Adaptation for Marine Environments by Locomotive Tunic Structure in Cuttlefish
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The Biology and Ecology of the Common Cuttlefish (Sepia Officinalis)
Supporting Sustainable Sepia Stocks Report 1: The biology and ecology of the common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) Daniel Davies Kathryn Nelson Sussex IFCA 2018 Contents Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 2 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Biology ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 Physical description ............................................................................................................................ 3 Locomotion and respiration ................................................................................................................ 4 Vision ................................................................................................................................................... 4 Chromatophores ................................................................................................................................. 5 Colour patterns ................................................................................................................................... 5 Ink sac and funnel organ -
Tropical Cuttlefish a Model Organism to Study Travelling Waves in Biological Systems 4 August 2014
Tropical cuttlefish a model organism to study travelling waves in biological systems 4 August 2014 several millions of them. The size of each chromatophore can be rapidly and individually altered by neural activation of radial muscles. If those muscles relax, their chromatophore shrinks. If they contract, the chromatophore grows larger. One form of cephalopod pigmentation pattern is the passing cloud – a dark band that travels across the body of the animal. It can be superimposed on various static body patterns and textures. The passing cloud results from the coordinated activation of chromatophore arrays to generate one, or as in the present case, several simultaneous traveling waves of pigmentation. The tropical cuttlefish Metasepia tullbergi proves to be a suitable model organism to investigate the possible neural mechanisms underlying these The cuttlefish Metasepia tullbergi is not only extremely passing clouds. Using high-speed video cameras colourful, it can also generate colour waves traveling with 50 or 100 frames per second, the scientists across its body. Credit: Stephan Junek from the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research observed that the mantle of Metasepia contains four regions of wave travel on each half of the Some cephalopods are masters of display: Not body. Each region supports a different propagation only can they adapt their skin colour to their direction with the waves remaining within the immediate environment, thereby merging with the boundaries of a given region. The animal then uses background, they can also produce propagating different combinations of such regions of wave colour waves along their body. These so-called travel to produce different displays. -
Diversity of Cephalopoda from the Waters Around Taiwan
Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 18(2): 331-340. (1998) 331 DIVERSITY OF CEPHALOPODA FROM THE WATERS AROUND TAIWAN C.C.Lu Department ofZoology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan ABSTRACT Based on a new collection of cephalopods made during the period January 1995 to date, the list of cephalopods known to occur in Taiwanese waters, including the Taiwan Strait, has increased from 32 species to 64 species, belonging to 28 genera, 14 families, including sev eral species of sepiids and octopods new to science. The most speciose families are the family Sepiidae with 15 species, Loliginidae with 7 species, and Octopodidae with 22 spe cies.The fauna is largely in common with that of the neighbouring areas ofthe East China Sea and the South China Sea. When comparing the present result with previous reports, it is evident that the proportion of newly recorded taxa is large. At least 30 out ofthe 64 valid taxa reported are new records (46.9 %) and only 33 out of 63 nominal species previously reported are valid (52.4 %). As the present study is still in its early phase, it is expected that more taxa will be found when more habitats are sampled. Evidently our current knowl edge of cephalopod fauna of the area does not reflect the true diversity. Reasons for this disparity are examined. Using Taiwan as an example, recommendations are made to im prove our knowledge of the cephalopod fauna of the TMMP (Tropical Marine Mollusc Pro gramme) area. INTRODUCTION In China and Taiwan, cephalopods are tra in 19 genera belonging to nine families from ditionally used and prized as food items with Taiwanese waters. -
This Cuttlefish Dazzles Internet Chatter Suggests That the Flamboyant Cuttlefish—Known for Ambling Along the Seafloor and Flashing Brilliant Displays—Is Toxic
SCI CANDY This Cuttlefish Dazzles Internet chatter suggests that the flamboyant cuttlefish—known for ambling along the seafloor and flashing brilliant displays—is toxic. What does the science say? by Julie Leibach, on June 22, 2016 The flamboyant cuttlefish (Metasepia pfeffer) is one of the species featured in the "Tentacles” exhibition at the Monterey Bay Aquarium. © Monterey Bay Aquarium Have you ever seen a cuttlefish walk? If you stop by the Monterey Bay Aquarium’s “Tentacles” exhibit, you might. The aquarium is one of a handful in the country to display flamboyant cuttlefish (Metasepia pfefferi), a diminutive species of cephalopod that often forgoes swimming to crawl, army-style, along the seafloor (or the bottom of a tank). “They kinda lumber around on four appendages,” says Bret Grasse, who manages the cephalopods in the aquarium’s exhibit. Those appendages include two large arms and portions of the cuttlefish’s mantle, which it extends “to provide what looks like two projected legs,” he explains. Grasse hypothesizes that the behavior could have something to do with the size of the flamboyant cuttlefish’s cuttlebone, a calcium carbonate structure in the upper portion of the mantle cavity. Cuttlefishes fill chambers in their cuttlebone with air or water to control their buoyancies in order to swim up, or lower down, in the water column. WWW.SCIENCEFRIDAY.COM But M. pfefferi’s cuttlebone “is very small and narrow relative to their body size” (adults grow about three inches, max), says Grasse. Those dimensions might not support much buoyancy, and thus the species might prefer shuffling over surfaces, he suggests. -
Doguzhaeva Etal 2014 Embryo
Embryonic shell structure of Early–Middle Jurassic belemnites, and its significance for belemnite expansion and diversification in the Jurassic LARISA A. DOGUZHAEVA, ROBERT WEIS, DOMINIQUE DELSATE AND NINO MARIOTTI Doguzhaeva, L.A., Weis, R., Delsate, D. & Mariotti N. 2014: Embryonic shell structure of Early–Middle Jurassic belemnites, and its significance for belemnite expansion and diversification in the Jurassic. Lethaia, Vol. 47, pp. 49–65. Early Jurassic belemnites are of particular interest to the study of the evolution of skel- etal morphology in Lower Carboniferous to the uppermost Cretaceous belemnoids, because they signal the beginning of a global Jurassic–Cretaceous expansion and diver- sification of belemnitids. We investigated potentially relevant, to this evolutionary pat- tern, shell features of Sinemurian–Bajocian Nannobelus, Parapassaloteuthis, Holcobelus and Pachybelemnopsis from the Paris Basin. Our analysis of morphological, ultrastruc- tural and chemical traits of the earliest ontogenetic stages of the shell suggests that modified embryonic shell structure of Early–Middle Jurassic belemnites was a factor in their expansion and colonization of the pelagic zone and resulted in remarkable diversification of belemnites. Innovative traits of the embryonic shell of Sinemurian– Bajocian belemnites include: (1) an inorganic–organic primordial rostrum encapsulating the protoconch and the phragmocone, its non-biomineralized compo- nent, possibly chitin, is herein detected for the first time; (2) an organic rich closing membrane which was under formation. It was yet perforated and possessed a foramen; and (3) an organic rich pro-ostracum earlier documented in an embryonic shell of Pliensbachian Passaloteuthis. The inorganic–organic primordial rostrum tightly coat- ing the protoconch and phragmocone supposedly enhanced protection, without increase in shell weight, of the Early Jurassic belemnites against explosion in deep- water environment. -
Seagrass-Reef Ecosystem Connectivity of Fish and Invertebrate Communities in Zamboanguita, Philippines
Seagrass-reef ecosystem connectivity of fish and invertebrate communities in Zamboanguita, Philippines Naomi Westlake BSc. Marine Biology 2020/21 Project Advisor: Dr Stacey DeAmicis SEAGRASS-REEF CONNECTIVITY IN THE PHILIPPINES Seagrass-reef ecosystem connectivity of fish and invertebrate communities in Zamboanguita, Philippines Westlake, Naomi School of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA [email protected] ABSTRACT Seagrass meadows are important coastal marine ecosystems that are frequently found in close proximity to coral reefs, and temporarily play host to a wide range of reef species for many reasons. Seagrass populations are declining globally, and these losses pose a great risk to areas such as South- East Asia where the livelihoods of people are heavily dependent on seagrass-reef systems. Hence, seagrass ecosystem management within these regions is extremely important. The aim of this study was to gain a greater understanding of seagrass-reef ecosystem connectivity within the Indo-Pacific, and to use findings to inform future marine reserve planning in the region. Visual census belt surveys (n = 140) were conducted within the Seagrass, Interface and Reef zones of three Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Zamboanguita, Philippines, with fish and invertebrate communities compared across zones. Species diversity trends varied across sites, as did fish abundance, fish biomass, and fish community composition trends. For Malatapay and Lutoban South MPAs, fish assemblages did not differ across zones, and Seagrass and Reef zones shared approximately 20 % of species, indicating high ecosystem connectivity. Presumed habitat uses by fish at these sites include foraging and nursery grounds, as well as potential breeding by a pair of longface emperors. -
Adaptations to Squid-Style High-Speed Swimming in Jurassic
Downloaded from http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/ on August 26, 2017 Evolutionary biology Adaptations to squid-style high-speed rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org swimming in Jurassic belemnitids Christian Klug1,Gu¨nter Schweigert2, Dirk Fuchs3, Isabelle Kruta4,5 and Helmut Tischlinger6 Research 1Pala¨ontologisches Institut und Museum, Universita¨tZu¨rich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zu¨rich, Switzerland 2 Cite this article: Klug C, Schweigert G, Fuchs Staatliches Museum fu¨r Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany 3Earth and Planetary System Science, Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan D, Kruta I, Tischlinger H. 2016 Adaptations to 4Centre de Recherches sur la Pale´obiodiversite´ et les Pale´oenvironnements (CR2P, UMR 7207), Sorbonne squid-style high-speed swimming in Jurassic Universite´s – UPMC-Paris 6, MNHN, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu case 104, 75005, Paris, France belemnitids. Biol. Lett. 12: 20150877. 5AMNH, New York, NY 10024, USA 6 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0877 Tannenweg 16, 85134 Stammham, Germany Although the calcitic hard parts of belemnites (extinct Coleoidea) are very abundant fossils, their soft parts are hardly known and their mode of life is debated. New fossils of the Jurassic belemnitid Acanthoteuthis provided sup- Received: 19 October 2015 plementary anatomical data on the fins, nuchal cartilage, collar complex, Accepted: 30 November 2015 statoliths, hyponome and radula. These data yielded evidence of their pelagic habitat, their nektonic habit and high swimming velocities. The new morpho- logical characters were included in a cladistic analysis, which confirms the position of the Belemnitida in the stem of Decabrachia (Decapodiformes). Subject Areas: palaeontology, evolution, ecology 1. -
A New Species of Sepia (Cephalopoda: Sepiidae) from South African Waters with a Re-Description of Sepia Dubia Adam Et Rees, 1966
Folia Malacol. 26(3): 125–147 https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.026.014 A NEW SPECIES OF SEPIA (CEPHALOPODA: SEPIIDAE) FROM SOUTH AFRICAN WATERS WITH A RE-DESCRIPTION OF SEPIA DUBIA ADAM ET REES, 1966 MAREK ROMAN LIPINSKI1,2,*, ROBIN W. LESLIE3 1Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science (DIFS), Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, 6140 Grahamstown, South Africa (e-mail: [email protected]) 2South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Somerset Rd, 6140 Grahamstown, South Africa 3Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Fisheries Management, Private Bag X2, 8018 Vlaeberg, Cape Town, South Africa (e-mail: [email protected]) *corresponding author ABSTRACT: A new species of cuttlefish Sepia shazae n. sp. is described from South Africa. It is one of the commonest small Sepia species in South African waters occurring from 29°48'S in the north to 25°E in the east, between 200 and 700 m (only the third Sepia species recorded deeper than 600 m). It is recognised by: four papillae clusters dorsally on the head between the eyes; tubercles, warts and prominent clusters dorsally on mantle; skin between these structures smooth and shiny; cuttlebone lightly calcified, thin and fragile with thin inner cone and broad outer cone. S. shazae has been confused with Sepia dubia Adam et Rees, 1966 and is well represented in the holdings of the Iziko Museum, Cape Town (SAMC) as “S. dubia(?)”. S. dubia is re-described here on the basis of the second known individual, and is recognised by: four turret-clusters on dorsal head; two turrets transversely on mid-dorsal mantle; small warts covering dorsal body; cuttlebone heavily calcified, exceptionally broad, especially posterior phragmocone and outer cone. -
CEPHALOPODS SQUIDS (Teuthoidea)
previous page 193 CEPHALOPODS TECHNICAL TERMS AND PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENTS AND GUIDE TO MAJOR TAXONOMIC GROUPS SQUIDS (Teuthoidea) Gladius (or internal shell) chitinous, flexible, pen-shaped; 8 arms and 2 non-retractile tentacles. suckers arms tentacle carpus (fixing funnel groove apparatus) head funnel manus eye dactylus mantle photophores photophores fin fin length tail mantle length lamellae modified portion composite diagram illustrating basic squid (teuthoid) features rachis normal suckers vane gladius of squid example of hectocotylized arm in male (Illex) arm I (dorsal) 194 CEPHALOPODS CUTTLEFISHES (Sepioidea) Sepion (internal shelf) large, chalky, rigid; 8 arms and 2 retractile tentacles. tentacular club 2 rows stalk 4 rows hectocotylus pocket striations funnel mantle fin outer cone inner cone spine (or rostrum) ventral view dorsal view spine ventral view diagram of basic cuttlefish features OCTOPUSES (Octopoda) Internal shell reduced or absent; 8 arms, no tentacles. mantle length head dorsal mantle arms web eye suckers ligula length hectocotylus ligula outer gill funnel lamellae (internal) aperture ventral suckers total length diagram of hectocotylus diagram of basic octopus features (lateral view) showing ligula measurement 195 CEPHALOPODS SEPIOIDEA - CUTTLEFISHES Sepion (internal shell) large, chalky, rigid; 8 arms and 2 retractile tentacles. anterior limit SEPIIDAE of striations Sepia bertheloti Orbigny, 1838 FAO names : En - African cuttlefish ; Fr - Seiche africaine; Sp - Jibia africana. Size : females 13 cm, males 17.5 cm (mantle length). Fishing gear : bottom trawls. elongate tubercles Habitat : benthic; captured from 20 to 140 m depth. Loc.name(s) : cuttlebone round, light- 8 rows of coloured suckers of patches about equal size mottled dark and light tentacular club dorsal view Sepia elegans Blainville, 1827 FAO names : En - Elegant cuttlefish; Fr - Seiche élégante; Sp - Castaño. -
Combining Disparity with Diversity to Study the Biogeographic Pattern of Sepiidae
Coleoid cephalopods through time (Warnke K., Keupp H., Boletzky S. v., eds) Berliner Paläobiol. Abh. 03 189-197 Berlin 2003 COMBINING DISPARITY WITH DIVERSITY TO STUDY THE BIOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERN OF SEPIIDAE P. Neige Centre des Sciences de la Terre & UMR CNRS 5561 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, 6 bd Gabriel, F-21000, Dijon, France, [email protected] ABSTRACT Diversity and disparity metrics of recent cuttlefishes are studied at the macroevolutionary scale to establish the geographical biodiversity patterns of these cephalopods at species level and to explore the relationship between these two metrics. One hundred and eleven species distributed in 17 biogeographic areas serve as basic units to explore these complementary biodiversity metrics in space. Landmarks describe cuttlebones; differences between shapes are quantified using relative warp analyses. Relative warps are used as the morphological axis to construct morphospaces whose characteristics are described with total variance as a disparity index. Disparity is analysed and then compared with diversity (i.e. species richness). Results show the peculiarity of southern African coasts (high disparity level with low or high species richness) and the low disparity level of the “East Indies” area associated with high species richness. The particular pattern of southern Africa may have been caused by paleogeographical changes since the Eocene whereas that of the “East Indies” may indicate that this area could have acted as a centre of origin. The number of species in a given area does not predict the level of disparity, which suggests the need for both diversity and disparity metrics to be explored when studying biogeography. INTRODUCTION opportunity to search for evolutionary mechanisms at macroevolutionary scale (Foote 1993, Jablonski 2000). -
Genus-Level Phylogeny of Cephalopods Using Molecular Markers: Current Status and Problematic Areas
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ResearchOnline at James Cook University Genus-level phylogeny of cephalopods using molecular markers: current status and problematic areas Gustavo Sanchez1,2, Davin H.E. Setiamarga3,4, Surangkana Tuanapaya5, Kittichai Tongtherm5, Inger E. Winkelmann6, Hannah Schmidbaur7, Tetsuya Umino1, Caroline Albertin8, Louise Allcock9, Catalina Perales-Raya10, Ian Gleadall11, Jan M. Strugnell12, Oleg Simakov2,7 and Jaruwat Nabhitabhata13 1 Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan 2 Molecular Genetics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan 3 Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology—Wakayama College, Gobo City, Wakayama, Japan 4 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 5 Department of Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand 6 Section for Evolutionary Genomics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 7 Department of Molecular Evolution and Development, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 8 Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America 9 Department of Zoology, Martin Ryan Marine Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland 10 Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain 11 Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Tohoku, Japan 12 Marine Biology & Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia 13 Excellence Centre for Biodiversity of Peninsular Thailand, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand ABSTRACT Comprising more than 800 extant species, the class Cephalopoda (octopuses, squid, Submitted 19 June 2017 cuttlefish, and nautiluses) is a fascinating group of marine conchiferan mollusks. -
Mitochondrial CO1 Genetic Marker-Based Species Diversity of Cuttlefish (Cephalopod; Mollusk) in Manado Bay and Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia 1Silvester B
Mitochondrial CO1 genetic marker-based species diversity of cuttlefish (Cephalopod; Mollusk) in Manado Bay and Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia 1Silvester B. Pratasik, 2Marsoedi, 2Diana Arfiati, 2Daduk Setyohadi 1 Aquatic Resources Management Program, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia; 2 Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia. Corresponding author: S. B. Pratasik, [email protected] Abstract. This study determines cuttlefish species from Manado Bay and Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, based upon the mitochondrial CO1 genetic marker. Sample collection used SCUBA gear and fishermen catch. Seven cuttlefish specimens were collected in this study. DNA genomes of the samples were extracted, and CO1 gene fragments were amplified through PCR and sequenced using Big Dye© terminator chemistry (Perkin Elmer). Species identification was conducted with BLAST method. Results showed that there were four species of cuttlefish in Manado Bay and Lembeh Strait, Sepia latimanus, S. pharaonis, Metasepia g, and Sepia ramani. S. latimanus was represented by 4 individuals, and the rests by only one individual. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all samples were separated into 4 species groups, SP1, SP3. SP4 and SP10 (group1), SP5 (group2), SP6 (group3) and SP11 (group4). All species belong to important fisheries resources, but they are in insufficient data status, both fishing rate and population level. Key Words: identification, Sepia, CO1 gene. Introduction. Manado Bay has become an income source of local communities from fishing activities and marine tourism activities, such as swimming, diving, and other water sports. It is also used for marine transport medium to reach other islands northward, such as Bunaken, Manado Tua, Siladen, Mantehage, and Naen Islands.