APRIL 2018 Number 2 Volume 72
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APRIL 2018 Volume 72 Number 2 AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY FOUNDED IN 1848 INCORPORATED IN 1887 IN MASSACHUSETTS 2017-2018 PRESIDENT FIRST SECOND M. WARMUND VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT M. PRITTS N. BASSIL SECRETARY RESIDENT AGENT MASSACHUSETTS T. EINHORN W. R. AUTIO EDITOR R. P. MARINI EXECUTIVE BOARD P. HIRST M. WARMUND M. PRITTS Past President President 1st Vice President N. BASSIL T. EINHORN 2nd Vice President Secretary D. CHAVEZ E. HOOVER G. PECK ('15 - '18) ('16 - '19) ('17 - '20) ADVISORY COMMITTEE 2015-2018 L. KALCSITS P. CONNER L. WASKO DEVETTER R. HEEREMA E. HELLMAN 2016-2019 R. MORAN E. GARCIA S. YAO M. EHLENFELDT D. BRYLA 2017-2020 BRENT BLACK GINA FERNANDEZ DAVID KARP IOANNIS MINAS SERA SERRA CHAIRS OF STANDING COMMITTEES Editorial Shepard Award Membership R. PERKINS-VEAZIE F. TAKEDA P. HIRST Wilder Medal Awards Nominations U. P. Hedrick Award J. CLARK P. HIRST E. FALLAHI Registration of New Fruit and Nut Cultivars Website K. GASIC & J. PREECE M. OLMSTEAD 73 April 2018 Volume 72 Number 2 CONTENTS A New Sweet Persimmon: ‘Ramong’ – K.B. Ma, K.S Cho, S.S. Kang, J.H, Han, Y.K. Kim, H. S. Hwana, and I.S. Shin ......74 Evaluation of Cold-climate Interspecific Hybrid Wine Grape Cultivars for the Upper Midwest – Amaya Atucha, Janet Hedtcke, and Beth Ann Workmaster .................................................................................................................................80 Breeding for Brown Rot (Monilinia spp.) Tolerance in Clemson University Peach Breeding Program – Wanfang Fu, Ralph Burrell, Cassia Da Silva Linge, Guido Schnabel, and Kseniha Gasic (U.P. Hedrick Award – First Place) ..............................94 Root Distribution of ‘Brightwell’ and ‘Premier’ Rabbiteye Blueberries as Influenced by Pecan Shell Mulch – Ashley A. Hoppers, James D. Spiers, J. Raymond Kessler, Jr., Amy N. Wright, and Arlie A. Powell (U.P. Hedrick Award – Second Place) ......................................................................................................................................101 A Review of Neofabraea malicorticis Biology and Management of Anthracnose Canker in Apple Orchards in the Maritime Pacific Northwest – Whitney J. Garton, Lisa W. Devetter, Mark Mazzola, and Carol A. Miles .............................113 Primocane-Fruiting Red Raspberry Cultivar Evaluation in High Tunnels – Eric Hanson, Brent Crain, and Diane Brown-Rytlewski ...........................................................................................................................................................122 Matted-Row Strawberry Cultivar Productivity in Missouri, 2013-14 – Martin L. Kaps ........................................................128 About the Cover: ‘Romang Persimmon’ ..................................................................................................................................134 GA4+7 Soak Before Cold Stratification Enhances Juglans nigra Seedling Production – Michele R. Warmund and J.W.Van Sambeek ..............................................................................................................................................................135 Correction ................................................................................................................................................................................143 Book Review: Achieving Sustainable Cultivation of Apples – Robert M. Crassweller ..........................................................144 Published by THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Journal of the American Pomological Society (ISSN 1527-3741) is published by the American Pomological Society as an annual volume of 4 issues, in January, April, July and October. Membership in the Society includes a volume of the Journal. Most back issues are available at various rates. Paid renewals not received in the office of the Business Manager by January 1 will be temporarily suspended until payment is received. For current membership rates, please consult the Business Manager. Editorial Office: Manuscripts and correspondence concerning editorial matters should be addressed to the Editor: Richard Marini, 203 Tyson Building, Department of Plant Science, University Park, PA 16802-4200 USA; Email: [email protected]. Manuscripts submitted for publication in Journal of the American Pomological Society are accepted after recommendation of at least two editorial reviewers. Guidelines for manuscript preparation are the same as those outlined in the style manual published by the American Society for Horticultural Science for HortScience, found at http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.ashs.org/resource/resmgr/files/style_manual.pdf. Postmaster: Send accepted changes to the Business office. Business Office: Correspondence regarding subscriptions, advertising, back issues, and Society membership should be addressed to the Business Office, C/O Heather Hilko, ASHS, 1018 Duke St., Alexandria, VA 22314; Tel 703-836- 4606; Email: [email protected] Page Charges: A charge of $50.00 per page for members and $65.00 per page ($32.00 per half page) will be made to authors. In addition to the page charge, there will be a charge of $40.00 per page for tables, figures and photographs. Society Affairs: Matters relating to the general operation of the society, awards, committee activities, and meetings should be addressed to Michele Warmund, 1-31 Agriculture Building, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia MO 65211; Email:[email protected]. Society Web Site: http://americanpomological.org 74 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Journal of the American Pomological Society 72(2): 74-79 2018 A New Sweet Persimmon: ‘Romang’ K.B. MA, K.S. CHO, S.S. KANG, J.H. HAN, Y.K. KIM, H.S. HWANA, AND I.S. SHIN Additional index words: Diospyros kaki, breeding, fruit characteristics, physiological disorder Abstract ‘Fuyu’ and ‘Jiro’ sweet persimmon were selected and introduced from Japan and account for over 90% of the persimmon production in Korea. The goal of our breeding program is to select domestic sweet persimmon to replace the cultivars from Japan and balance the unequal distribution of late maturing cultivars. ‘Romang’ was a cross of ‘Ro-19’ and ‘Okugosho’ in 1997 and it was selected as ‘97-23-29’ in 2004 for its attractive eating quality and finally selected in 2008 since it had good characteristics with little yearly variation. ‘Romang’ is the first pollination-constant non-astringent (PCNA) persimmon in Korea. The intermediate growth habit is semi-spreading. Its maturation period as a mid-season cultivar was estimated at about 110 days after full bloom. Average fruit weight was 185 g and the fruit has oblate shape, red-orange skin color, and few physiological disorders such as fruit cracking at the apex. Depending on characteristics of astringency, presence of seeds, and flesh color (Kajiura, 1946; Kikuchi, 1948), persimmon (Diospyros kaki) cultivars are classified into four types as follows: 1) pollination-constant and non- astringent (PCNA), 2) pollination-variant and non-astringent (PVNA), 3) pollination-variant and astringent (PVA), and 4) pollination-constant and astringent (PCA). The PCNA type is qualitatively different from the other three types in the level of tannin accumulation in the fruit because the PCNA-type fruit accumulates less tannin and the tannin cells are much smaller than in the other three types (Yonemori and Matsushima, 1985; Kanzaki et al., 2001). Persimmon is one of the major fruit crops and among the oldest cultivated fruits in Korea. Most cultivars are astringent, and the PVNA cultivar ‘Johongsi’ is generally known and appeared in Daeduck area of Damyang county, Jeon-nam province. In Korea, all of the sweet persimmons cultivated commercially were introduced from Japan in the 1900s. All nonastringent cultivars are of Japanese origin, except for ‘Luo Tian Tian Shi’, which is of Chinese origin (Yamada et al., 1993; Yamada et al., 1994; Wang, 1982). In 2014, persimmon production was 385,000 T and ranked second behind China, and is cultivated on 27,000 ha in Korea (Korea Statistical Information Service, 2016). Sweet persimmon’s area has dramatically decreased from 20,000 ha in 2000 to 11,800 ha in 2015 (Korea Statistical Information Service, 2016). The main reason for declining production likely is the unequal distribution of cultivars ‘Fuyu’ and ‘Jiro’ which have poor fruit quality and ripen late, and are susceptible too cold injury in the fall. Therefore, we need to develop new cultivars that have good fruit quality and ripen earlier than ‘Fuyu’ and ‘Jiro’. The PCNA genotype appears to be homozygous recessive for the natural loss of astringency, since the trait of natural astringency-loss in PCNA-type fruit is qualitatively inherited in the progenies and the PCNA genotype is recessive to the other three types (Ikeda et al., 1985; Kanzaki et al., 2001). Therefore PCNA-type cultivars are usually used to obtain PCNA-type seedings. We aim to develop persimmon cultivars of PCNA-type that are earlier maturing and have less physiological disorders than those introduced from Japan. In this study, we selected a new sweet persimmon cultivar that matures 15 days earlier and has less physiological disorders than ‘Fuyu’, and fruits had high sugar concentrations and soft juicy flesh. Materials and Methods ripen fruits. The seeds were washed with In 1997 ‘Ro-19’ was crossed with water, dried for one day at room temperature, ‘Okugosho’ growing in the persimmon put in a polyethylene bag after treating with genetic resources orchard at the