Bangkok as it was under Japanese control … During the past four years we have regarded Thailand not as an enemy, but as a country to be liberated from the enemy. With that liberation now accomplished we look to the resumption by Thailand of its former place in the community of nations as a free, sovereign, and independent country. Ernest Beverin, the British foreign secretary, expressed a dif- ferent sentiment: Our attitude will depend on the way the Siamese meet the requirements of our troops now about to enter their country; the extent to which they undo the wrongs of their predecessors and make restitution for injury, loss and damage caused to the British and Allied interest; and the extent of their contribution to the restoration of peace, good order and economic rehabilitation.
    [Show full text]
  • Asia Quarterly
    Institut de Sociologie C entre d’Etude du (Fonde par Ernest Solvay) Sud-Est Asiatique University Libre de Bruxelles et de 1’Extreme-Orient ASIA QUARTERLY A JOURNAL FROM EUROPE EXTRAIT: 1976 THAILAND : ELECTIONS AND COALITION GOVERNMENT (Part II) * Ross PRIZZIA University of Hawaii E lection s — 1975 : O ld Po litic ia n s Play N ew Politics The elections which took place in January 1975, were to be a significant departure from all previous attempts at parliamentary democracy in Tailand in that they were precipitated by a student-led civilian revolt. However, in the midst of the student and labor movements and increasing domestic trends toward socialism, it was the Phuu Ying Yai, “ Old important people", that resumed control of the government. There was, of course, generally a more liberal trend with a plurality victory for the old “ loyal opposition” (Democrat Party), and a surprising number of seats (15) for the new Socialist Party of Thailand. However, the military and industrialists re- emerged with significant influence in the new government as candidates associated with the old UTPP (United Thai People’s Party) which was previously led by the deposed Prime Minister Thanom Kittikachorn, won over 100 seats under the banner of new party names. The four major parties backed by former UTPP members include the Social Justice Party which won 45 seats, Chart Thai with 28 seats, and the Social Agrarian and Social Nationalist parties which won 19 and 16 seats respectively. These election results precipitated the inevitable — Thailand’s first co­ alition government, which differed from the elections in 1969 in several ways.
    [Show full text]
  • Law and Kingship in Thailand During the Reign of King Chulalongkorn
    THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN CENTER FOR SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES MICHIGAN PAPERS ON SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA Editorial Board Alton L. Becker John K. Musgrave George B. Simmons Thomas R. Trautmann, chm. Ann Arbor, Michigan LAW AND KINGSHIP IN THAILAND DURING THE REIGN OF KING CHULALONGKORN by David M. Engel Ann Arbor Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies The University of Michigan 1975 Michigan Papers on South and Southeast Asia, 9 Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities/ Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 74-20343 International Standard Book No. 0-89148-009-9 Copyright 1975 by Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104 Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-0-89148-009-9 (paper) ISBN 978-0-472-12798-6 (ebook) ISBN 978-0-472-90194-4 (open access) The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ For Jaruwan CONTENTS Acknowledgements ix Chapter 1: Changing Theories of Royal Authority, Law and Government 1 A. Theories of Law and Kingship 1 B. Changes in the Administrative Structure 20 Notes 27 Chapter 2: The Legislative Function 33 A. The Early Period: Privy Council and Council of State 33 B. The Later Period: The Legislative Council, Provincial Legislative Powers, and the Legislative Function During the Regency 43 1. The Legislative Council 43 2. Provincial Legislative Powers and the Legislative Function During the Regency 49 3.
    [Show full text]