Technical guidelines

Technical guidelines for construction of institutional

and public - drawings

Drawings 1 Figure 4 Geographic location and siting 2 Figure 5 Site layout 3 Figure 6 Accessible layout 4 Figure 7 ramp access 5 Figure 8 Toilet pit design 6 Figure 10 Septic tank design 7 Figure 11 Infltration feld design 8 Figure 12 Slab reinforcement, footrests and drop-holes 9 Figure 13 Slab design for simple vs offset pits 10 Figure 14 design 11 Figure 15 Superstructure design 12 Figure 16 design of handwashing stations 13 Figure 17 Menstrual hygiene management design

This document contains copies of the key drawings from the Technical Guidelines. Please use this document to print out larger scale copies of individual drawings if required. IF ANY OBSTACLE OBSTRUCTS CLEAR VIEW OF TOILET ENTRANCES, SITE TOILETS AWAY FROM CONSIDER RELOCATION NATURAL DRAINAGE AS INSECURITY MAY CHANNELS; ENSURE ANY DETER USE; CONSULT SURFACE WATER RUNOFF WITH USERS PIT, DRAINAGE IS DIRECTED AROUND BUILDING / PIT WIND FIELD, SOAKPIT ETC. TO BE DOWNHILL OF INSTITUTION SUPERSTRUCTURE WATER SOURCES SURFACES FLOOR LEVEL TO GRADED TO EXTEND AT LEAST 100mm ENSURE ABOVE GROUND LEVEL WATER DRAINS GROUND WATER AWAY FROM SOURCE TOILETS, PIT

ains darkened interio PROVIDE TACTILE AIDS FOR THE TAKE INTO ACCOUNT ALL VISION IMPAIRED TO PIT LOCAL RISKS: FOR MINIM FOLLOW THE PATH MAXIMUM 30m (IF CANNOT BE EXAMPLE, AVOID BUSHES WASHWATER AND ATTACHED TO THE NEAR FOOTPATH IN SEPARATED URINE INSTITUTION SERVED); FOR AREAS WITH SNAKES SHOULD BE DIVERTED PRIMARY SCHOOLS, MAXIMUM TO PLANTER, SOAKPIT PLANTER 10m FROM SCHOOL BUILDING OR DRAINAGE TRENCH

WELL LIT, GRADED & DRAINED PATH WITHOUT OBSTACLE. MINIMUM WIDTH 1000mm. MAXIMUM GRADIENT 5% (ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM 12% IF SOAK PIT: FOR PIT SIZING, 5% NOT POSSIBLE, BUT PIT REFER TO ANNEX 4 WHEELCHAIR USERS WILL REQUIRE ASSISTANCE FOR MINIMUM 30m (VARIES BY GRADIENTS ABOVE 5%). GROUND CONDITIONS) WELL PREFERABLY PAVED, GRAVEL OR CLAY / MURRAM SURFACE 3m MINIMUM BETWEEN ANY TWO PITS OR ANY 5m MINIMUM USUALLY - BUT DEPENDS ON SOIL TYPE PIT & TRENCH GROUND WATER TABLE AMONGST OTHER FACTORS: REFER TO ANNEX 3 TO ANALYSE GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION RISK. ABSOLUTE MINIMUM 2m TO WET SEASON GROUNDWATER TABLE

LOCATION & SITING WHETHER TO USE PEDESTAL OR SQUAT TOILETS WILL BE DECIDED BY INDICATIVE: DRAIN PIPES SOLID WALLS BETWEEN WET AREAS ONLY PAPER OR FLEXIBLE HOSE PROVIDED AS USER PREFERENCE; SOME TO SEPTIC TANK / SEWER ELSEWHERE ADOPT PARTITION WALLS TERMINATING 110mm ABOVE FLOOR PER LOCAL CLEANING NORMS; NOTE THERE COMMUNITIES PREFER A / BIO-DIGESTER ETC. LEVEL TO FACILITATE CLEANING AND REDUCE CORNERS THAT CAN HARBOUR MAY BE A NEED TO INCREASE CUBICLE SIZE COMBINATION, AS SHOWN HERE PATHOGENS TO ACCOMMODATE RESERVOIRS PARTITION WALLS TO EXTEND TO 1900-2000mm (MAX) ABOVE FLOOR LEVEL TO STAINLESS STEEL MAKE IT HARD TO LOOK OVER THEM OR VITREOUS CHINA CONSIDER PROVISION AIM TO LAY CLEANER'S OF STEP, AND/OR SEAT BLACKWATER (CAN COME WITH MODESTY ADOPT OUTWARD OPENING ADJUSTER (NOT PIPES AT 1:40 LIFTABLE GRATING) DOORS WHERE SPACE IS SHOWN HERE), TO GRADIENT BOARD (OPTIONAL) 400 mm LIMITED: CUBICLES WITH ALLOW SMALL OUTWARD OPENING DOORS CHILDREN TO USE 1,000 mm 1,500 mm 1,630 mm CAN HAVE REDUCED ADULT SIZED TOILETS LENGTH INTERNALLY BUT (IN SCHOOLS, OR 1,000 mm 600 mm 1,000 mm 1,000 mm INCREASE THE RISK OF WHERE MANAGEMENT COLLISION BETWEEN CAN ENSURE AGAINST PATRONS AND DOORS! THEFT)

URINE DOES NOT POSE A HEALTH RISK AND 900 mm SHOWER ACESSIBLE TOILET: CONTAINS NUTRIENTS; 1,000 mm SHOWER 700 mm DOOR HANDLE FOR DETAILS REFER 700 1,200 mm THEREFORE URINAL HEIGHT 900-1100mm TO FIGURE 6 1,500 mm CLEAR DRAINAGE (& URINE FROM ABOVE FLOOR; MHM: SEPARATING TOILETS) CONSIDER LOWER FOR DETAILS REFER SHELVES CAN BE DIRECTED TO HANDLES WHERE CHANGING TO FIGURE 14 REQUIRED) (AS CLEANER'S SOAKPIT, INFILTRATION BREAST-FEEDING

CHANGING AREA AREA HIGH NUMBERS OF TROLLEY TRENCH OR PLANTERS SMALL CHILDREN (AS (OPTIONAL) WILL USE THE 700 mm STATION 1525 CLEAR REQUIRED) &/OR FACILITIES WITHIN PLANTER OR TRENCH INSTALL

INWARD OPENING 1,200 mm PERFORATED PIPE DOORS REDUCE LOCKABLE EXTENSION WITH MINIMAL RISK OF IMPACT CLEANER'S GRADIENT, WITH GRAVEL 1,200 mm BUT REQUIRE 500 mm CUPBOARD 1,200 mm SURROUND, TO LARGER CUBICLE 800 mm DISTRIBUTE WATER SIZE THROUGHOUT PLANTER / INFILTRATION TRENCH DOORS TO

EXTEND FULL 600 mm HEIGHT OF SIZE OF CLEANER'S ROOM WILL DIRECT HAND-WASH PARTITION WALLS DEPEND ON CASE SPECIFIC HAND-WASH AREAS IN WATER TO SOAKPIT, WITH MATCHING REQUIREMENTS: WHETHER VISIBLE PUBLIC PLACES INFILTRATION TRENCH GAP AT BASE JUST STORAGE FOR TOOLS AND ENCOURAGES USE. ENSURE OR PLANTERS SOAP & DRYING FACILITY PRODUCTS, OR TO INCLUDE ALL USERS PASS HAND WASH MAZE-TYPE ENTRANCES TO BE PROVIDED AT EACH SITTING STATION, OR EVEN AREAS BEFORE LEAVING PROVIDE PRIVACY WITHOUT TAP OR BETWEEN EACH SLEEPING FACILITIES

THE NEED FOR A DOOR; TWO TAPS AS FAR AS 1,200 mm DOOR HANDLES INTRODUCE POSSIBLE ONE MORE DISEASE CONSIDER PROVIDING TRANSMISSION ROUTE 1,200 mm ONE OR MORE SEPARATE FACILITIES FOR HANDWASH FACILITY MALE AND FEMALE, PLUS AT LOWER HEIGHT ADDITIONAL ACCESSIBLE, FOR USE BY GENDER-NEUTRAL FACILITY CHILDREN PROVISION OF MIRRORS AT GENERAL RULE OF THUMB FOR (IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS ACCESS PATH TO BE WELL LIT, FREE HAND-WASH AREAS HAS WASTEWATER (GREY WATER) PIPES: LARGE, PEDAL-OPERATED WASTE BIN ALL FACILITIES TO BE OF OBSTACLES, SMOOTH AND BEEN FOUND TO ENCOURAGE PIPE GRADIENT = PIPE DIAMETER. SO TO BE PROVIDED IN HAND-WASH AREAS CHILD-HEIGHT) GENTLY GRADED FOR DRAINAGE HAND WASHING 100mm PIPE TO BE LAID AT 1:100; 150mm PIPE TO BE LAID AT 1:150, ETC.

LEGEND NOTES SOLID WALL (CAN BE STRUCTURAL) SHOWER CURTAIN (OR DOOR, CONSULT ON USER PREFERENCE) 1. THIS LAYOUT IS ONE OF A LARGE NUMBER OF POSSIBILITIES, PROVIDED TO HIGHLIGHT KEY GUIDELINES PARTITION WALL (NOT STRUCTURAL) TAP & BUCKET PROVIDED AS APPROPRIATE 2. ALL DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES; DIMENSIONS SHOWN HERE ARE RECOMMENDED MINIMUMS - INCREASE AS SPACE ALLOWS 3. NOTE THERE ARE 2:1 FEMALE TO MALE CUBICLES, AS IN ANNEX 1 GREY (& URINAL) WATER DRAIN PIPE WITH FLOW DIRECTION ALL SURFACE FINISHES TO FALL TOWARDS DRAIN POINTS 4. NOTE THERE IS ONE HANDWASH FACILITY FOR EVERY TOILET FACILITY, AS IN ANNEX 1 BLACK WATER DRAIN PIPE WITH FLOW DIRECTION DRAIN POINT 5. FOR SCHOOLS THERE SHOULD BE SEPARATE MALE AND FEMALE ACCESSIBLE FACILITIES 6. THE TOILET FACILITIES SHOWN HERE ARE WATER FLUSHED; IF WATER FOR WASHING OR FLUSHING IS NOT AVAILABLE, ALL TOILET FACILITIES WASTE BIN INSPECTION CHAMBER (PIT WITH SEALABLE COVER TO BE INDICATED ABOVE TO BE REPLACED WITH SIMPLE SLAB OR PEDESTALS DIRECTLY ABOVE A PIT; VIP OR UDDT FACILITIES SHOULD BE PROVIDED AT PIPE JUNCTIONS) CONSIDERED. PIPES WOULD THEN BE ONLY FOR DRAIN POINTS AND URINALS SOAP DISPENSER 7. DRAIN PIPES ARE SHOWN (INDICATIVE ONLY) HERE BUT WATER SUPPLY PIPES, POWER SUPPLY AND OTHER UTILITIES ARE NOT HAND-WASH POINT BENCH WITH WALL-MOUNTED HOOKS ABOVE (OPTIONAL) 8. STRUCTURAL WALLS EXTEND ALL THE WAY FROM FLOOR TO CEILING HAND DRYING MATERIALS STEP PROVIDED FOR USE BY SMALL CHILDREN (OPTIONAL) 9. ALL CUBICLE DOORS TO LOCK INTERNALLY. ONLY CLEANER'S ROOM DOOR AND EXTERNAL DOORS, IF ANY, TO LOCK FROM THE OUTSIDE 10. ALL ITEMS, INCLUDING BINS, SOAPS, DRYING TOWELS ETC., TO BE THEFT AND VANDAL RESISTANT AS FAR AS PRACTICAL OPTIONAL: SINGLE SHARED DISPENSER FLEXIBLE HOSE/SHOWER FOR WATER WASHING (ANAL CLEANSING) 11. IN SELECTING FACILITY MATERIALS, CONSIDER LONGEVITY - OFTEN PREFERRED MATERIALS MAY BE MORE FRAGILE 1,630 mm 1630mm MIN. 1980mm1,980 mmMIN. WASTE BIN 320-450mm FREE-STANDING OR 1200mm1,200 mmMIN. 600mm WALL-MOUNTED RAILING DEPENDING ON PROXIMITY OF TOILET TO WALL 350-500mm WHERE ONLY 900 mm 900mm MIN. SQUATTING SLABS ARE 150mm AVAILABLE, CONSIDER 1525 mm

1,630 mm CLEAR PROVIDING SIMPLE 1630mm MIN. SEAT STRUCTURE TO IF PROVIDED, 1980 mm MIN. 1,980 mm 1525mm PLACE OVER SLAB. SHOWER AREA TO CLEAR NOTE RAILS SHOULD BE BE 1200 x 900mm MIN. THE SAME FOR SLAB OR PEDESTAL.

ENSURE FACILITIES ARE ADAPTED TO THE ASSISTIVE DEVICES MOST OUTWARD OPENING COMMON TO FUTURE USERS DOOR, 900mm MIN. WALL MOUNTED WIDE, OPENING BABY CHANGING CONSIDER PROVIDING STEPS, INTO CLEAR SPACE STATION (SHOWN SEAT ADAPTERS, VARYING RAIL CLEAR PATH: NO NOT SHARED WITH HERE IN OPEN AND HANDLE HEIGHTS, ETC., IF STEPS OR OBSTACLES; OTHER USES POSITION, STOWS USE BY CHILDREN IS ANTICIPATED MIN 1000 WIDE VERTICALLY)

ACCESSIBLE TOILET: MINIMUM DIMENSIONS

WELL LIT INTERIOR; DO NOT USE FLUORESCENT LIGHTS. PAINTS IN LIGHT COLOURS; NOT REFLECTIVE OR SHINY. USE STRONG COLOUR CONTRAST FOR HANDLES, SWITCHES ETC. CONSIDER BRAILLE SIGNS ON FITTINGS AS APPROPRIATE. EASY FLUSH (IF FLUSHABLE TOILET) AND EASILY ACCESSIBLE WAS WALL MOUNTED WALL MOUNTED OR OR WIPE MATERIALS BABY CHANGING HANDHELD SHOWER STATION AND EASY TO PROVISION FOR USE TAPS DRYING HANDS MIRROR EASILY ACCESSIBLE

ALL RAILS 250mm 32-35mm TUBULAR, 600mm FIRMLY FIXED TO WALL, FLOOR OR ENSURE AT LEAST 1525mm CLEAR

DOOR 800mm 800mm 800mm TURNING CIRCLE 400mm TAP AND SOAP DISPENSER 450 - 480mm 450 - SIMPLE TO USE (ONE PUSH OR SIMILAR) RAIL 700mm HIGH RAIL 1200mm

800 - 840mm 800 - FIXED OR PROVIDE GRAB FOLDABLE BAR ON INSIDE OF SEAT, 500 X DOOR 400mm MIN. IN PLAN,

900 - 1200mm 900 - 450mm HIGH EASY TO USE NON-SLIP (EVEN WHEN WET), OUTWARD (LEVER TYPE BIN WITH LID, LARGE EASY-TO-CLEAN FLOOR FINISHES OPENING DOOR HANDLE) LOCKABLE ENOUGH FOR GENTLY GRADED (1:200) TOWARDS 900mm WIDE MIN. FROM THE INSIDE INCONTINENCE PADS FLOOR DRAIN

LOOKING INTO ACCESSIBLE TOILET WITH SHOWER/MHM FACILITIES

NOTE: ROOM AND LAYOUT DIMENSIONS SHOWN HERE ARE ABSOLUTE MINIMUMS RECOMMENDED. WHERE POSSIBLE PROVIDE MORE SPACE 5% WHERE POSSIBLE; UP TO 12% IS ACCEPTABLE BUT USERS WILL REQUIRE ASSISTANCE, MAKING THE TOILET LESS ACCESSIBLE

PROVIDE HAND RAILS WHERE POSSIBLE AS THESE HELP WITH MANOEUVRABILITY. RAILINGS ESSENTIAL ALONGSIDE DROPS OF MORE THAN HALF A METRE

LEVEL RESTING STAGES PREFERABLE FOR LONGER RAMPS 1200mm (ABSOLUTE MIN. 1000mm) MIN.

1200mm (ABSOLUTE MIN. 1000mm)

1200mm 1200mm

(ABSOLUTE (ABSOLUTE MIN. 1000mm) MIN. MIN. 1000mm)

ENSURE UNOBSTRUCTED, NAVIGABLE PATH TO RAMP; CONSIDER PAVING, CLAY, GRADED GRAVEL OR SIMILAR

SUGGESTION FOR RAMP ACCESS TO RAISED (PLAN)

Toilet

Toilet

CLEARLY INDICATE ALL RELEVANT INFORMATION ON SIGNS; CONSIDER INCLUDING BRAILLE. IF APPROPRIATE, PROVIDE RAMP ACCESS TO RAISED TACTILE SYMBOLS, (E.G. LATRINE (3D); SIGNAGE BRAILLE SIGNS) ON INTERNAL FITTINGS SUGGESTIONS DIVERTING WASHWATER AND TOP OF PIT LINING AND ANY OPENINGS INTO PIT (SUCH AS NOTE SOME LINING MATERIALS SEPARATED URINE AWAY FROM TOILET PANS OR HOLES) TO BE AT LEAST 100mm ABOVE WILL NOT BE STRONG ENOUGH TO PIT (TO PLANTERS OR GROUND LEVEL, OR ABOVE HIGHEST RECORDED FLOOD SUPPORT A STRUCTURE ABOVE SOAKPITS) PROLONGS PIT LIFE, LEVEL (WHICHEVER IS LARGER) TO PREVENT RAINWATER AND MUST BE STRENGTHENED AND ACCELERATES DRYING AND FLOODING THE PIT WITH A TOP BEAM SANITISATION PROCESSES

TOP 0.5m OF PIT WALL TO BE FULLY SEALED TO KEEP OUT SURFACE WATER AND BURROWING ANIMALS, AND FOR STRENGTH & STABILITY

TOP 1m TO BE FILLED WITH FULLY COMPACTED EARTH

SOAK PIT PIT: FOR PIT SIZING, BACKFILL, WITH GRANULAR REFER TO ANNEX 4 MATERIAL (SAND, GRAVEL), IN COMPACTED LAYERS TO AVOID SUBSIDENCE

ANGLE OF EXCAVATION FOR PIT DEPENDS ON EXCAVATION DEPTH AND SOIL TYPE; REFER TO ANNEX 7

GROUND WATER TABLE

PARTITION WALLS TO BE IMPERVIOUS. PARTITION PROVIDE FOUNDATIONS TO PIT LINING/ PITS TO BE FULLY LINED FOR WALLS CAN BE USED: WALLS TO AVOID SUBSIDENCE OR COLLAPSE STABILITY AND LONGEVITY, AND TO 1. FOR LARGE PITS, TO SUPPORT TOP SLAB & FOUNDATIONS MADE OF BLOCKS, BRICKS, ENABLE PIT EMPTYING AND REUSE. REDUCE SLAB SPAN RINGS OR BEAMS EXTERNAL WALL TO BE PERMEABLE 2. TO REDUCE CROSS-DRAFTS FOR USER BENEFIT FOUNDATION WIDTH MUST BE AT LEAST 3 EXCEPT FOR SEPTIC TANKS 3. FOR ALTERNATING PITS: REFER TO FIGURE 11 TIMES THE LINING OR WALL WIDTH

PIT DESIGN & LINING SLOTS (IF USED INSTEAD OF ADDITIONAL TEE PIPE) IN MIDWALL TO BE MID-LEVEL, ONE TO FOUR NUMBER EQUIDISTANT SLOTS OF FROM TOILETS TO SIMILAR AREA TO OUTLET PIPE. FOR EXAMPLE: SEPTIC TANK, PIPES 100mm DIAMETER OUTLET PIPE HAS AREA TO FALL @ 1:40 0.008m2 SO SLOTS COULD BE 0.1m x 0.08m W OUTLET PIPE FALLS @ 1:100 MIN. TO (MIN.600) 2W W DRAINFIELD, OR SOAKPIT OR SEWER

WALLS CAN BE REINFORCED CONCRETE, SEPTIC TANK: PLAN BRICK OR BLOCKS; ENSURE FULLY SEALED

SEAL AROUND COVERS WITH WATER REPELLING PUDDLE FLANGES RECOMMENDED TO ACCESS OPENINGS GREASE OR LEAN MORTAR TO ENSURE NO PREVENT LEAKAGE AROUND PIPES WITH SEALED COVERS RAINWATER INGRESS. SEALANT TO BE REPLACED AFTER EVERY OPENING. NOTE IF 150 TEE PIPE (OR BAFFLE PLATE IN FRONT MORTAR USED, OPENING IS DIFFICULT OF PIPE) SERVES TWO ESSENTIAL 50 300 MIN. FUNCTIONS: TEE PIPE (OR BAFFLE PLATE IN FRONT OF PIPE) 1. KEEPS FLOATING SCUM LAYER FROM SCUM AT OUTLET ENSURES WATER FLOWING OUT IS 450 450 BLOCKING THE PIPE; 450 DRAWN FROM THE CLEAR MIDSECTION BELOW 2. DIRECTS FLOW DOWNWARD WHICH THE SCUM LAYER ENSURES LONGER DETENTION TIME, D ENSURING MORE SOLIDS SETTLE TO ALLOW EFFLUENT TO PASS FROM FIRST TO MAX. 3W) MAX. OUT OF THE LIQUID (MIN.1200 SECOND COMPARTMENT, DIVIDING WALL MUST EITHER SLUDGE HAVE SLOTS IN IT, OR A TEE PIPE MUST BE INSTALLED. OPTIONAL: 1st COMPARTMENT BASE OPENING MUST BE IN THE MIDDLE, ABOVE SLUDGE TO FALL AT UP TO 1:10 TO INCREASE SETTLEMENT AND BELOW SCUM LAYER THAT FORMS SLUDGE STORAGE CAPACITY AT THE TOP

SEPTIC TANK: ELEVATION IF TANK SITS WITHIN GROUNDWATER, THICKNESS OF BASE SLAB TO BE CALCULATED AS IN ANNEX 5.1; OTHERWISE 100mm MINIMUM BASE SLAB DEPTH (REINFORCED CONCRETE) NOTES 1. ALL DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED 1. REFER TO ANNEXES 5 AND 5.1 FOR DETAILED SEPTIC TANK DESIGN VENT A RELATIVELY LARGE AREA IS REQUIRED FOR INFILTRATION: PIPE FOR FLAT AREAS, PIPES CAN BE LAID IN PARALLEL. NOTE THAT IF NO VENT PIPE IS IF INFILTRATION TRENCH TO BE INSTALLED IN THE UPSTREAM BUILT ON SLOPING GROUND, TOILET SEPTIC SYSTEM, A VENT PIPE MUST PIPES TO BE LAID IN SERIES TO BLOCK TANK BE PROVIDED TO THE TANK ALLOW LEVEL GRADIENT TO ITSELF (NOT REQUIRED HERE FOR SLOPING AREAS, PIPES PIPES IN EACH TRENCH PIPES LAID LEVEL AS THERE IS AN UPSTREAM PERPENDICULAR TO NEED TO BE LAID IN SERIES SLOPE OF THE LAND VENT PIPE) WITH PIPES LAID ALONG WHERE SEVERAL PIPE CONTOURS (SINCE ANY SEPTIC TRENCHES USED, DISTRIBUTION GRADIENT WILL RESULT IN ALL TANK SLOPING PIPE BOX (REPLACING PIPE FITTINGS EFFLUENT FLOWING DIRECTLY CONNECTOR INDICATED WITH DASHED LINES) TO THE END RENDERING MOST REDUCES CHANCES OF OF THE TRENCH LENGTH SEALED BLOCKAGE AND INCREASES LIFE POINTLESS). CONNECTING RAISE TOP OF SLOPING OF TRENCH SYSTEM PIPE CONNECTORS TO PIPES IN INFILTRATION COVERS PIPES BETWEEN TRENCHES SHOULD NOT BE POROUS. ENSURE UPPER TRENCH TRENCHES TO BE POROUS: IS UTILISED BEFORE I.E. BY DRILLING SMALL EFFLUENT RUNS TO HOLES OR SLOTS IN LOWER TRENCHES PLASTIC PIPES OR LEAVING PIPE JOINTS UNSEALED IF THERE IS LIMITED SPACE BUT SOME DEPTH AVAILABLE, A INFILTRATION FIELD SOAKPIT MAY BE USED INSTEAD OF INFILTRATION TRENCHES. ON SLOPING GROUND SEPTIC TANK WITH THE BASE OF TRENCHES OFTEN SOAKPITS ARE LESS EFFICIENT CLOG OVER TIME; THEREFORE INFILTRATION EFFLUENT DISPOSAL IS ALMOST THAN TRENCHES AND NOT ENTIRELY VIA SIDE WALLS. APPROPRIATE FOR LARGE FIELD TRENCHES THEREFORE SHOULD MIN. 2500mm INSTITUTIONS. BE AS NARROW AS IS PRACTICAL

600mm MAX. SEALED COVER TO PREVENT RAINWATER INGRESS

300mm MIN. GEOTEXTILE OR LAYERS OF BUILDERS PAPER OR STRAW MINIMUM 0.5m AT TOP TOPSOIL OF PIT TO BE SEALED (TO ALLOW AIR TO ENTER DIAMETER, D = 1 - 2.5m 50mm TRENCH & GASES TO IF PIT IS NOT LINED, IT SHOULD BE FILLED WITH LARGE ESCAPE BUT KEEPS STONES TO SUPPORT WALLS. TOPSOIL FROM MIXING INTO (NOTE HOWEVER STONE VOLUME MUST BE DEDUCTED GRAVEL FILTER BELOW) FROM PIT VOLUME WHEN CHECKING SUFFICIENCY OF PIT SIZE.) TRENCHES FILLED WITH TOP 0.5m MUST ALWAYS BE LINED AND SEALED. USABLE DEPTH (FOR INFILTRATION CLEAN GRAVEL OR 100mm DIAMETER POROUS PIPE AREA REQUIRED) IS CALCULATED SIZE OF PIT: ASSUME SEEPAGE THROUGH WALLS STONES FROM BASE TO FROM BELOW INCOMING PIPE 50mm ABOVE TOP OF PIPE (BELOW INLET PIPE) ONLY, AS BASE GETS EASILY VARIES AS: DRAINAGE AREA REQUIRED (REFER TO CLOGGED. THEREFORE WALL AREA REQUIRED = ANNEXES 5 AND 5.1), DEPTH TO GROUNDWATER, DAILY WASTE FLOW DIVIDED BY SEEPAGE 2 - 5m ETC. INFILTRATION RATE (ASSUME 10 l/m2/d AS IN USUALLY 1.5 - 2.0m; 300mm ABSOLUTE MINIMUM ANNEXES 5 AND 5.1). AS A RULE OF THUMB, PIT VOLUME MUST BE POROUS LINING (E.G. GREATER THAN SEPTIC TANK VOLUME, SO PERFORATED, OR HIGH (WET SECTION DETAIL: INCREASE DIAMETER OR DEPTH AS REQUIRED BRICKS OR BLOCKS SEASON) WITH OPEN JOINTS) MIN. 1000mm MIN. INFILTRATION IN LESS POROUS SOILS CONSIDER

WATER TABLE 1000mm NOTES SURROUNDING PIT WITH SAND ENVELOPE TRENCH 1. ALL DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED SOAKPIT 2. REFER TO ANNEXES 5 AND 5.1 FOR DETAILED INFILTRATION TRENCH DESIGN SEALED ACCESS COVER FOR PIT SLAB TO VENT PIPE (IF VIEW THROUGH PIT EMPTYING (BY SUCTION PROVIDE COMPLETE USED): ENSURE CONCRETE TO TANKER OR SIMILAR: ENSURE BARRIER TO AIR SLAB SEALS REINFORCEMENT: VEHICULAR ACCESS AND LIGHT AROUND PIPE (USE REINFORCEMENT PROVIDED); MIN. OPENING PUDDLE FLANGE TO BE CUT SHORT 600mm DIAMETER OR SIMILAR) AROUND OPENINGS (INCLUDING HOLES FOR LATRINES) INTERNAL LINE OF PIT WATER FROM HAND- WASHING SHOULD BE DIRECTED TO LIDS TO BE PLANTER, SOAKPIT PROVIDED FOR ALL OR DRAINAGE SIMPLE, DRY (NOT TRENCH AND NOT A A REINFORCEMENT POUR-FLUSH) PITS TO THE LATRINE PIT STOPS 30-50mm EXCEPT VIP. LID TO FROM END OF SLAB BE TIGHT-FITTING, AND EASILY AND CONSIDER SMALLER REINFORCEMENT LIP OF PIT LINING TO HYGIENICALLY HOLES WHERE REMOVED AND IN LOWER HALF EXTEND AT LEAST INTENDED FOR USE BY OF SLAB; REFER 100mm ABOVE GROUND REPLACED - REFER SMALL CHILDREN, AND TO ANNEX 6 TO TABLE 5 LEVEL (OR ABOVE ENSURE FOOTRESTS HIGHEST FLOOD LEVEL, ARE SUITABLY SIZED WHICHEVER IS LARGER) PLAN ON SIMPLE PIT SLAB AND SPACED (SEE ANNEX 6)

AT LEAST 12mm DROP HOLES TO FOOTRESTS MUST BE BUILT INTO BELOW SLAB TO EXTEND AT HAVE SMOOTH SLAB BY DROP HOLES; THESE REINFORCEMENT LEAST 100mm TAPERED SIDES; MUST BE APPROPRIATELY SIZED TO SLAB BASE BEYOND PIT EDGE REFER TO ANNEX 6 AND SPACED - REFER TO ANNEX 6 DETAIL: REINFORCEMENT, SLAB LIP

POUR FLUSH PEDESTAL OVER SIMPLE SIMPLE DROP HOLE (OR OVER DROP HOLE PAN TO U-BEND SECTION A-A OR GOOSE NECK POUR FLUSH PAN)

BEAM BETWEEN SIMPLE PITS CURRENTLY IN USE; PIT DIVIDING PIT SLAB (AS DETAIL WHEN CONTENTS REACH WALLS (FULLY ABOVE) AND REMOVABLE 0.5m BELOW SLAB, SEALED) SLABS, FOR SUPPORT SWITCH TO OTHER PITS REMOVABLE SECTION B-B (TO BE DESIGNED BY SLABS FOR CIVIL ENGINEER FOR MANUAL SPECIFIC CONDITIONS) EMPTYING PIT 1 PIT 2 PIT 3 PIT 4 40 40 B B 50 EDGE DETAIL: CRITICAL, TO ENSURE SLAB AS FOR 100 THERE ARE NO GAPS FOR FLIES OR SIMPLE PIT SECOND OPENING ODOURS TO ESCAPE; PUT WEAK SEALED UNTIL FIRST MORTAR BETWEEN SLABS FOR PIT IS ALMOST FULL TEMPORARY SEAL

DESIGN PITS TO LAST 2 YEARS (MINIMUM): THE MAIN REASON TO ADOPT THIS SOLUTION WOULD BE LACK 1. INITIALLY USE ONLY PITS 1 & 3 OF SPACE COMBINED WITH LACK OF EMPTYING SERVICE: 2. ONCE PITS 1 & 3 ARE FULL (CONTENTS ARE WITHIN 500mm OF TOP OF PIT), CHANGE TO USING PITS 2 & 4 THEREFORE MANUAL EMPTYING IS REQUIRED AND MUST BE 3. BY THE TIME PITS 2 & 4 ARE FULL, PITS 1 & 3 SHOULD BE SANITISED AND SAFE TO EMPTY MANUALLY DONE SAFELY. MANUAL EMPTYING WILL ALSO IMPACT SLAB 4. EMPTY PITS 1 & 3 AND CHANGE BACK TO USING THESE PITS DESIGN AND PIT ACCESS: AS PEOPLE MUST ENTER THE PIT TO THIS CYCLE CAN BE REPEATED INDEFINITELY DIG IT OUT, SEVERAL REMOVABLE AND LIFTABLE SLABS WILL BE NOTE CONTENTS MUST BE SAFELY DISPOSED OF OR RE-USED UNDER STRICTLY MANAGED USED INSTEAD OF LARGER SLABS WITH SINGLE OPENINGS. CIRCUMSTANCES (BEYOND THE SCOPE OF THIS DOCUMENT) NOTE THAT IF THE COVER SLAB CONSISTS OF MORE THAN ONE SLAB, ADJACENT SLABS MUST OVERLAP TO PREVENT LIGHT, WATER, INSECT INGRESS AND EGRESS. ALTERNATIVE SIMPLE PIT ARRANGEMENT: ALTERNATING PITS THIS CAN CAN BE ADOPTED FOR SIMPLE OR OFFSET PITS OR VIP TYPE LATRINES IF REQUIRED FOR SNOW OR THE SLAB OF AN OFFSET PIT FOLLOWS THE WIND DIRECTION RAIN, A CAP CAN BE PLACED ON SAME CONCEPT AS THAT FOR A SIMPLE PIT, BUT VENT PIPE BUT IT MUST BE THE ONLY OPENING WILL BE THAT FOR ACCESS MINIMUM 150mm ABOVE TOP OF FOR EMPTYING (AND VENT PIPE IF PROVIDED) PIPE TO ENSURE SUNLIGHT CAN STILL REACH PIPE

VENT PIPE (ONLY ESSENTIAL FOR VIP LATRINES) TO RISE AT LEAST 500mm ABOVE ROOF

VENTILATION HOLE (OPTIONAL IF NOT VIP TYPE LATRINE) CAN BE FITTED WITH FLY SCREEN / MESH

INTERNAL POUR FLUSH PAN WITH U-BEND TO LINE OF PIT PIPE FOR OFFSET PITS OR CONNECTIONS TO SEWERS OR SEPTIC TANKS

POUR FLUSH PANS TO PIPE TO TANK, SEWER ETC TO HAVE MINIMUM 25-30O HAVE MINIMUM GRADIENT 1:40 SLOPE FOR REDUCED SIMPLE WATER USE OFFSET PIT LATRINE MODESTY BOARDS ARE OPTIONAL; DIMENSIONS AND APPEARANCE OF AS COMMUNITY PREFERENCE URINALS VARY WIDELY BUT AVOID COPPER FOLLOWING CONSULTATION GENERALLY FALL WITHIN THIS RANGE PIPES AS URINE 340 - 700 mm CAN CORRODE 363475mm mm URINE DOES NOT POSE A THESE HEALTH THREAT AND CONTAINS NUTRIENTS; DIVERT 400mm 306 mm 314 mm 400mm

MAX. WASTE FROM URINALS (VIA

DIMENSIONS AND 320 - APPEARANCE OF 320 - PIPE @ 1:40 MIN.) TO MODESTY BOARDS PLANTERS, INFILTRATION VARY WIDELY; TRENCH OR SOAKPIT; URINE GENERALLY SHOULD CAN BE COLLECTED FOR 700 mm PROJECT NO REUSE AS FERTILISER UNDER FURTHER FROM THE 400 mm PROPER MANAGEMENT WALL MOUNTED WALL THAN THE PREFABRICATED URINAL ITSELF DIMENSIONS OF MODESTY BOARDS VARY TRENCH URINAL PLAN ON WALL WIDELY BUT SHOULD START NO HIGHER THAN WALL MOUNTED THE BASE OF THE LOWEST ADJACENT URINAL MOUNTED URINALS URINALS TO BE OF (CAN EXTEND LOWER) AND AT A MINIMUM SUITABLE SMOOTH, SHOULD RISE TO THE TOP OF HIGHEST IMPERVIOUS, FEMALE WALL ADJACENT URINAL (CAN EXTEND HIGHER) WASHABLE MATERIAL MOUNTED (VITREOUS CHINA, URINALS CAN BE STAINLESS STEEL, USED WHERE SMOOTH-RENDERED APPROPRIATE UNISEX URINAL WHICH IS CONCRETE) A BLEND OF MALE AND FEMALE URINALS: ONLY

WHERE COMMUNITY 432 mm 380 mm CONSULTATION SUGGESTS 330 mm DEMAND

400 mm

VIEWS ON WALL MAXIMUM URINAL HEIGHTS (AS RECOMMENDED BY THE AMERICANS WITH MOUNTED URINALS DISABILITIES ACT): - FOR ADULTS AND CHILDREN OVER 12: 432mm - FOR CHILDREN AGED 5 - 12: 380mm - FOR CHILDREN UNDER 5 (KINDERGARTENS): 330mm ENSURE SCHOOLS ARE EQUIPPED WITH APPROPRIATELY MOUNTED URINALS FEMALE & UNISEX CONSIDER PROVIDING A RANGE FOR PUBLIC AND HEALTH CENTRE TOILETS URINALS WALL MOUNTED URINALS

TRENCH URINALS CAN BE PROVIDED (WHETHER PRE- IF USED, GAPS REMAIN FABRICATED OR FORMED IN FLOOR FINISHES), WITH OR BELOW PARTITIONS 150 mm WITHOUT PARTITIONS AS PER USER PREFERENCE; IN WHERE THEY CROSS 40mm MIN. DEPTH SCHOOLS, CONSIDER PARTITIONS FOR OLDER OVER THE TRENCH 300 mm CHILDREN WITH NONE FOR PRIMARY CHILDREN AT MOST UPSTREAM POINT

FOR TRENCH EXAMPLES OF 1:100 MIN. URINALS IN FLOOR, TRENCH URINAL

300 mm FLOOR MUST FALL DESIGNS 100 mm

50 mm 650 mm TOWARDS THE

1:10 SQUAT PANS WITH SINGLE TRENCH; FIRST SMALL OUTLET, AND CLEARLY 300mm OF FLOOR PIPE CUT IN HALF TO INDICATED AS FOR USE FOR ADJACENT TO ONLY, CAN ALSO TRENCH FALL AT FORM CHANNEL (AND FOR TRENCH LAID TO 1:100 FALL) BE USED AS URINALS 600 mm 1:10 TOWARDS

URINALS FORMED IN 750 mm (PARTICULARLY FEMALE TRENCH FLOOR, FLOOR & SECTIONS: TRENCH URINALS)

TRENCH TO BE 1:200 FLOOR FINISHES WASHED DOWN WITH TO BE SMOOTH, URINALS IN FLOOR WATER AT REGULAR IMPERVIOUS, AND FLOOR GRADED AT GRADED FLOOR INTERVALS (AT LEAST 1:1 0 EASILY CLEANED GIVE DUE CONSIDERATION TO STAINING AND ONCE DAILY) TO POTENTIAL ODOURS WHEN SELECTING TROUGH DESIGN REDUCE SMELLS MATERIALS AND FINISHES FOR TRENCH URINALS VARIES; REFER TO (INCLUDING ADJACENT FLOOR AND WALLS) SECTIONS FOR RECESSED 1:10 SUGGESTED SECTION 1:100 MIN. DESIGNS FALLING TO TRENCH BASE

PLAN ON TRENCH URINALS IN FLOOR 250 mm 60mm MIN. DEPTH AT MOST UPSTREAM POINT 300 mm WHETHER URINALS ARE FLUSHABLE, WITH 300 mm CISTERNS, OR WATERLESS WILL DEPEND FEMALE, BACK TO WALL FEMALE, FACING WALL ON LOCAL CIRCUMSTANCES, WATER AVAILABILITY, AND PREFERENCES FEMALE URINALS IF ADOPTING THIS DRAWINGS ADAPTED FROM MULTIPLE OPTION, CONSIDER PROVIDING FOOTRESTS IMAGES OF URINALS CONSTRUCTED IN WHERE PROVIDED FOR FEMALES, CONSULT WITH USERS ON TO HELP USERS ALIGN VARIOUS COUNTRIES; LOCAL EXPERIENCE PREFERENCES: IN MANY COMMUNITIES WOMEN & GIRLS WITH THE TROUGHS AND PREFERENCE, SUPPLY / AVAILABILITY PREFER TO SQUAT WITH THEIR BACKS TO THE WALL, IN WHICH WILL IMPACT DESIGN CASE TRENCH URINALS SHOULD BE WIDER THAN FOR BOYS: SEE SOME SUGGESTED PROFILES ABOVE OTHER URINALS IN SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES ADDITIONAL DESIGN WHERE PRACTICAL, TOP UP SCREENED VENT PIPE, IF ANY, CONSIDERATIONS MUST BE ACCOMMODATED: FLUSHING OR WASHING WATER LOCATED DOWNSTREAM OF SNOW LOAD TO ROOF IN SNOWY REGIONS; ROOF WITH COLLECTED RAINWATER. PREVAILING WIND DIRECTION ANCHORAGE IN WINDY REGIONS; ANIMAL DAMAGE WHERE PROVIDED, GUTTERS TO AND AWAY FROM TREES OR IN AREAS WHERE WILD ANIMALS ARE PREVALENT, BE REGULARLY CLEARED TO ANYTHING BLOCKING AIRFLOW ETC. REFER TO ANNEX 9 FOR GUIDANCE FOR PREVENT BLOCKAGE, MOSQUITO DIFFICULT CONDITIONS. BREEDING, OVERFLOW ETC.

IF ANY OBSTACLE CONSIDER SKYLIGHTS OR WIND CONSIDER FLY OBSTRUCTS CLEAR VIEW SIMILAR TO MAXIMISE REPELLING PLANTS OF TOILET ENTRANCES, HARNESSING NATURAL LIGHT SUCH AS LAVENDER, CONSIDER RELOCATION (NOT FOR VIP LATRINES) BASIL, BAY LEAVES AS INSECURITY MAY DETER USE; CONSULT WITH USERS

SURFACES TAKE INTO ACCOUNT ALL GRADED TO LOCAL RISKS: FOR ENSURE EXAMPLE, AVOID BUSHES EFFECTIVE NEAR FOOTPATH IN ains darkened interio DRAINAGE AND AREAS WITH SNAKES NO PONDING

PIT SUPERSTRUCTURE MINIM FLOOR LEVEL TO EXTEND AT LEAST 100mm ABOVE GROUND LEVEL OR HIGHEST FLOOD LEVEL IN AREAS PRONE TO FLOODING

CONSULT WITH COMMUNITY SEPARATE MALE & FEMALE ENTRANCES - DOOR OPTIONAL; IF ENSURE PROPERLY DESIGNED AND ON BEST APPROACH FOR CANNOT SEE IN & DO NOT REQUIRE OVERNIGHT LOCKING, CONSTRUCTED FOUNDATIONS TO TRANS-GENDER OR CONSIDER HAVING NO DOOR (WITH MAZE-TYPE OR SIMILAR STRUCTURE; IF PIT IS OFFSET, THIRD-GENDER PROVISION ENTRANCE) AS DOOR HANDLES CAN BE A PATH FOR DISEASE SUPERSTRUCTURE WILL REQUIRE TRANSMISSION. ITS OWN FOUNDATIONS (IF VIP LATRINE, ENSURE SELECTED OPTION MAINTAINS DARKENED INTERIOR) SUPERSTRUCTURE: EXTERIOR

WELL VENTILATED INTERIOR; IF TOILETS ARE TO BE USED AFTER HARNESS NATURAL WELL LIT INTERIOR (EXCEPT DARK, ENSURE CONNECTION TO VENTILATION AS FAR AS FOR VIP LATRINES): HARNESS POWER FOR LIGHTING; CONSIDER POSSIBLE NATURAL LIGHTING AS FAR AS SOLAR OR OTHER ENERGY SOURCES POSSIBLE IF NO MAINS POWER IN THE AREA. DO NOT USE FLUORESCENT LIGHTS

CONSIDER DURABILITY AND SECURITY OF ALL HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE; USE DURABLE MATERIALS AND ANTI-VANDAL, THEFT-PROOF FITTINGS AS FAR AS POSSIBLE SHELVES, HOOKS, ETC. TO BE PROVIDED AS APPROPRIATE / ALL FACILITIES INCLUDING WALLS AND AGREED WITH STAKEHOLDER TOILET SEATS, DOOR HANDLES ACCESSORIES CONSULTATION AND LOCKS, HAND-WASH TO BE PAINTED FACILITIES, SOAP DISPENSERS, IN LIGHT, ETC. TO BE SET AT NON-REFLECTIVE APPROPRIATE HEIGHT AND / OR COLOURS WITH DEPTH FOR ANTICIPATED USERS STRONG CONTRAST FOR HANDLES, SWITCHES, ETC. IF CHILDREN WILL BE USING ADULT-SIZED FACILITIES, CONSIDER PROVIDING STEPS AND OTHER ADAPTERS FOR THEIR USE

BREASTFEEDING FACILITIES CAN BE PROVIDED AS COMMUNITY PREFERENCE HAND-WASH FACILITIES TO FOLLOWING CONSULTATION BE HIGHLY VISIBLE, WITHIN 5m OF TOILETS, AND MUST BE PASSED BY ALL USERS

WHETHER DOORS ARE INWARD OR ALL DOORS TO BE WHERE DOORS TO BE SURFACES TO BE GENTLY GRADED LARGE FLAP OR OUTWARD OPENING TO BE INTERNALLY LOCKABLE, BUT PREDOMINANTLY USED TOWARDS DRAIN POINTS AND / OR PEDAL-OPERATED BINS DETERMINED BASED ON LOCAL WITH FACILITY TO OPEN BY CHILDREN, MAKE AWAY FROM TOILETS AND USER TO BE PROVIDED NEAR REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS; FROM OUTSIDE IN EVENT OF SURE THEY ARE INTERFACE; NO PONDING SHOULD HAND-WASHING AREA. INWARD OPENING DOORS PATRONS (PARTICULARLY LIGHTWEIGHT WITH BE ALLOWED EACH CUBICLE SHOULD REQUIRE LARGER CUBICLES BUT CHILDREN) GETTING STUCK EASY TO USE HANDLES ALSO HAVE A BIN IMPROVE CIRCULATION OF USERS INSIDE AND LOCKS IN OUTSIDE SHARED SPACE SUPERSTRUCTURE: INTERIOR IF ACCESSIBLE TOILET DOES NOT HAVE DEDICATED HAND-WASH FACILITIES, PROVIDE ENSURE NO STEPS PICTORIAL GUIDES BETWEEN ACCESSIBLE ON HAND-WASHING TOILET AND (IMPORTANCE AND HAND-WASH AREA TECHNIQUE)

HAND-DRYING MATERIALS TO BE PROVIDED; PAPER TOWELS REQUIRE BINS HAND-WASH FACILITIES SHOULD (PREFERABLY PEDAL NOT BE FITTED WITH PLUGS; IT OPERATED) NEARBY IS ESSENTIAL THEY ARE WHICH MUST BE PROPERLY DRAINED - REGULARLY EMPTIED; DISCHARGE TO PLANTER, NON-DISPOSABLE TOWELS SOAKPIT, OR DRAINAGE TRENCH HARBOUR PATHOGENS AND SHOULD NOT BE USED DRAINAGE TRENCH MIRRORS ENCOURAGE USE SOAP TO BE PROVIDED AT ALL HAND-WASH OF HAND-WASH FACILITIES AREAS; MAKE AS VANDAL AND THEFT-PROOF AS FEASIBLE. TAPS TO BE EASY TO OPERATE, HAND-RUB ALCOHOL TO BE AVAILABLE TO ALL PARTICULARLY FOR CHILDREN IN HEALTHCARE FACILITIES, WITH CUES AND PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS EXAMPLE LAYOUT: EXAMPLE LAYOUT: HAND-WASH AREAS WITHIN SEPARATE HAND-WASH AREAS IN PUBLIC GENDER AREAS SPACE OUTSIDE GENDER AREAS NOTES: NOTES CONTINUED: 1. HAND-WASH STATION LOCATION IS FLEXIBLE, BUT STATIONS MUST BE LOCATED: 3. ALL FITTINGS AND FACILITIES TO BE AT A HEIGHT APPROPRIATE TO THE EXPECTED - WITHIN 5m OF THE TOILET(S) USERS: CONSIDER INSTALLING TOILETS, BASINS ETC. AT DIFFERING HEIGHTS AS - IN HIGH TRAFFICKED, VISIBLE AREAS APPROPRIATE - SUCH THAT EVERYONE USING TOILETS WILL PASS A HAND-WASH AREA WHEN LEAVING 4. WHEN SELECTING MATERIALS CONSIDER THE NEED FOR ROBUSTNESS (E.G. 2. IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS, SELECT A LOCATION THAT ENSURES SUPERVISION IS POSSIBLE IS NOT AS ROBUST AS STEEL), PERHAPS FAVOURING PRACTICALITY OVER AESTHETICS

SOAP DISPENSER PROVIDE PICTORIAL GUIDES REMINDING OF THE IMPORTANCE AND ENCOURAGING CORRECT HAND-WASHING

IF THERE IS NO ains darkened interio PIPED WATER, CONSIDER HIGHER STORAGE OPTIONS PIT MINIM THAT ARE DURABLE AND EASY TO MAINTAIN, REFILL, KEEP CLEAN WHERE SPACE IS LIMITED, CONSIDER CIRCULAR TROUGHS TAPS MUST BE EASY TO USE AND TO CLOSE; ENSURE THEY CONSIDER USE OF "NUDGES" ARE SET AT THE RIGHT HEIGHT SUCH AS BRIGHTLY PAINTED FOR THE ANTICIPATED USERS GUIDANCE TOWARDS HAND-WASH AREAS, PARTICULARLY FOR CHILDREN

NUDGES, PROMPTS AND MORE

DRAINAGE TRENCH AROUND BASE OF HAND-WASH FACILITY SOAP TO BE PROVIDED AT EVERY HAND-WASH FACILITY

TROUGHS ARE CONSIDER PROVIDING A RANGE OF WASH-BASINS AT CHEAPER PER VARYING HEIGHTS IN AREAS WHERE THE USERS ARE USER LIKELY TO COVER A WIDE RANGE OF AGES. NOTE IT IS POSSIBLE TO CONSTRUCT WASH-BASINS 650 - 800 WITH ADJUSTABLE HEIGHT, WHICH CAN ALSO BE FOR 12 CONSIDERED. YEARS & 485 - 635 ABOVE ALTERNATIVE FOR 5 TO 11 ARRANGEMENTS YEAR OLD CHILDREN HAND-WASHING A CHUTE, IF CONNECTED, MUST BE LARGE, IF POSSIBLE, PROVIDE DIRECT INTERNALLY SMOOTH AND WITH STEEP CONNECTION TO AN INCINERATOR INCLINATION TO AVOID CHOKAGE. INCINERATION/ WASTE CONTAINER EMPTYING IF NO DIRECT CONNECTION TO INCINERATOR, PROVIDE AN MUST BE CONDUCTED WITH SUFFICIENT ENCLOSED CONTAINER WHICH WILL BE PERIODICALLY FREQUENCY TO AVOID BACKUP OR OVERFLOW EMPTIED FOR INCINERATION OR FORMAL DISPOSAL) FOR SANITARY PAD DISPOSAL IF LARGE COLLECTION CONTAINER PROVIDED, SANITARY PAD DISPOSAL CHUTES COULD BE PROVIDED IN ALL AREA FOR WASHING MENSTRUAL CLOTHS. FEMALE CUBICLES (NOT JUST THE SMOOTH, EASILY CLEANED SURFACE SLOPED MHM CUBICLE) TOWARDS A DRAIN POINT

PROVISION OF CONSULT WITH COMMUNITY ON PREFERENCES: PAPER BAGS FOR CONSIDER PROVISON OF SHELVES (FOR CLEAN WRAPPING CLOTHING), AND HOOKS OR RACKS FOR DRYING, EITHER INSIDE MHM TOILET OR ELSEWHERE DISPOSAL ITEMS mm 900 CAN IMPROVE (CAN COMBINE WITH GENERAL LAUNDRY AREA) CLEANLINESS 1,500 mm 1,500 LARGE BIN WITH LID TO BE PROVIDED. IF 600 mm CONSIDER SUPPLYING THIS IS THE MAIN RECEPTACLE FOR RESERVOIR BY CONNECTION SANITARY NAPKINS, ENSURE BIN IS EASILY 1,500 mm TO RAINWATER COLLECTION WASHABLE AND PORTABLE (FOR CARRYING SYSTEM TO INCINERATOR / FORMAL DISPOSAL) 700 mm LOCATION FOR RESERVOIR IF TOILETS ARE NOT SOAP TO BE PROVIDED A CONNECTED TO PIPED WATER; DEPENDING ON (CONSIDER VANDAL / STORAGE REQUIREMENTS THE ROOM MAY THEFT-PROOF DISPENSERS) NEED TO BE ENLARGED TO ACCOMMODATE AN APPROPRIATELY SIZED RESERVOIR

NOTES: 1. CONSIDER PROVIDING DISPENSERS OF SANITARY PADS (WHETHER FREE OR FOR PURCHASE) 2. IN FACILITIES WHERE SHOWERS ARE NOT PROVIDED, CONSIDER INCREASING THE SIZE OF WASHING AREA PROVIDED 3. INCLUDE FLEXIBLE HAND-HELD SHOWER HEAD WHERE PRACTICAL 4. ALTERNATIVELY, CONVENTIONAL CUBICLES WITH INDIVIDUAL WASH BASINS (AND HOOKS, SHELVES ETC. AS USER PREFERENCE FOLLOWING COMMUNITY CONSULTATION) CAN ALSO BE USED FOR MHM

PLAN ON TOILET WITH MENSTRUAL HYGIENE MANAGEMENT (MHM) PROVISION NECESSARY IN ALL INSTITUTIONAL TOILETS AND SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN PUBLIC TOILETS WHEREVER POSSIBLE NOTE THAT LACK OF MHM FACILITIES IN SCHOOLS CAN RESULT IN GIRLS DROPPING OUT

DISPOSE OF SANITARY & PAPER WASTE IN OPENING IN WALL OR WASTE BIN PROVIDED

INCINERATOR OPTIONAL: OPENING CHIMNEY TO IN WALL CONNECTS EXTEND AT LEAST DIRECTLY TO 500mm ABOVE EXTERNAL WASTE ROOF HEIGHT COLLECTION CONTAINER OR TO INCINERATOR RAINWATER SIGNAGE WITH CLEAR DIRECTION ON DOWNPIPE WHERE TO DISPOSE OF SANITARY (OPTIONAL) WASTE (EITHER TO BIN PROVIDED OR OPENING IN WALL). IF OPENING IN WALL IS PROVIDED SIGN SHOULD BE PLACED DIRECTLY ABOVE IT; HOWEVER, ALSO CONSIDER WHETHER FOR ADVICE ON INCINERATOR A SECOND SIGN NEEDS TO BE PLACED DESIGN, REFER TO: Noortgate, J. OPPOSITE THE TOILET TO ENSURE IT Van Den, and Maes, P. (Eds.) (2010). IS NOTICED. Public Health Engineering in Precarious Situations. Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France

SECTION A-A