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Glinton Conservation Area Appraisal Report and Management Plan

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Glinton Conservation Area Appraisal Report and Management Plan GLINTON CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL REPORT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN Prepared by: Planning and Delivery, Peterborough City Council Date: March 2009 1 GLINTON CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL REPORT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 SCOPE OF APPRAISAL 3.0 GLINTON CONSERVATION AREA 4.0 BRIEF HISTORY OF SETTLEMENT 5.0 ARCHAEOLOGY 6.0 LANDSCAPE SETTING 7.0 THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT 8.0 TREES, HEDGES AND WALLS 9.0 TOWNSCAPE 10.0 MANAGEMENT PLAN 11.0 CONTACTS AND REFERENCES Appendix 1 The Evidence Base 1.1 Building Periods 1.2 Protected Buildings 1.3 Wall Materials 1.4 Roof Materials 1.5 Trees, Walls & Hedges Appendix 2 Conservation Area Boundary and Proposals Map Appendix 3 Summary of Listed Buildings Appendix 4 Statutory Planning Policies Appendix 5 Effect of Conservation Area Status Appendix 6 Village layout 2 1.0 INTRODUCTION Conservation Areas are “…areas of special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance”. Planning (Listed Buildings & Conservation Areas) Act 1990. The purpose of conservation area designation is to retain the special character and appearance of an area and to bring forward measures to enhance its appearance and historic interest. Designation demonstrates a commitment to positive action. The local planning authority is required to periodically review its conservation areas. A character appraisal is a way of identifying the key features that define the special interest of an area and proposals for enhancement. It is important that all those who have an interest in the conservation area are aware of those elements that must be preserved or enhanced. This report assesses the historic and architectural qualities of Glinton, sets a measurable 2007 benchmark for future monitoring and makes recommendations for the management of the area over the next 5-10 years to ensure its special character, historic fabric and appearance are retained and enhanced. It is expected that further periodic reviews will take place with residents during this period. This report will be a useful source of information for residents, applicants and others who live in Glinton. The report can be viewed or downloaded at www.peterborough.gov.uk Copies are available on request from Planning Services, Stuart House East Wing, St Johns Road, Peterborough. A summary on public consultation is available. The Glinton Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan was adopted on 17th March 2009 as City Council approved planning guidance and will be a material consideration when making planning decisions and considering other changes affecting the area to ensure that its special character and appearance is not harmed. The character appraisal will: • identify the areas special character • review existing conservation area boundaries • provide a basis for considering planning proposals that affect the area • make recommendations to ensure its special qualities are retained and enhanced. 2.0 SCOPE OF APPRAISAL The appraisal area covers the existing conservation area and adjoining areas of historic and architectural significance where these have influence on the conservation area. The conclusions and recommendations reflect the wider appraisal investigations. The appraisal records each facet of the conservation area’s built and natural fabric in a series of databases. This is the foundation for the Draft Management Plan comprising of proposals for future policy and for practical management initiatives. The appraisal reflects the advice given by English Heritage on Conservation Area Appraisals & Management Plans. www.english-heritage.org.uk The appraisal draws on the Glinton Village Design Statement, adopted by Peterborough City Council in 2001as planning guidance www.peterborough.gov.uk 3 3.0 GLINTON CONSERVATION AREA Glinton is an attractive rural village some 6 miles to the north of Peterborough. The Glinton Conservation Area is set round the historic core of the village and St Benedict’s Church. The conservation area was designated by Peterborough City Council in 1975. The boundary of the conservation area is shown in Appendix 2 and by the aerial map below. The character of Glinton has probably altered more in the last 70 years then in the previous 700 and is under continuing pressure for change. A programme of strategy and practical actions are necessary to preserve the essential historic fabric and significance of buildings and the landscape in which they are set. 4 3. BRIEF HISTORY OF SETTLEMENT The present village of Glinton lies some 10 metres above the floodplains of the River Welland in an area historically known as the Nassaburgh Hundred: a medieval sub-division of Northamptonshire between Stamford and Peterborough bounded by the rivers Welland and Nene. Archaeological evidence shows that Bronze and Iron Age people settled in the Welland Valley exploiting the natural resources of woodlands, fens and grazing meadows and cultivating the fertile upper river terraces for crops. So well did these people do that they left behind a series of nationally important earthworks. However, no evidence has been uncovered of ancient settlement within Glinton parish. The Roman occupation left its mark on the landscape. The B1443 (west of the current line of the A15) lies on the line of a Roman road running from Barnack drift, across Ermine Street and King Street to Crowland. Car Dyke, (which is interpreted as a Roman canal or drainage channel running between the Nene navigation and Lincoln via the River Welland and Witham), runs immediately to the east and north of Glinton and Peakirk. Whilst the Roman period has undoubtedly shaped the present landscape, the current village does not appear to have been influenced by the Roman period. Glinton’s position would always have been of strategic significance. It is just on dry land, above the fens and astride an ancient north south route (now the A15) and the 'causeway' routes into the fens to Crowland and Thorney and beyond. It is also close to the Welland navigation. It is said that villages centred around a green are typical of Saxon form of settlement. Associations with St Pega (d. 719) also make for an Old English connection. However, there is no hard evidence to connect the present village with the Anglo Saxon period. The influence of the Norman's on the Glinton we see today is illustrated in the Domesday Book. The land of Peterborough Abbey in Glinton is described as having 12 ploughs, 100 acres of meadow and woodland, 2 maid servants, 10 villeins, 6 borders and 8 sokemen. The knights of Peterborough Abbey held 10 hides and 1 virgate of land, with 15 and a half ploughs, 33-sokemen holding 9 and a half of these and two mills. The Norman feudal open field system was easily imposed on the flat landscape. Glinton-cum- Peakirk is identifiable as a classic form of manor, as described in The English Heritage publication 'England's Landscape - The East Midlands' (Stocker, 2006). The north boundary of the Parish was the River Welland. The damp southern river margins were used for rich seasonal grazing, harvesting reeds and sedges, wildfowling and fish trapping; the terraces, with alluvial soils overlying the Oxford clays were ideal for the great medieval open fields. It is likely that the mills were on Brook Drain (north of the village), which still retains its winding medieval course. The woodlands were probably on the higher ground at the southern hedge of the parish where vestiges of woodlands remain just north and south of Pellett Hall. The only surviving medieval building is the Church of St Benedict, which dates from the 12th century, although it is reputed that the current 17th century Manor House is on the site of an earlier structure. A glimpse of medieval Glinton can be gained from the 1819 Enclosure Map. (Map 1) Even by the 17th century, land immediately around the green had been enclosed to form small plots and in these stood the 17th century stone rubble and thatch cottages that we see today. These were the homes of freeman and the closes enabled them to grow herbs and vegetables, fruit and nut trees and keep small livestock close to their home. The average peasant family would have existed in little more than a shanty. 5 In contrast, the Lord of the Manor had erected a grand house and a whole complex of barns, sheds, outhouses, a dovecote, fishponds, all built in better quality stone with collyweston slate roofs. Just beyond the village streets were the great fields, Well Moor Field and Pasture Field to the south, Mill Field, Dovecote and Brookfield to the north with Low Meadow and beyond the communal grazing of the North Fen. There was water-meadow/fen grazing in the summer, drier pasture for the winter, 4 arable open fields with the rotation of 3 under cultivation and 1 lying fallow and access to woodland and the sedges and reeds of the fen. The landscape would have been open. This communal farming system, originating in Saxon times and formalised by the Normans continued for 800 years, during which time the population of Glinton would have fluctuated between 100 and 200 people. However, by the 17th century the feudal system was becoming increasingly outdated and the application of more scientific approaches to husbandry heralded major changes on the farming landscape and the villages within it. From the 1819 Enclosure Map, it is clear that people had been trading and rationalising their strips in the open fields, to form smaller more compact holdings that they individually farmed for profit. This map also shows evidence of the different system of administration with agriculture being organised around 5 farms, with workshops and cottages grouped around the farmyards. The 19th century philosophy of order and self-improvement brought other new buildings including The School, Congregational and Methodist Chapels and the Police Station.
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