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Mangaroa River Flood Hazard Assessment

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Mangaroa River Flood Hazard Assessment Mangaroa River Flood Hazard Assessment HYDRAULIC MODELLING REPORT: VOLUME 1 GW/FP-T-06/63 Final 20/3/07 Mangaroa River Flood Hazard Assessment HYDRAULIC MODELLING REPORT: VOLUME 1 GW/FP-T-06/63 Final 20/3/07 Sinclair Knight Merz Level 12, Mayfair House 54 The Terrace PO Box 10-283 Wellington New Zealand Tel: +64 4 473 4265 Fax: +64 4 473 3369 Web: www.skmconsulting.com Hydraulic Modelling Report Contents Executive Summary 1. Introduction 1 1.1 General 1 1.2 Scope of Modelling 1 2. River and Catchment Description 2 2.1 General Description 2 2.2 River Description 2 3. Hydraulic Modelling Concept 4 4. Survey and Data Collection 5 4.1 Topographic Data 5 4.2 Hydrologic Data 5 4.3 Water Level Boundary 5 4.4 Observed Water Level and Rating discharge 6 4.5 Assessment of Mangaroa Gauge Rating and Influence of Hutt Water Level 8 5. Hydraulic Modelling 10 5.1 Model Construction 10 5.2 Model Calibration and Validation 18 5.3 Design Scenarios 22 5.4 Results and Discussions 24 6. Flood Hazard Mapping 51 6.1 Mapping Introduction 51 6.2 Mapping Methodology 51 7. Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation 52 7.1 Recommendations 52 8. References 53 Appendix A Raw Model Results 54 SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ I:\Aenv\Projects\AE02482\Deliverables\AE02482W0006_ver3(final).doc PAGE i Hydraulic Modelling Report Document history and status Revision Date issued Reviewed by Approved by Date approved Revision type A 29/5/2006 CMM CMM 8/12/2005 Final Final 20/3/07 CMM CMM 20/3/07 Final (Updated RBL) Distribution of copies Revision Copy no Quantity Issued to Final 1 1 Phillip Purves Final 1 10 Sharyn Westlake Printed: 22 March 2007 Last saved: 20 March 2007 05:34 PM File name: I:\Aenv\Projects\AE02482\Deliverables\AE02482W0006_ver3(ls).doc Author: Jahangir Alam Project manager: Benjamin Fountain Name of organisation: Greater Wellington Regional Council Name of project: Mangaroa River Flood Hazard Assessment Name of document: Hydraulic Modelling Report Document version: Final Project number: AE02482 SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ I:\Aenv\Projects\AE02482\Deliverables\AE02482W0006_ver3(final).doc PAGE ii Hydraulic Modelling Report Executive Summary A combined one and two dimensional hydraulic model was constructed of the Mangaroa River to assist in the development of hazard plans. These plans are intended to assist in the preparation of planning controls to address the hazards in the valley. This report details the technical background to the construction and calibration of this model. Comparison of the results of the hydraulic modelling with historical flooding records, including gauged levels, historical flooding records and eye witness accounts, found that the model produced results that were acceptable for the purposes of this investigation. In many locations the bridges and culverts were found to be restrictions that could contribute to flooding, however the majority of flooding out of the main channel is due to the under-capacity of the river. While regular inundation of the flood plain is likely the modelling only identified 4 major locations of flooding that endangers residential buildings. These areas are: Upper Mangaroa, near the intersection of Russell Road and Whitemans Valley Road. The breakout point downstream of the Huia and Mangaroa confluence. Upstream of the Mangaroa Hill Road Bridge. The Residential properties on Maymorn Road near the confluence of the Mangaroa and Collins Stream. The Recommended Building Levels and Flood Hazard Maps developed for the 100 year flood event will provide the basis for the development of flood hazard planning controls within the Mangaroa River Valley. SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ I:\Aenv\Projects\AE02482\Deliverables\AE02482W0006_ver3(final).doc PAGE iii Hydraulic Modelling Report 1. Introduction 1.1 General The main focus of the Mangaroa River Floodplain Hazard Assessment is concerned with the development of planning controls, and their implementation. Much of the work in this project has gone into the construction and testing of a hydraulic model to provide the tools to accomplish this. This report focuses on the technical aspects of the construction and calibration of this model, and the basis of decision making for the development of Hazard Plans. SKM has developed a hydraulic model using a combined one dimensional (1D) and two dimensional (2D) flood modelling approach using MIKEFLOOD. This approach is compatible with Council software and is aimed to be transferable to Greater Wellington at the completion of SKMs involvement. The purposes of the modelling activities in the project are: to develop a model that can provide an understanding of the dynamics of floods as well as the hydraulic functionality of the river and flood plains. use the model for prediction of flood extent, depth and velocity on the flood plains for different scenarios. a high level assessment of flood damages to residential development and infrastructures on the floodplain. identification of critical water levels for use by the Flood Protection Department (FPD) in carrying out their flood warning functions and duties. 1.2 Scope of Modelling The initial brief was to simulate flooding from the main channel of the Mangaroa between the confluence with the Hutt River at Te Marua to the floodplains at the headwater catchments as shown in Figure 2.1. Following the initial coarse model runs, the model was extended to include the lower portion of Black Creek (up to Wallaceville Hill Road), and the Huia and Narrow Neck stream between Mangaroa Valley Road and the Mangaroa River. These extensions were both included to improve the model detail in areas where significant overflows were identified from the main River channel. SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ I:\Aenv\Projects\AE02482\Deliverables\AE02482W0006_ver3(final).doc PAGE 1 Hydraulic Modelling Report 2. River and Catchment Description 2.1 General Description The Mangaroa catchment, with an area of 103 square kilometres, is characterised by the cluster of small catchments and streams that contribute to the main river channel. These small catchments are very steep with falls of up to 500 meters over three to four kilometres. The catchment comprises approximately 15 – 20 % of alluvial floodplain (a smaller percentage is now active floodplain) with the balance in indigenous forest, regenerating scrub and exotic forest. The Mangaroa River is approximately 21 km long from Johnson’s Road at its headwaters to its confluence with the Hutt River (Figure 2-1). 2.2 River Description The Mangaroa River and floodplain is broadly characterised by three reaches, as shown in Figure 2.1. The lower reach (approximately 7.5 km long) is entrenched from SH2 up to approximately one kilometre above the Mangaroa Valley Road Bridge. The lower 2.5 kilometres of this reach, near Plateau Road, has outcropping rock features and parts of the adjacent residential development may be floodable. The section adjacent to Maymorn Road runs through a short gorge. The final section from above the gorge to upstream of the Mangaroa Valley Road Bridge (approximately five kilometres long) runs through alluvial floodplan; land-use is predominantly rural and pastoral. The Black Creek tributary (which drains the expansive swampy area behind Katherine Mansfield Drive) joins the Mangaroa in this rural section. The middle reach of the Mangaroa runs through Whitemans Valley from the Mangaroa Valley Road Bridge almost up to Russells Road. The floodplain is generally narrow and there are approximately 10 lateral tributary catchments north and south of the main Mangaroa River channel. The channel is relatively shallow and mobile through this reach. The upper “reach” comprises the cluster of headwater catchments and small tributaries at Russells Road, Johnson’s Road and Blue Mountains Road. These smaller streams have, in their flatter sections, been modified by channelisation and the construction of access culverts and bridges. SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ I:\Aenv\Projects\AE02482\Deliverables\AE02482W0006_ver3(final).doc PAGE 2 Hydraulic Modelling Report Figure 2-1 Location Map of Study Area Hutt River Mangaroa River SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ I:\Aenv\Projects\AE02482\Deliverables\AE02482W0006_ver3(final).doccPAGE3 PAGE 3 Hydraulic Modelling Report 3. Hydraulic Modelling Concept Modelling of valley floodplains using two dimensional practices provides a number of advantages over traditional one dimensional modelling. Dynamic as opposed to static modelling of storage, greatly improved assessment of overflow paths, an improved understanding of floodplain velocities, and a reduction in the time required to prepare floodplain maps are all benefits of the 2D modelling system. In a typical floodplain model these benefits need to be balanced against the limitations to accurately model structures, a requirement for quality digital terrain models, the necessity for some areas to be modelled at coarse grid spacings, and long model run times. For this project we have developed a coupled mike11/Mike21 model for the Council that optimises the benefits of both packages, and provides Greater Wellington with a high quality, functional model that minimises run times to acceptable levels for future manipulation and testing of options. Technically MIKEFLOOD preserves hydraulic momentum through its links between the 1D and 2D model. These lateral links allow a string of MIKE21 cells to be laterally connected to a given reach in MIKE11. The flow through the link is dependent upon a structure equation and water levels in MIKE11 and MIKE21. The structure is typically a weir that represents overtopping of riverbank or levee. Momentum preservation is maintained through the links. SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ I:\Aenv\Projects\AE02482\Deliverables\AE02482W0006_ver3(final).doc PAGE 4 Hydraulic Modelling Report 4. Survey and Data Collection 4.1 Topographic Data A LiDAR (Airborne laser scanning) survey of the Mangaroa floodplain was commissioned in July 2004. This survey was used to create a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the floodplain that formed the basis of the Mike21 model. In order to accurately represent the hydraulics of the channel an engineering survey was proposed to complement the LiDAR information in this project.
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