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Profesores Y Grados En La Universidad De Orihuela Durante La Segunda Mitad Del Siglo Xvii*

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Profesores Y Grados En La Universidad De Orihuela Durante La Segunda Mitad Del Siglo Xvii* Archivo Ibero-Americano 77, nº 285 (2017): 377-415 ISSN 0004-0452 PROFESORES Y GRADOS EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DE ORIHUELA DURANTE LA SEGUNDA MITAD DEL SIGLO XVII* PROFESSORS AND DEGREES IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ORIHUELA (ALICANTE, SPAIN) DURING THE SECOND HALF OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY RAFAEL RAMIS BARCELÓ [email protected] PEDRO RAMIS SERRA Universitat de les Illes Balears - IEHM RECIBIDO/RECEIVED: 21-09-2017 ACEPTADO/ACCEPTED: 26-04-2018 RESUMEN: Este trabajo reconstruye la relación de los profesores y los grados en Artes, Medicina y Teología de la Universidad de Orihuela durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVII, a fin de conocer los egresados y su trayectoria, así como el tribunal que los juzgó. Con ello proporcionamos un caudal de datos útil para la prosopografía de la ciudad de Orihuela y de algunas élites levantinas, así como también abundante información sobre el clero regular y secular de esa época. PALABRAS CLAVE: Orihuela, Grados, Artes, Filosofía, Medicina, Teología. ABSTRACT: This paper reconstructs the relationship between professors and the degrees in Arts, Medicine, and Theology of the University of Orihuela awarded during the second half of the 17th century in order to learn about the graduates and their trajectory, as well as the juries that judged them. This study thus provides a wealth of data useful in the examination of the prosopography of the city of Orihuela and some Levantine elites, as well as abundant information on the regular and secular clergy of that time. KEYWORDS: Orihuela, Degrees, Liberal Arts, Philosophy, Medicine, Theology. * https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1756-6695. Edificio Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos. Universitat de les Illes Balears. Instituto de Estudios Hispánicos en la Modernidad. Unidad Asociada al CSIC. Cra. de Valldemossa, km.7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca. 378 RAFAEL RAMIS BARCELÓ Y PEDRO RAMIS SERRA Para citar este artículo/Citation: RAMIS BARCELÓ, Rafael y Pedro RAMIS SERRA. «Profesores y grados en la Universidad de Orihuela durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVII». Archivo Ibero-Americano 77, nº 285 (2017): 377-415. 1. INTRODUCCIÓN Y FUENTES La historia de la Universidad de Orihuela (1610-1807) fue estudiada por Mario Martínez Gomis1 en su valiosa tesis doctoral, que privilegiaba los aspectos cuantita- tivo, económico e institucional. Las corrientes actuales de la historiografía universi- taria se desplazan desde el análisis cuantitativo al prosopográfico, a fin de identificar los personajes, las élites y las corrientes ideológicas,2 así como también el impacto social de los graduados.3 Tras haber reconstruido los primeros grados en Artes, Medicina y Teología de la Universidad (1610-1643),4 dedicamos este trabajo a los profesores y graduados de la segunda mitad de la centuria. Excluimos los grados en Leyes y Cánones para anali- zarlos separadamente,5 pues no era obligatorio que los juristas se graduasen en Artes, 1 La mejor obra sobre la historia de la institución es Mario MARTÍNEZ GOMIS, La Universidad de Orihuela, 1610-1807. Un centro de estudios superiores entre el Barroco y la Ilustración (Alicante: Instituto de Estudios Juan Gil Albert, 1987). La síntesis más actualizada de la cuestión puede verse en M. MARTÍNEZ GOMIS, «Bosquejo histórico de la Universidad de Orihuela (1569-1807)», en Luis E. RODRÍGUEZ-SAmpEDRO BEZARES y Juan L. POLO RODRÍGUEZ (coord.), Universidades hispánicas: colegios y conventos universitarios en la Edad Moderna: Miscelánea Alfonso IX (Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca, 2010), 45-70. Véase también, para el marco valenciano, Mariano PESET, María F. MANCEBO, Mario MARTÍNEZ GOMIS y Pilar GARCÍA TROBAT, Historia de las universidades valencianas, 2 vols. (Alicante: Universidad de Alicante-Instituto Juan Gil Albert, 1993). Véase también el libro de Lucrecia DE LA VIÑA, La Universidad de Orihuela en el siglo XVIII (Alicante: Excma. Diputación Provincial de Alicante, 1978). 2 Véase Mariano PESET, «La organización de las universidades españolas en la edad moderna», en A. ROMANO (ed.), Studi e Diritto nell’area mediterranea in età moderna (Messina: Rubbettino, 1993), 73-122 y Luis E. RODRÍGUEZ-SAN PEDRO BEZARES, «Las universidades hispanas en la Edad Moderna. Un balance», en Las Universidades Hispánicas De la Monarquía de los Austrias al Centralismo Liberal (Valladolid: Ed. Universidad de Salamanca, 2000), 1: 1-26. 3 Véase Mario MARTÍNEZ GOMIS, «Las universidades menores del Barroco», en Enrique MARTÍNEZ RUIZ y Magdalena de Pazzis PI CORRALES (eds.), España y Suecia en la época del Barroco (Madrid: Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, 1998), 811-831 y también Pilar GARCÍA TROBAT, «El impacto social de las Universidades menores», en Margarita TORREMOCHA HERNÁNDEZ (coord.), El Estudio General de Palencia. Estudio de los ocho siglos de la Universidad española (Valladolid: Universidad de Valladolid, 2012), especialmente 154-159. 4 Rafael RAMIS BARCELÓ y Pedro RAMIS SErrA, «Los primeros grados de la Universidad de Orihuela (1610-1643)», Estudis. Revista de Historia Moderna 43 (2017): 235-260. 5 Véase Rafael RAMIS BARCELÓ, «La Facultad de Leyes y Cánones de la Universidad de Orihuela en el siglo XVII», Cuadernos de historia del derecho 24 (2017): 161-185. Archivo Ibero-Americano 77, nº 285 (2017): 377-415 - ISSN 0004-0452 Profesores y grados en la Universidad de Orihuela 379 como sí lo hacían los estudiantes de Medicina y Teología. De esta manera agrupa- mos los mismos graduados y podemos estudiar toda su carrera, desde el bachillerato en Artes hasta el doctorado en Artes, el bachillerato en Medicina, el doctorado en Medicina, el bachillerato en Teología o el doctorado en Teología. Las fuentes que trabajamos son esencialmente los libros de Grados y Acuerdos de la Universidad de Orihuela, custodiados en el Archivo Histórico de Orihuela. En concreto, estudiamos con detalle los siguientes libros: L. 141, Secc. Univ., Libro de Grados y Acuerdos de la Universidad de Orihuela (1658-1662); L. 142, Secc. Univ., Libro de Grados y Acuerdos de la Universidad de Orihuela (1678-1685); L. 143, Secc. Univ., Libro de Acuerdos y Grados de la Universidad de Orihuela (1685- 1699). Hay libros que desaparecieron, por lo que el conocimiento de la época no puede ser completo, sino solamente aproximado. Otras fuentes del mismo archivo, así como también del ACA (especialmente de la Sección «Consejo de Aragón»), ayudan a comprender mejor la evolución de la institución. Tenemos en cuenta asi- mismo algunos materiales de la Biblioteca Pública Municipal de Orihuela.6 Entre los trabajos más recientes, hay que citar la tesis de Paloma Martínez Poveda,7 útil a la hora de aportar datos acerca de los lectores y las publicaciones impresas. La Universidad oriolana, como se ha indicado en los estudios llevados a cabo hasta ahora, fue una sede típicamente contrarreformista, erigida con el concurso de la Orden de Predicadores y al calor del nacimiento de una nueva diócesis.8 Mien- tras que el Reino de Valencia tenía ya las Universidades de Valencia9 y Gandía,10 la región del Bajo Segura y las vecinas, comprendiendo las diócesis de Orihuela, Cartagena, Almería, Cuenca y la parte más oriental de la Archidiócesis de Toledo, no tenían ninguna sede universitaria. 6 Véase Víctor SÁNCHEZ GIL, «La Sección de Manuscritos de la Biblioteca Pública Municipal de Orihuela (Alicante. Siglos XV-XIX », en I Congreso de Historia del País Valenciano (Valencia: Universidad de Valencia, 1973), 1: 607-616. 7 Paloma MARTÍNEZ POVEDA, «La imprenta en Orihuela y Alicante. Siglos XVII-XVIII» (tesis doctoral, Universidad de Alicante, 2015). 8 Un trabajo descriptivo y clásico es el de Justo GARCÍA SORIANO, El colegio de predicadores y la universidad de Orihuela: monografía histórico-descriptiva (Murcia: Domingo L. Riquelme, 1918). 9 Para la Universidad de Valencia, véase Amparo FELIPO, Francisca MIRALLES VIVES, Francisco J. PERIS, Estudiantes y grados de cursos en la Universidad de Valencia (1650-1707) (Valencia: Universidad de Valencia, 2013) y Amparo FELIPO, Francisca MIRALLES VIVES, Francisco J. PERIS, Estudiantes y probanzas de cursos en la Universidad de Valencia (1561-1707) (Valencia: Universidad de Valencia, 2013). 10 Pilar GARCÍA TROBAT, «Los grados de la Universitat de Gandía (1630-1772)», en AA.VV., Universidades españolas y americanas (Valencia, CSIC, 1987), 175-87. Archivo Ibero-Americano 77, nº 285 (2017): 377-415 - ISSN 0004-0452 380 RAFAEL RAMIS BARCELÓ Y PEDRO RAMIS SERRA Beltrán de Heredia11 expuso el inmenso peso que tuvieron los dominicos en la formación universitaria en la Corona de Aragón. En las universidades municipales, los dominicos concurrieron a numerosas cátedras y otros tantos ejercieron como lectores en escuelas o universidades conventuales de su propiedad, como las de Tor- tosa12 o Solsona,13 que mantuvieron su actividad hasta 1717. La erección de la Universidad de Orihuela ya ha sido explicada con detalle en los trabajos antes citados. Cabe sólo recordar que en 1569, Pío V concedió un privilegio pontificio al Colegio,14 que otorgaba al centro la categoría plena de Universidad con todas sus Facultades, con la potestad de conceder grados tanto a religiosos como a seglares. Tras medio siglo de disputas con la Universidad de Valencia y de desavenencias entre los poderes de la Ciudad, se firmó finalmente una concordia el 29 de julio de 1643 en el que la Ciudad de Orihuela se comprometía a pagar quinientas libras anuales para fundar sendas cátedras de leyes y cánones, una de Instituta y tres de medicina. El Colegio dominicano tenía que dotar cuatro cátedras de teología y dos de Artes, a fin de que se pudieran seguir estudios reglados y completos.15 En virtud de la concordia, el Colegio quedaba como responsable de sus cátedras, y el Canciller se convertía en la cabeza indiscutible del centro, pues era quien gober- naba los actos públicos y privados de la Universidad, así como quien designaba las materias que debían leerse en cada cátedra y estructuraba los horarios. Asimismo, correspondía al canciller convocar las oposiciones y presidirlas. El Rector era un canónigo elegido por el Claustro General, que pasaba a ser el órgano decisorio, en se integraban el Justicia, los Jurados, el Racional, los Abogados y el Síndico de la ciudad.
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