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State of Nature in the Dutch Caribbean: Saba and the Saba Bank
State of Nature in the Dutch Caribbean: Saba and the Saba Bank Open sea and deep sea (EEZ) Figure 1: Habitats of Saba (Verweij & Mücher, 2018) Wageningen Research recently published fields underwater, Saba is rich with a variety an alarming report on the state of nature of different habitats. Unfortunately, the for the three Dutch Caribbean islands recent Wageningen Research report shows (Bonaire, Saba and St. Eustatius), com- that many of these areas, both above missioned by the Ministry of Agriculture, and below water, are showing signs of Nature and Food Quality. All 33 experts degradation. that worked on this report concluded that the “Conservation status 1 of the Governments are beginning to understand biodiversity in the Caribbean Netherlands that managing nature goes beyond just is assessed as moderately unfavorable to protecting natural assets, but can also very unfavorable”. help promote positive economic growth (Ministry of Economic Affairs, 2013). Saba and St. Eustatius are two special mu- Protecting the environment means pro- nicipalities which make up the Caribbean tecting the services they provide such as Netherlands leeward islands. Saba con- natural coastal protection and recreational sists of the main island, Saba, and a large use for locals and tourists (de Knegt, 2014). submerged carbonate platform, the Saba TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and Bank. The Saba Bank is the largest national Biodiversity) recently valued the annual park in the Kingdom of the Netherlands total economic value of nature on Saba at (Saba Bank: 268.000 hectares; Wadden 28.4 million USD (Cado van der Lely et al., Sea 240.000 hectares), and has some of the 2014). -
Plum Piece Evidence for Archaic Seasonal Occupation on Saba, Northern Lesser Antilles Around 3300 BP Corinne L
Journal of Caribbean Archaeology Copyright 2003 ISSN 1524-4776 Plum Piece Evidence for Archaic Seasonal Occupation on Saba, Northern Lesser Antilles around 3300 BP Corinne L. Hofman Menno L.P. Hoogland Recent investigations on the island of Saba, northern Lesser Antilles, revealed evidence of preceramic occupation in the northwestern part of the island at an elevation of approxinately 400 m above sea level. The inland location of dense midden deposits in a tropical forest environment makes the Plum Piece site unique for studying the preceramic occupation of the Antilles, a period that is otherwise mainly known from coastal settings. The recovered artifacts and the radiocarbon dates support an attribution to the Archaic period of the preceramic Age. The nature of the tools and the restricted number of exploited food sources suggest a temporary, probably seasonal, occupation of the site for a unique activity. _____________________________________ Archaeological investigations on the island coastal exploitation in which shellfish of Saba, northern Lesser Antilles (Figure 1) predominates. The species collected are related during the summers of 2001 and 2002 revealed to the exploitation of specific coastal evidence of preceramic occupation at the site of environments, varying from mangroves to Plum Piece in the northwestern part of the island shallow-water and shallow-reef habitats. dating from approximately 3300 BP. Prior to these investigations a preceramic date of 3155± The atypical location of the site of Plum 65 BP had been obtained from the Fort Bay area Piece in the tropical forest area of Saba at an in the northeastern sector of Saba (Roobol and elevation of 400 m above sea level provides Smith 1980). -
The Value of Nature in the Caribbean Netherlands
The Economics of Ecosystems The value of nature and Biodiversity in the Caribbean Netherlands in the Caribbean Netherlands 2 Total Economic Value in the Caribbean Netherlands The value of nature in the Caribbean Netherlands The Challenge Healthy ecosystems such as the forests on the hillsides of the Quill on St Eustatius and Saba’s Mt Scenery or the corals reefs of Bonaire are critical to the society of the Caribbean Netherlands. In the last decades, various local and global developments have resulted in serious threats to these fragile ecosystems, thereby jeopardizing the foundations of the islands’ economies. To make well-founded decisions that protect the natural environment on these beautiful tropical islands against the looming threats, it is crucial to understand how nature contributes to the economy and wellbeing in the Caribbean Netherlands. This study aims to determine the economic value and the societal importance of the main ecosystem services provided by the natural capital of Bonaire, St Eustatius and Saba. The challenge of this project is to deliver insights that support decision-makers in the long-term management of the islands’ economies and natural environment. Overview Caribbean Netherlands The Caribbean Netherlands consist of three islands, Bonaire, St Eustatius and Saba all located in the Caribbean Sea. Since 2010 each island is part of the Netherlands as a public entity. Bonaire is the largest island with 16,000 permanent residents, while only 4,000 people live in St Eustatius and approximately 2,000 in Saba. The total population of the Caribbean Netherlands is 22,000. All three islands are surrounded by living coral reefs and therefore attract many divers and snorkelers. -
Fort Bay, 4 August 2017 the Executive Council Saba Island
Fort Bay, 4 August 2017 The Executive Council Saba Island Government Power Street 1 The Bottom Re.: Addressing urgent threats to Saba’s Trail Network Dear honorable Council Members, Saba’s historic trail network is a major attraction for our tourism industry. Because of the continuous upkeep and restoration efforts by the SCF in the past decades, the island has become a renown hiking destination and attracts tourists from all over the world. They appreciate the island’s unspoiled nature, serenity and breathtaking vistas, as a haven away from the hustle and bustle of urban society. Hiking and other nature related activities, like birdwatching, are steadily inclining, but still have not reached their full potential. Consequently, Saba’s prosperity and economy, now and in the future, are highly depend on the conservation of its unique, but very fragile marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Nonetheless, recently the integrity of the trail network has been seriously compromised. There have been numerous development activities, with no regards to Saba’s cultural heritage and nature, giving us no choice, but to close certain trails. 1. Sandy Cruz Trail Construction activities have destroyed parts of the path on the trail head in Upper Hell’s Gate. It is presently barely passable. This section was a favorite spot for many, if not most TV and film productions, including the famous “Happy from Saba” movie. Sandy Cruz, May 2014 Saba Conservation Foundation, PO Box 18, The Bottom, Saba, Caribbean Netherlands Phone: +599-416-3295 Fax: +599-416-3435 Email: [email protected] Page 1 of 4 Sandy Cruz, August 4, 2017 2. -
Preliminary Checklist of Extant Endemic Species and Subspecies of the Windward Dutch Caribbean (St
Preliminary checklist of extant endemic species and subspecies of the windward Dutch Caribbean (St. Martin, St. Eustatius, Saba and the Saba Bank) Authors: O.G. Bos, P.A.J. Bakker, R.J.H.G. Henkens, J. A. de Freitas, A.O. Debrot Wageningen University & Research rapport C067/18 Preliminary checklist of extant endemic species and subspecies of the windward Dutch Caribbean (St. Martin, St. Eustatius, Saba and the Saba Bank) Authors: O.G. Bos1, P.A.J. Bakker2, R.J.H.G. Henkens3, J. A. de Freitas4, A.O. Debrot1 1. Wageningen Marine Research 2. Naturalis Biodiversity Center 3. Wageningen Environmental Research 4. Carmabi Publication date: 18 October 2018 This research project was carried out by Wageningen Marine Research at the request of and with funding from the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality for the purposes of Policy Support Research Theme ‘Caribbean Netherlands' (project no. BO-43-021.04-012). Wageningen Marine Research Den Helder, October 2018 CONFIDENTIAL no Wageningen Marine Research report C067/18 Bos OG, Bakker PAJ, Henkens RJHG, De Freitas JA, Debrot AO (2018). Preliminary checklist of extant endemic species of St. Martin, St. Eustatius, Saba and Saba Bank. Wageningen, Wageningen Marine Research (University & Research centre), Wageningen Marine Research report C067/18 Keywords: endemic species, Caribbean, Saba, Saint Eustatius, Saint Marten, Saba Bank Cover photo: endemic Anolis schwartzi in de Quill crater, St Eustatius (photo: A.O. Debrot) Date: 18 th of October 2018 Client: Ministry of LNV Attn.: H. Haanstra PO Box 20401 2500 EK The Hague The Netherlands BAS code BO-43-021.04-012 (KD-2018-055) This report can be downloaded for free from https://doi.org/10.18174/460388 Wageningen Marine Research provides no printed copies of reports Wageningen Marine Research is ISO 9001:2008 certified. -
Ocha-Rolac-Caribbeanoverview-20200622.Pdf (English)
THE CARIBBEAN General overview As of March 2019 MONTSERRAT BAHAMAS BAHAMAS 16 15 18 8 BIRD ISLAND Independent CARICOM CDEMA UN Resident 2 CUBA 1 states members Participating StateTURKSs AND CAICOS ISLCooANDSrdinators 3 5 CAYMAN ISLANDS CUBA HAIDOMINICANTI REPUBLIC BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS NAVASSA ISLTURKSAND AND CAICOS ISLANDS MEXICO JAMAICA PUERTO RICO ANGUILLA UNITED STATES VIRGIN ISLANDS BELIZE SAINT KITTS AND NEVISANTIGUA AND BARBUDA 15 5 4 25 MONTSERRAT Territories CARICOM associate Countries and territories GUADELOUPE UNITEDGUA TESTMAATESLA OF AMERICA CDEMA BIRD ISLAND 4 members covered by RCs DOMINICA HONDURAS sub-hubs MARTINIQUE EL SALVADOR SAINT LUCIA SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINESBARBADOS NICARAGUA ARUBA CGENERALAYMAN ISLANDS INFORMATION CURBOANÇAIRE,AO SINT EUSTATIUSIndependent AND SABAGRENADA Income levels: High Middle Low HAITI DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ARUBA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BERMUDA TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO BRITISH VIRGIN ISL. 1 COSTA RICA NAVASSA ISLAND 5 ANGUILLA 3 JAMBAAICAHAMAS CURAÇAO BONAIRE PUERTO RICO ST. MARTIN PANAMA ST. MAARTEN U.S. VIRGIN ANTIGUA AND VENEZUELA ISLANDS BARBUDA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS GUYANA ST. KITTS AND NEVIS BELIZE TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS BAHAMAS COLOMBIA GUADELOUPE CUBA 4 SURINAME MONTSERRAT BAHAMAS BRAZIL DOMINICA ECUADOR CUBA TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS MARTINIQUE CAYMAN ISLANDS SAINT LUCIA CAYMAN ISLANDS HAITI CUBA HAIDOMINICANTI REPUBLIC BRDOMINICANITISH VIRGIN IS REPUBLICLANDS SAINT VINCENT NAVASSA ISLTURKSAND AND CAICOS ISLANDS MEXICO JAMAICA PUERTO RICO ANGUILLA AND -
First Report of Cannibalism in The
WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & IRCFAMPHIBIANS REPTILES • VOL 15,& NAMPHIBIANSO 4 • DEC 2008 •189 21(4):136–137 • DEC 2014 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS FEATURE ARTICLES First. Chasing Bullsnakes Report (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin:of Cannibalism in the On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: Saba AnoleA Hypothetical Excursion ( ............................................................................................................................Anolis sabanus), withRobert W. Hendersona Review 198 ofRESEARCH Cannibalism ARTICLES in West Indian Anoles . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ....................... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida 1 2 .............................................Brian J. RobertCamposano, Powell Kenneth L. andKrysko, Adam Kevin M. Watkins Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 1Department of Biology, Avila University, Kansas City, Missouri 64145, USA ([email protected]) CONSERVATION ALERT 2Chizzilala Video Productions, Saba ([email protected]) . World’s Mammals in Crisis ............................................................................................................................................................ -
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, Saba and the European Netherlands Conclusions
JOINED TOGETHER FOR FIVE YEARS BONAIRE, SINT EUSTATIUS, SABA AND THE EUROPEAN NETHERLANDS CONCLUSIONS Preface On 10 October 2010, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba each became a public entitie within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. In the run-up to this transition, it was agreed to evaluate the results of the new political structure after five years. Expectations were high at the start of the political change. Various objectives have been achieved in these past five years. The levels of health care and education have improved significantly. But there is a lot that is still disappointing. Not all expectations people had on 10 October 2010 have been met. The 'Committee for the evaluation of the constitutional structure of the Caribbean Netherlands' is aware that people have different expectations of the evaluation. There is some level of scepticism. Some people assume that the results of the evaluation will lead to yet another report, which will not have a considerable contribution to the, in their eyes, necessary change. Other people's expectations of the evaluation are high and they expect the results of the evaluation to lead to a new moment or a relaunch for further agreements that will mark the beginning of necessary changes. In any case, five years is too short a period to be able to give a final assessment of the new political structure. However, five years is an opportune period of time to be able to take stock of the situation and identify successes and elements that need improving. Add to this the fact that the results of the evaluation have been repeatedly identified as the cause for making new agreements. -
1 Assessment of the Commercial Fishery of Saba Bank Wes Toller
Assessment of the Commercial Fishery of Saba Bank Wes Toller and Shelley Lundvall Saba Conservation Foundation Saba, Netherlands Antilles February 29, 2008 Executive Summary The commercial fishery of Saba Bank, Netherlands Antilles, was assessed for six months from June 1 through November 30, 2007, by conducting port sampling interviews with Saban commercial fishermen to obtain information on fishing effort, gear usage, landings and species composition of catches. Results from our survey are compared to previous studies to provide an updated assessment of the Saba Bank commercial fishery. The fishery can be summarized as follows. A small fishing fleet of approximately ten vessels operates from Fort Bay, Saba Island, and conducts small-scale commercial fishing on Saba Bank. Saban commercial fishermen may participate in either or both of two distinct types of fisheries: a lobster trap fishery and a “redfish” trap fishery. The two trap fisheries account for almost all commercial landings while other fishing methods (e.g. hook & line) make only a minor contribution to total landings from Saba Bank. Specific patterns of effort, landings and catch composition are identified within each trap fishery. Lobster trap fishing is the more prevalent and economically significant Saba Bank fishery. Lobster catch rate is 0.84 lobster per trap-haul and 184 pounds per trip. Catch rates vary significantly with season. Projected annual lobster landings are 184,000 lbs (83.6 mt) with an ex- vessel value of US $1.3 million per year. The lobster trap fishery also harvests a diversity of “mixed fish” (shallow water reef fishes). Average catch rate of mixed fish is 0.5 pounds per trap- haul and 37.8 pounds per trip, with projected annual mixed fish landings of 37,700 pounds (17.1 mt) at an ex-vessel value of US $68,700 per year. -
Introduced Amphibians and Reptiles in the Cuban Archipelago
Herpetological Conservation and Biology 10(3):985–1012. Submitted: 3 December 2014; Accepted: 14 October 2015; Published: 16 December 2015. INTRODUCED AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES IN THE CUBAN ARCHIPELAGO 1,5 2 3 RAFAEL BORROTO-PÁEZ , ROBERTO ALONSO BOSCH , BORIS A. FABRES , AND OSMANY 4 ALVAREZ GARCÍA 1Sociedad Cubana de Zoología, Carretera de Varona km 3.5, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba 2Museo de Historia Natural ”Felipe Poey.” Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba 3Environmental Protection in the Caribbean (EPIC), Green Cove Springs, Florida, USA 4Centro de Investigaciones de Mejoramiento Animal de la Ganadería Tropical, MINAGRI, Cotorro, La Habana, Cuba 5Corresponding author, email: [email protected] Abstract.—The number of introductions and resulting established populations of amphibians and reptiles in Caribbean islands is alarming. Through an extensive review of information on Cuban herpetofauna, including protected area management plans, we present the first comprehensive inventory of introduced amphibians and reptiles in the Cuban archipelago. We classify species as Invasive, Established Non-invasive, Not Established, and Transported. We document the arrival of 26 species, five amphibians and 21 reptiles, in more than 35 different introduction events. Of the 26 species, we identify 11 species (42.3%), one amphibian and 10 reptiles, as established, with nine of them being invasive: Lithobates catesbeianus, Caiman crocodilus, Hemidactylus mabouia, H. angulatus, H. frenatus, Gonatodes albogularis, Sphaerodactylus argus, Gymnophthalmus underwoodi, and Indotyphlops braminus. We present the introduced range of each of the 26 species in the Cuban archipelago as well as the other Caribbean islands and document historical records, the population sources, dispersal pathways, introduction events, current status of distribution, and impacts. -
GAIN Report Global Agriculture Information Network
Foreign Agricultural Service GAIN Report Global Agriculture Information Network Voluntary Report - public distribution Date: 1/16/2002 GAIN Report #C11014 Caribbean Basin HRI Food Service Sector Sint Maarteen/Saint Martin 2002 Approved by: Margie Bauer Caribbean Basin ATO Prepared by: Rachel Benton Report Highlights: Sint Maarten/St. Martin’s $37 million food market for its hotel, restaurant and institution(HRI) sector is dynamic and eclectic. As a result of the islands’s duty free status and the relatively large population base, the island has developed into a distribution hub for the food service sectors on the surrounding islands of Anguilla, Saba, St. Batherlmey, St. Kitts & Nevis, and St. Eustatius. With poor soil and a limited water supply, the island must import nearly all of its food needs. Includes PSD changes: No Includes Trade Matrix: No Unscheduled Report Miami [C11], C1 GAIN Report #C11014 Page 1 of 8 SECTION I: MARKET SUMMARY Sint Maarten/Saint Martin’s hotel, restaurant and institution (HRI) or food service sector is as dynamic as its dependence on the tourism market and as eclectic as its multi-cultural population base. As a result of the island’s duty free status and the relatively large population base, the island has developed into a distribution hub for the food service sectors on the surrounding islands of Anguilla, Saba, St. Barthelmey, St. Kitts & Nevis, and St. Eustatius. St. Maarten/St. Martin wholesalers import an estimated $37 million in food service products. With poor soil and a limited water supply, the island must import nearly all of its food needs. -
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 7: ENERGY INDICATORS (2018) Renewable Energy (% of TFEC) 3.2 Access to Electricity (% of Population) N.A
ENERGY PROFILE Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 7: ENERGY INDICATORS (2018) Renewable energy (% of TFEC) 3.2 Access to electricity (% of population) n.a. Energy efficiency (MJ per $1 of GDP) NaN Access to clean cooking (% of population) n.a. Public flows renewables (2018 USD M) n.a. Per capita renewable capacity (W/person) 649.189 TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES) TPES 2013 2018 Total primary energy supply in 2018 Non-renewable (TJ) 5 052 5 459 3% Oil Renewable (TJ) 152 154 Total (TJ) 5 204 5 613 Gas Renewable share (%) 3 3 Nuclear Growth in TPES 2013-18 2017-18 Non-renewable (%) +8.1 +3.5 Coal + others Renewable (%) +1.0 -8.4 97% Total (%) +7.9 +3.1 Renewables Primary energy trade 2013 2018 Renewable energy supply in 2018 Imports (TJ) 14 101 14 895 3% Exports (TJ) 0 0 Hydro/marine 21% Net trade (TJ) - 14 101 - 14 895 Wind Imports (% of supply) 271 265 Exports (% of production) 0 0 Solar Energy self-sufficiency (%) 3 3 Bioenergy Net trade (USD million) n.a. n.a. 76% Net trade (% of GDP) n.a. n.a. Geothermal RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION Consumption by source 2013 2018 Renewable energy consumption in 2018 Electricity (TJ) 110 108 4% Heat (TJ) 0 0 Electricity Bioenergy (TJ) 4 4 Solar + geothermal (TJ) 0 0 Heat Total (TJ) 114 112 Electricity share (%) 96 96 Bioenergy Consumption growth 2013-18 2017-18 96% Solar + Renewable electricity (%) -1.8 -11.0 geothermal Other renewables (%) 0.0 0.0 Total (%) -1.8 -10.6 Industry Consumption by sector 2013 2018 Industry (TJ) 64 56 Transport 47% Transport (TJ) 0 0 49% Households