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Journal of Mining and Geological Sciences UNIVERSITY OF MINING AND GEOLOGY “ST. IVAN RILSKI” JOURNAL OF MINING AND GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES Volume 61 Part I: Geology and Geophysics Sofia, 2018 ISSN 2535-1176 Editor-in-chief Prof. Dr. Pavel Pavlov University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski” 1, Prof. Boyan Kamenov Str., 1700 Sofia, Bulgaria e-mail: [email protected]; http://www.mgu.bg/nis EDITORIAL BOARD Prof. Dr. Lyuben Totev Part I: Geology and Geophysics Deputy editor, UMG “St. Ivan Rilski” Prof. Dr. Viara Pojidaeva Prof. Dr. Yordan Kortenski Deputy editor, UMG “St. Ivan Rilski” Chairperson of an editorial board, UMG “St. Ivan Rilski” Assoc. Prof. Dr. Stefka Pristavova Prof. Dimitar Sinyovski, DSc. Deputy editor, UMG “St. Ivan Rilski” UMG “St. Ivan Rilski” Prof. Dr. Yordan Kortenski Prof. Dr. Maya Stefanova UMG “St. Ivan Rilski” Institute of Organic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Assoc. Prof. Dr. Elena Vlasseva Sciences UMG “St. Ivan Rilski” Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nikolai Stoyanov Assoc. Prof. Dr. Antoaneta Yaneva UMG “St. Ivan Rilski” UMG “St. Ivan Rilski” Prof. Dr. Radi Radichev Prof. Dr. Desislava Kostova UMG “St. Ivan Rilski” UMG “St. Ivan Rilski” Prof. Stoyan Groudev, DSc UMG “St. Ivan Rilski” Prof. Dr. Strashimir Srtashimirov UMG “St. Ivan Rilski” Prof. Dr. Ognyan Petrov Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Technical secretary: Kalina Marinova Printig: Publishing House “St. Ivan Rilski” All rights reserved. Reproduction in part or whole without permission is strictly prohibited. 2 C O N T E N T S Part 1 – Geology, Mineralogy and Mineral Deposits Dimitar Sinnyovsky Geosite “Iron Gate” (“Demirkapiya”) in Rila 5 Natalia Kalutskova Nikolai Dronin Iliyana Tsvetkova Nadezhda Atanasova Gergana Meracheva 3D Structural Model of Tertiary Sediments in NW Part of 11 Efrosima Zaneva-Dobranova Thrace Basin Bogdan Prodanov Integrated Geodatabase for the Coastal Zone between 17 Lyubomir Dimitrov Sozopol and Tsarevo (South Bulgarian Black Sea Coast) Valentina Doncheva Todor Lambev Kameliya Marinova Petrographic Investigation of Ceramic Artifacts from the 23 Stefka Pristavova Thracian Sanctuaries in the Eastern Rhodopes Boris Valchev Campanian-Maastrichtian Benthic Foraminifera from the Byala 30 Sava Juranov Formation (Eastern Balkan) Boris Valchev Campanian Planktonic Foraminiferal Assemblages from the 37 Chugovitsa Formation in the Area of Jelyava and Eleshnitsa Villages, Sofia District Kamen Popov The Hercynian Collisional Metallogeny in Bulgaria 43 Ivan Dimitrov Field Observation of the Buried Weathering Crust in the 51 Valentina Nikolova Oshtava Graben (Southwestern Bulgaria) Iuli Paskov Dimitar Sinnyovsky Unesco Geopark Initiative and Bulgarian Geoconservation 57 Radostina Rizova Tectonomorphologic Characteristics of Zavalska Mountain, 63 Georgi Nachev SW Bulgaria Ivan Dimitrov Part 2 – Geophysics, Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Drilling and Oil and Gas Production Ivan Nikolov Catalytic Carbon Nanodots for Oxygen Reduction Reaction 69 Alexander Loukanov Elena Ustinovich Anatoliy Angelov Seiichiro Nakabayashi 3 Nikolay Stoyanov Mathematical Flow Model of the Krasnovo Thermomineral 73 Stefan Zeinelov Field (Southern Bulgaria) Martin Boyadjiev Research to Determine the Dependence Between the 79 Grigor Filkov Environmental Temperature and the Temperature of Natural Gas Used for the Domestic Sector as a Consumption Factor Dobri Dobrev Incidents in Natural Gas Transport 84 Mihail Mihailov Stanislav Yankov Emergency Actions and Neutralization of Oil Spills 89 Blagovesta Vladkova Denitsa Borisova Spectral Reference Library Filled with Reflectance Rock 97 Banush Banushev Features Doyno Petkov Marjan Delipetrev Elements and Structure of the Normal Geomagnetic Field in 104 Blagica Doneva the Republic of Macedonia Gorgi Dimov Stefan Zeynelov A Complex Approach for Sedimentary Architecture Modelling 109 Daniel Ishlyamski of Fluvial Successions and Their Conversion into Bozhurka Georgieva Hydrogeological Units 4 JOURNAL OF MINING AND GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Vol. 61, Part I, Geology and Geophysics, 2018 GEOSITE “IRON GATE” (“DEMIRKAPIYA”) IN RILA Dimitar Sinnyovsky1, Natalia Kalutskova2, Nikolai Dronin2, Iliyana Tsvetkova1, Nadezhda Atanasova1 1 University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”, 1700 Sofia, [email protected] 2 Moscow State University “M. V. Lomonosov”, Moscow, [email protected] ABSTRACT. Geosite “Iron Gate” (“Demirkapiya”) is situated on the territory of Samokov Municipality, Sofiа District. It is in the glacier valley of Beli Iskar River between the summits of Golyam Skakavets (2705.9 m) and Musala (2925.4 m). Geosite “Iron Gate” is of aesthetic and scientific value. It includes the deepest part of the largest glacier valley on the Balkan Peninsula carved out by the Beli Iskar glacier during the Würm Ice Age. This is the deepest place in the valley called "Demirkapiya" or "Iron Gate", due to the impressive displacement of 1250 m between the riverbed and the surrounding peaks. The Beli Iskar River valley is a typical U-shaped glacier trough valley with steep slopes and rounded bottom and a length of 21 km between Kanara Cirque and Beli Iskar village. Side glacier moraines on both slopes of the valley are formed during the ice age and covered later by supraglacial moraines (scree slopes). They consist of angular or somewhat rounded particles, ranging in size from large boulders to glacial flour, obtained as a result of the rocks disintegration. The monolith granite of the Musala Body of the Rila-West Rhodopean Batholith is cut by numerous pegmatite, aplite and quartz veins, vein-like granite bodies and dykes of diorite and granite porphyry, suitable for demonstration of the principle of cross-cutting relationships in geology. Other important geoconservation features of the site are the glacial and periglacial landforms and deposits, which may serve for demonstration of the manner in which glaciers work. The area is on the territory of the National Park Rila with restricted measures, according to the requirements of such category protected areas. Keywords: Geosite “Iron Gate”, Geopark Rila ГЕОТОП „ЖЕЛЯЗНА ВРАТА” („ДЕМИРКАПИЯ”) В РИЛА Димитър Синьовски1, Наталия Калуцкова2, Николай Дронин2, Илияна Цветкова1, Надежда Атанасова1 1 Минно-геоложки университет "Св. Иван Рилски", 1700 София, [email protected] 2 Московски държавен университет „М. В. Ломоносов”, Москва, [email protected] РЕЗЮМЕ. Геотоп "Желязна врата" ("Демиркапия") се намира на територията на община Самоков, област София. Той e в ледниковата долина на р. Бели Искър между върховете Голям Скакавец (2705.9) и Мусала (2925.4). Геотоп "Желязна врата" е с естетическа и научна стойност. Той включва най- дълбоката част от най-голямата ледникова долина на Балканския полуостров, издълбана от белиискърския ледник по време на Вюрмската ледникова епоха. Това е най-дълбокото място в долината "Демиркапия" или "Желязна врата", поради внушителната денивелация от 1250 м между речното корито и околните върхове. Долината на река Бели Искър е типична U-образна ледникова долина със стръмни склонове и заоблено дъно и дължина 21 km между Канарския циркус и с. Бели Искър. Страничните ледникови морени по двата склона на долината са образувани по време на ледниковата епоха и покрити по-късно от супраглациални склонови морени. Те се състоят от ръбати или леко заоблени късове, вариращи от големи блокове до ледниково брашно, получени в резултат на разпадането на скалите. Монолитният гранит на Мусаленското тяло на Рило-Западнородопския батолит се пресича от множество пегматитни, аплитни и кварцови жили, жилоподобни гранитни тела и дайки от диорит и гранит-порфир, подходящи за демонстриране на принципа на секущите взаимоотношения в геологията. Други важни консервационни характеристики на територията са ледниковите и периглациалните ландшафти и отложения, които могат да служат за демонстрация на начина, по който действат ледниците. Районът е разположен на територията на Национален парк "Рила" с ограничени мерки, съгласно изискванията на тази категория защитени територии. Ключови думи: Геотоп „Желязна врата”, Геопарк Рила Introduction 1250 m against Musala Peak. The geosite includes supraglacial moraines developed on both slopes of the glacier Geosite “Iron Gate” (“Demirkapiya”) is situated on the valley. territory of Samokov Municipality, Sofiа District. It is in the glacier valley of Beli Iskar River between the summits of Golyam Skakavets (2705.9 m) and Musala (2925.4 m). Geological setting Coordinates of the moraines near the road to Beli Iskar Dam are: 34Т 0710994 E, 4673564 N. This point is situated 14 km The area has a simple geological structure. The first data south of Samokov town and 8 km south of Beli Iskar village. about the native rocks belong to Viquenel (1852) who noted that the granite forms peaks with a height of 2500-3000 m and occupies the heights from which Maritsa River expires. On the Category watershed between Maritsa and Iskar, the author described white coarse-grained granite and gray granite. Geosite “Iron Gate” is of aesthetic and scientific value. This is the deepest place of the deepest and longest glacier valley on Hochstetter (1870) also noted Rila granite as the largest the Balkans - the Beli Iskar River Valley with a displacement of granite massive in the old crystalline body of the Rhodopes. 5 JOURNAL OF MINING AND GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Vol. 61, Part I, Geology and Geophysics, 2018 Entering the Beli Iskar River Valley from the north, he phases of postmetamorphic pluton with high potassium- described mica gneiss with layers of amphibolite gneiss, calcium-alkaline character. crystalline
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