Technical Guidelines for Construction of Institutional and Public Toilets
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Technical guidelines Technical guidelines for construction of institutional and public toilets - drawings Drawings 1 Figure 4 Geographic location and siting 2 Figure 5 Site layout 3 Figure 6 Accessible toilet layout 4 Figure 7 Accessible toilet ramp access 5 Figure 8 Toilet pit design 6 Figure 10 Septic tank design 7 Figure 11 Infltration feld design 8 Figure 12 Slab reinforcement, footrests and drop-holes 9 Figure 13 Slab design for simple vs offset pits 10 Figure 14 Urinal design 11 Figure 15 Superstructure design 12 Figure 16 design of handwashing stations 13 Figure 17 Menstrual hygiene management design This document contains copies of the key drawings from the Technical Guidelines. Please use this document to print out larger scale copies of individual drawings if required. IF ANY OBSTACLE OBSTRUCTS CLEAR VIEW OF TOILET ENTRANCES, SITE TOILETS AWAY FROM CONSIDER RELOCATION NATURAL DRAINAGE AS INSECURITY MAY CHANNELS; ENSURE ANY DETER USE; CONSULT SURFACE WATER RUNOFF WITH USERS PIT, DRAINAGE IS DIRECTED AROUND BUILDING / PIT WIND FIELD, SOAKPIT ETC. TO BE DOWNHILL OF INSTITUTION SUPERSTRUCTURE WATER SOURCES SURFACES FLOOR LEVEL TO GRADED TO EXTEND AT LEAST 100mm ENSURE ABOVE GROUND LEVEL WATER DRAINS GROUND WATER AWAY FROM SOURCE TOILETS, PIT ains darkened interio PROVIDE TACTILE AIDS FOR THE TAKE INTO ACCOUNT ALL VISION IMPAIRED TO PIT LOCAL RISKS: FOR MINIM FOLLOW THE PATH MAXIMUM 30m (IF CANNOT BE EXAMPLE, AVOID BUSHES WASHWATER AND ATTACHED TO THE NEAR FOOTPATH IN SEPARATED URINE INSTITUTION SERVED); FOR AREAS WITH SNAKES SHOULD BE DIVERTED PRIMARY SCHOOLS, MAXIMUM TO PLANTER, SOAKPIT PLANTER 10m FROM SCHOOL BUILDING OR DRAINAGE TRENCH WELL LIT, GRADED & DRAINED PATH WITHOUT OBSTACLE. MINIMUM WIDTH 1000mm. MAXIMUM GRADIENT 5% (ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM 12% IF SOAK PIT: FOR PIT SIZING, 5% NOT POSSIBLE, BUT PIT REFER TO ANNEX 4 WHEELCHAIR USERS WILL REQUIRE ASSISTANCE FOR MINIMUM 30m (VARIES BY GRADIENTS ABOVE 5%). GROUND CONDITIONS) WELL PREFERABLY PAVED, GRAVEL OR CLAY / MURRAM SURFACE 3m MINIMUM BETWEEN ANY TWO PITS OR ANY 5m MINIMUM USUALLY - BUT DEPENDS ON SOIL TYPE PIT & TRENCH GROUND WATER TABLE AMONGST OTHER FACTORS: REFER TO ANNEX 3 TO ANALYSE GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION RISK. ABSOLUTE MINIMUM 2m TO WET SEASON GROUNDWATER TABLE LOCATION & SITING WHETHER TO USE PEDESTAL OR SQUAT TOILETS WILL BE DECIDED BY INDICATIVE: DRAIN PIPES SOLID WALLS BETWEEN WET AREAS ONLY PAPER OR FLEXIBLE HOSE PROVIDED AS USER PREFERENCE; SOME TO SEPTIC TANK / SEWER ELSEWHERE ADOPT PARTITION WALLS TERMINATING 110mm ABOVE FLOOR PER LOCAL CLEANING NORMS; NOTE THERE COMMUNITIES PREFER A / BIO-DIGESTER ETC. LEVEL TO FACILITATE CLEANING AND REDUCE CORNERS THAT CAN HARBOUR MAY BE A NEED TO INCREASE CUBICLE SIZE COMBINATION, AS SHOWN HERE PATHOGENS TO ACCOMMODATE RESERVOIRS PARTITION WALLS TO EXTEND TO 1900-2000mm (MAX) ABOVE FLOOR LEVEL TO STAINLESS STEEL MAKE IT HARD TO LOOK OVER THEM OR VITREOUS CHINA CONSIDER PROVISION AIM TO LAY CLEANER'S SINK OF STEP, AND/OR SEAT BLACKWATER (CAN COME WITH MODESTY ADOPT OUTWARD OPENING ADJUSTER (NOT PIPES AT 1:40 LIFTABLE GRATING) DOORS WHERE SPACE IS SHOWN HERE), TO GRADIENT BOARD (OPTIONAL) 400 mm LIMITED: CUBICLES WITH ALLOW SMALL OUTWARD OPENING DOORS CHILDREN TO USE 1,000 mm 1,500 mm 1,630 mm CAN HAVE REDUCED ADULT SIZED TOILETS LENGTH INTERNALLY BUT (IN SCHOOLS, OR 1,000 mm 600 mm 1,000 mm 1,000 mm INCREASE THE RISK OF WHERE MANAGEMENT COLLISION BETWEEN CAN ENSURE AGAINST PATRONS AND DOORS! THEFT) URINE DOES NOT POSE A URINALS HEALTH RISK AND 900 mm SHOWER ACESSIBLE TOILET: CONTAINS NUTRIENTS; 1,000 mm SHOWER 700 mm DOOR HANDLE FOR DETAILS REFER 700 1,200 mm THEREFORE URINAL HEIGHT 900-1100mm TO FIGURE 6 1,500 mm CLEAR DRAINAGE (& URINE FROM ABOVE FLOOR; MHM: SEPARATING TOILETS) CONSIDER LOWER FOR DETAILS REFER SHELVES CAN BE DIRECTED TO HANDLES WHERE CHANGING TO FIGURE 14 REQUIRED) (AS CLEANER'S SOAKPIT, INFILTRATION BREAST-FEEDING CHANGING AREA CHANGING AREA HIGH NUMBERS OF TROLLEY TRENCH OR PLANTERS SMALL CHILDREN (AS (OPTIONAL) WILL USE THE 700 mm STATION 1525 CLEAR REQUIRED) &/OR FACILITIES WITHIN PLANTER OR TRENCH INSTALL INWARD OPENING 1,200 mm PERFORATED PIPE DOORS REDUCE LOCKABLE EXTENSION WITH MINIMAL RISK OF IMPACT CLEANER'S GRADIENT, WITH GRAVEL 1,200 mm BUT REQUIRE 500 mm CUPBOARD 1,200 mm SURROUND, TO LARGER CUBICLE 800 mm DISTRIBUTE WATER SIZE THROUGHOUT PLANTER / INFILTRATION TRENCH DOORS TO EXTEND FULL 600 mm HEIGHT OF SIZE OF CLEANER'S ROOM WILL DIRECT HAND-WASH PARTITION WALLS DEPEND ON CASE SPECIFIC HAND-WASH AREAS IN WATER TO SOAKPIT, WITH MATCHING REQUIREMENTS: WHETHER VISIBLE PUBLIC PLACES INFILTRATION TRENCH GAP AT BASE JUST STORAGE FOR TOOLS AND ENCOURAGES USE. ENSURE OR PLANTERS SOAP & DRYING FACILITY PRODUCTS, OR TO INCLUDE ALL USERS PASS HAND WASH MAZE-TYPE ENTRANCES TO BE PROVIDED AT EACH SITTING STATION, OR EVEN AREAS BEFORE LEAVING PROVIDE PRIVACY WITHOUT TAP OR BETWEEN EACH SLEEPING FACILITIES THE NEED FOR A DOOR; TWO TAPS AS FAR AS 1,200 mm DOOR HANDLES INTRODUCE POSSIBLE ONE MORE DISEASE CONSIDER PROVIDING TRANSMISSION ROUTE 1,200 mm ONE OR MORE SEPARATE FACILITIES FOR HANDWASH FACILITY MALE AND FEMALE, PLUS AT LOWER HEIGHT ADDITIONAL ACCESSIBLE, FOR USE BY GENDER-NEUTRAL FACILITY CHILDREN PROVISION OF MIRRORS AT GENERAL RULE OF THUMB FOR (IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS ACCESS PATH TO BE WELL LIT, FREE HAND-WASH AREAS HAS WASTEWATER (GREY WATER) PIPES: LARGE, PEDAL-OPERATED WASTE BIN ALL FACILITIES TO BE OF OBSTACLES, SMOOTH AND BEEN FOUND TO ENCOURAGE PIPE GRADIENT = PIPE DIAMETER. SO TO BE PROVIDED IN HAND-WASH AREAS CHILD-HEIGHT) GENTLY GRADED FOR DRAINAGE HAND WASHING 100mm PIPE TO BE LAID AT 1:100; 150mm PIPE TO BE LAID AT 1:150, ETC. LEGEND NOTES SOLID WALL (CAN BE STRUCTURAL) SHOWER CURTAIN (OR DOOR, CONSULT ON USER PREFERENCE) 1. THIS LAYOUT IS ONE OF A LARGE NUMBER OF POSSIBILITIES, PROVIDED TO HIGHLIGHT KEY GUIDELINES PARTITION WALL (NOT STRUCTURAL) TAP & BUCKET PROVIDED AS APPROPRIATE 2. ALL DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES; DIMENSIONS SHOWN HERE ARE RECOMMENDED MINIMUMS - INCREASE AS SPACE ALLOWS 3. NOTE THERE ARE 2:1 FEMALE TO MALE CUBICLES, AS IN ANNEX 1 GREY (& URINAL) WATER DRAIN PIPE WITH FLOW DIRECTION ALL SURFACE FINISHES TO FALL TOWARDS DRAIN POINTS 4. NOTE THERE IS ONE HANDWASH FACILITY FOR EVERY TOILET FACILITY, AS IN ANNEX 1 BLACK WATER DRAIN PIPE WITH FLOW DIRECTION DRAIN POINT 5. FOR SCHOOLS THERE SHOULD BE SEPARATE MALE AND FEMALE ACCESSIBLE FACILITIES 6. THE TOILET FACILITIES SHOWN HERE ARE WATER FLUSHED; IF WATER FOR WASHING OR FLUSHING IS NOT AVAILABLE, ALL TOILET FACILITIES WASTE BIN INSPECTION CHAMBER (PIT WITH SEALABLE COVER TO BE INDICATED ABOVE TO BE REPLACED WITH SIMPLE SLAB OR PEDESTALS DIRECTLY ABOVE A PIT; VIP LATRINES OR UDDT FACILITIES SHOULD BE PROVIDED AT PIPE JUNCTIONS) CONSIDERED. PIPES WOULD THEN BE ONLY FOR DRAIN POINTS AND URINALS SOAP DISPENSER 7. DRAIN PIPES ARE SHOWN (INDICATIVE ONLY) HERE BUT WATER SUPPLY PIPES, POWER SUPPLY AND OTHER UTILITIES ARE NOT HAND-WASH POINT BENCH WITH WALL-MOUNTED HOOKS ABOVE (OPTIONAL) 8. STRUCTURAL WALLS EXTEND ALL THE WAY FROM FLOOR TO CEILING HAND DRYING MATERIALS STEP PROVIDED FOR USE BY SMALL CHILDREN (OPTIONAL) 9. ALL CUBICLE DOORS TO LOCK INTERNALLY. ONLY CLEANER'S ROOM DOOR AND EXTERNAL DOORS, IF ANY, TO LOCK FROM THE OUTSIDE 10. ALL ITEMS, INCLUDING BINS, SOAPS, DRYING TOWELS ETC., TO BE THEFT AND VANDAL RESISTANT AS FAR AS PRACTICAL OPTIONAL: SINGLE SHARED TOILET PAPER DISPENSER FLEXIBLE HOSE/SHOWER FOR WATER WASHING (ANAL CLEANSING) 11. IN SELECTING FACILITY MATERIALS, CONSIDER LONGEVITY - OFTEN PREFERRED MATERIALS MAY BE MORE FRAGILE 1,630 mm 1630mm MIN. 1980mm1,980 mmMIN. WASTE BIN 320-450mm FREE-STANDING OR 1200mm1,200 mmMIN. 600mm WALL-MOUNTED RAILING DEPENDING ON PROXIMITY OF TOILET TO WALL 350-500mm WHERE ONLY 900 mm 900mm MIN. SQUATTING SLABS ARE 150mm AVAILABLE, CONSIDER 1525 mm 1,630 mm CLEAR PROVIDING SIMPLE 1630mm MIN. SEAT STRUCTURE TO IF PROVIDED, 1980 mm MIN. 1,980 mm 1525mm PLACE OVER SLAB. SHOWER AREA TO CLEAR NOTE RAILS SHOULD BE BE 1200 x 900mm MIN. THE SAME FOR SLAB OR PEDESTAL. ENSURE FACILITIES ARE ADAPTED TO THE ASSISTIVE DEVICES MOST OUTWARD OPENING COMMON TO FUTURE USERS DOOR, 900mm MIN. WALL MOUNTED WIDE, OPENING BABY CHANGING CONSIDER PROVIDING STEPS, INTO CLEAR SPACE STATION (SHOWN SEAT ADAPTERS, VARYING RAIL CLEAR PATH: NO NOT SHARED WITH HERE IN OPEN AND HANDLE HEIGHTS, ETC., IF STEPS OR OBSTACLES; OTHER USES POSITION, STOWS USE BY CHILDREN IS ANTICIPATED MIN 1000 WIDE VERTICALLY) ACCESSIBLE TOILET: MINIMUM DIMENSIONS WELL LIT INTERIOR; DO NOT USE FLUORESCENT LIGHTS. PAINTS IN LIGHT COLOURS; NOT REFLECTIVE OR SHINY. USE STRONG COLOUR CONTRAST FOR HANDLES, SWITCHES ETC. CONSIDER BRAILLE SIGNS ON FITTINGS AS APPROPRIATE. EASY FLUSH (IF FLUSHABLE TOILET) AND EASILY ACCESSIBLE WAS WALL MOUNTED WALL MOUNTED OR OR WIPE MATERIALS BABY CHANGING HANDHELD SHOWER STATION HEAD AND EASY TO PROVISION FOR USE TAPS DRYING HANDS MIRROR EASILY ACCESSIBLE ALL RAILS 250mm 32-35mm TUBULAR, 600mm FIRMLY FIXED TO WALL, FLOOR OR ENSURE AT LEAST 1525mm CLEAR DOOR 800mm 800mm 800mm TURNING CIRCLE 400mm TAP AND SOAP DISPENSER 450 - 480mm 450 - SIMPLE TO USE (ONE PUSH OR SIMILAR) RAIL 700mm HIGH RAIL 1200mm 800 - 840mm FIXED OR PROVIDE GRAB FOLDABLE BAR ON INSIDE OF SEAT, 500 X DOOR 400mm MIN. IN PLAN, 900 - 1200mm 450mm HIGH EASY TO USE NON-SLIP (EVEN WHEN WET), OUTWARD (LEVER TYPE BIN WITH LID, LARGE EASY-TO-CLEAN FLOOR FINISHES OPENING DOOR HANDLE) LOCKABLE ENOUGH FOR GENTLY GRADED (1:200) TOWARDS 900mm WIDE MIN. FROM THE INSIDE INCONTINENCE PADS FLOOR DRAIN LOOKING INTO ACCESSIBLE TOILET WITH SHOWER/MHM FACILITIES NOTE: ROOM AND LAYOUT DIMENSIONS SHOWN HERE ARE ABSOLUTE MINIMUMS RECOMMENDED. WHERE POSSIBLE PROVIDE MORE SPACE 5% WHERE POSSIBLE; UP TO 12% IS ACCEPTABLE BUT USERS WILL REQUIRE ASSISTANCE, MAKING THE TOILET LESS ACCESSIBLE PROVIDE HAND RAILS WHERE POSSIBLE AS THESE HELP WITH MANOEUVRABILITY.