International Journal of Geo-Information Article Twitter Use in Hurricane Isaac and Its Implications for Disaster Resilience Kejin Wang 1,* , Nina S. N. Lam 1 , Lei Zou 2 and Volodymyr Mihunov 1 1 Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
[email protected] (N.S.N.L.);
[email protected] (V.M.) 2 Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected] Abstract: Disaster resilience is the capacity of a community to “bounce back” from disastrous events. Most studies rely on traditional data such as census data to study community resilience. With increasing use of social media, new data sources such as Twitter could be utilized to monitor human response during different phases of disasters to better understand resilience. An important research question is: Does Twitter use correlate with disaster resilience? Specifically, will communities with more disaster-related Twitter uses be more resilient to disasters, presumably because they have better situational awareness? The underlying issue is that if there are social and geographical disparities in Twitter use, how will such disparities affect communities’ resilience to disasters? This study examines the relationship between Twitter use and community resilience during Hurricane Isaac, which hit Louisiana and Mississippi in August 2012. First, we applied the resilience inference measurement (RIM) model to calculate the resilience indices of 146 affected counties. Second, we analyzed Twitter use and their sentiment patterns through the three phases of Hurricane Isaac— preparedness, response, and recovery. Third, we correlated Twitter use density and sentiment scores with the resilience scores and major social–environmental variables to test whether significant Citation: Wang, K.; Lam, N.S.N.; Zou, L.; Mihunov, V.