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Volume 40 October 1999 VOLUME 40 OCTOBER 1999 CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS VOLUME 40 January 1 to December 31, 1998 Cooperating Agencies: CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME UNlVERSllY OF CALIFORNIA, SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE CAlCOFl COORDINATOR George Hemingway EDITOR Julie Olfe This report is not copyrighted, except where otherwise indicated, and may be reproduced in other publications provided credit is given to the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations and to the author(s). Inquiries concerning this report should be addressed to CalCOFl Coordinator, Univer- sity of California, San Diego, Marine life Research Group, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0227. EDITORIAL BOARD Doyle Hanan Michael Mullin Michael Tillman PublishedOctober 1999, La Jolla, California lSSN 0575-33 17 CalCOFl Rep., Vol. 40, 1999 CONTENTS I. Reports, Review, and Publications Report of the CalCOFI Committee ................................................... 5 Review of Some California Fisheries for 1998: Pacific Sardine, Pacific Mackerel, Pacific Herring, Market Squid, Sea Urchin, Groundfishes, Swordfish, Sharks, Nearshore Finfishes, Abalone, Dungeness Crab, Prawn, Ocean Salmon, White Seabass, and Recreational ..................... 9 Index to “Review of Some California Fisheries,” 1977-1998 ................................. 25 Brown Shrimp Fishery in the Gulf of California. Enrique Morales-Bojdrquez andjuana Ldpez-Martinez .....28 The State of the California Current in 1998-1999: Transition to Cool-Water Conditions. Thomas L. Hayward, Tim R. Baurngavtnev, David M. Checkley, Reginald0 Durazo, Gilbert0 Gaxiola-Castro, K. David Hyrenbach, Arnold W Mantyla, Michael M. Mullin, Tom Murphree, Franklin B. Schwing, Paul E. Smith, and Mia]. Tegner .......................... 29 Publications .................................................................... 63 11. Symposium of the CalCOFI Conference, 1998 A CONTINUING DIALOG ON NO-TAKE RESERVES FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ..... 65 Analyzing California’s Marine Managed Areas: Existing Classifications and Options for the Future. Brian E. Baird, Melissa A. Miller-Henson, and Brice X. Sernrnens ............................. 67 Marine Protected Areas as a Precautionary Approach to Management. Mark H. Carr and Peter TRaimondi ............................................................. 71 Marine Reserves for Fisheries Management: Why Not. Richard Parrish .......................... 77 Marine Reserves and Management of the Northern California Red Sea Urchin Fishery. Louis W Botsford, Lance E. Morgan, Dale R. Lockwood, andjames E. Wilen ..................... 87 Spatial and Temporal Genetic Patchiness in Marine Populations and Their Implications for Fisheries Management. RalphJ Larson and Richard M.julian ............................... 94 Human Visitation and the Frequency and Potential Effects of Collecting on Rocky Intertidal Populations in Southern California Marine Reserves. Steven N.Murray, Eri Gibson Denis, janine S. Kido, andjayson R. Smith ................................... 100 Economic and Management Implications of No-Take Reserves: An Application to Sebastes Rockfish in California. Cynthia j. Thornson .......................................... 107 Social Considerations for Marine Resource Management: Evidence from Big Creek Ecological Reserve. Caroline Pomeroy .............................................. 118 111. Scientific Contributions Fine-Scale Distributions of Planktonic Fish Eggs in the Vicinities of Big Sycamore Canyon and Vandenberg Ecological Reserves, and Anacapa and San Miguel Islands, California. William Watson, Richard L. Charter, H. Geoffvey Mosev, Russell D. Ettev, David A. Ambrose, Sharon R. Charter, Larry L. Robertson, Elaine M. Sandknop, Eric A. Lynn, andjason Stannard ......... 128 Key Species in the Pelagic Copepod Community Structure on the West Coast of Baja California, Mexico. Sergio Hernhndez- Eujillo ................................................. 154 Variation in Fat Content of Northern Anchovy (Engraulis mordax) in Relation to the Baja California Environment. Walterio Garcia-Franco, Ricardo Vidal-Talamantes, Aljiedo Cota- Villavicencio,josi Ramon-Corrales, and Irene Prieto-Montalvo ....................... 165 Bioeconomics of the Pacific Sardine (Sardinops sagax) Fishery in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Antonio de Anda-MontaZez andjnan C. Seijo ......................................... 170 Length-Based Growth Estimates for Pacific Sardine (Sardinops sagax) in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Antonio de Anda-MontaZez, Francisco Arreguin-Sanchez, and Susana Martinez-Aguilar ........ 179 Variability of Sardine Catch as Related to Enrichment, Concentration, and Retention Processes in the Central Gulf of California. Salvador E. Lluch-Cota, Daniel B. Lluch-Cota, Daniel Lluch-Belda, Manuel 0. Nevdrez-Martinez, Alejandro Paris-Sierra, and Sergio Hernhndez- Vdzquez ............... 184 Age and Growth of Market Squid (Loligo opalescens) off California during 1998.john Butlev, Daniel Fullev, and Marci Yarernko .................................................. 191 Market Squid (Loligo opalescens) in the Diet of California Sea Lions (Zalopkus calqornianus) in Southern California (1981-1995). Mark S. Lowry andJames V Carretta ....................... 196 Instructions to Authors .............................................................. 208 CalCOFI Basic Station Plan ................................................. inside back cover Indexed in Current Contents. Abstracted in Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts and Oceanic Abstracts. COMMlllEE REPORT CalCOFl Rep., Vol. 40, 1999 Part I REPORTS, REVIEW, AND PUBLICATIONS REPORT OF THE CALCOFI COMMlllEE This year marks the fiftieth anniversary of the be- data. Work performed by our Mexican colleagues, partly ginning of the seagoing operations and time series of a consequence of mentoring and collaboration by sampling in the California Current that have become CalCOFI investigators over several decades, has begun the hallmark of CalCOFI’s research. In its five decades to help us understand how the Gulf of California stocks of collaborative work, CalCOFI has fielded over 300 of Pacific sardine contribute to the Pacific coast popu- coastal survey cruises, published over 6,000 documents lation (cf. de Anda-Montafiez and Seijo, Lluch-Cota et and scholarly papers, spawned several new fields of re- al., and de Anda-Montaiiez et al., this volume). search, and established benchmarks against which large- The Pacific sardine resource off California has now scale change may be evaluated. Methods of fishery and surpassed one million tons and is considered fully re- environmental research developed by CalCOFI scien- covered for the first time since the mid-1940s. At an tists are used as standards worldwide. The marriage of interagency Pacific sardine workshop held in 1983, it federal, state, and university scientists in such a long- was agreed that the sardine population would be con- term endeavor is particularly successful for economically sidered fully recovered when it reached a million tons, marshalling public resources. when it occupied its historic range (Mexico to Canada), This interagency approach to ocean measurement paid and when all historic age classes were represented in the off in the ability to investigate the recent El Niiio event. population. All of these criteria have now been met, rep- El Niiio of 1998 (because it had been predicted) and the resenting a real success story for Pacific sardines and fish- northward expansion of the growing population of ery managers. The most recent stock assessment, California sardme stimulated increased temporal and spa- conducted jointly by the California Department of Fish tial coverage of the California Current by CalCOFI and Game (CDFG) and the National Marine Fisheries cruises. In addition to the usual quarterly survey cruises Service (NMFS), estimated 1.07 million metric tons in in 1998, 48 extra ship days for 8 extra cruises were pro- the area off California’s coast (Ensenada, Mexico, to San vided by UC ship funds; extra salaries for data collec- Francisco) and up to 1.6 million metric tons coastwide tion and processing, and funds for supplies were made (Ensenada to British Columbia). Since the onset of the possible by a grant from the NOM Office of Global recovery, the sardine population is estimated to have Change. The data collected by the CalCOFI interagency increased by 20% to 30% per year in the presence of a consortium are summarized in Hayward et al. (this vol- steady fishery. Egg and larval data collected by the ume). Preliminary reports on the changes associated with CalCOFI program have been a crucial tool in measur- the 1998 El Niiio will be presented at the symposium ing the sardine’s recovery. of the 1999 CalCOFI Conference. The market squid (Loligo opulescens) has been the basis In 1999, CalCOFI returned to the less intense, quar- of an important fishery in California since the 1850s. In terly sampling that has been its standard since 1985. How- the last decade, increases in catch and price have com- ever, studies of sardme spawning as far north as Monterey bined to make market squid the most valuable fishery in Bay have continued, with near-surface sampling of fish the state. The squid fishery is the largest unregulated eggs and environmental properties. This sampling has open access fishery on the West Coast. At the CalCOFI
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