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193
CEPHALOPODS
TECHNICAL TERMS AND PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENTS AND GUIDE TO MAJOR TAXONOMIC GROUPS
SQUIDS (Teuthoidea)
Gladius (or internal shell) chitinous, flexible, pen-shaped; 8 arms and 2 non-retractile tentacles.
suckers arms
tentacle
carpus (fixing funnel groove apparatus) head funnel manus eye
photophores
fin
fin length
tail
mantle length
lamellae
modified portion
composite diagram illustrating basic squid (teuthoid) features rachis
normal suckers
vane
gladius of squid example of hectocotylized arm in male (Illex)
arm I (dorsal)
194
CEPHALOPODS
CUTTLEFISHES (Sepioidea) Sepion (internal shelf) large, chalky, rigid; 8 arms and 2 retractile tentacles.
tentacular club
2 rows stalk 4 rows
pocket striations funnel mantle
fin
outer cone
inner cone
spine (or rostrum)
ventral view dorsal view
spine
ventral view diagram of basic cuttlefish features
OCTOPUSES (Octopoda)
Internal shell reduced or absent; 8 arms, no tentacles.
mantle length head dorsal mantle arms web eye
suckers ligula length hectocotylus
ligula outer gill funnel lamellae (internal) aperture ventral suckers
total length diagram of hectocotylus diagram of basic octopus features (lateral view) showing ligula measurement
195
CEPHALOPODS
SEPIOIDEA - CUTTLEFISHES
Sepion (internal shell) large, chalky, rigid; 8 arms and 2 retractile tentacles.
anterior limit SEPIIDAE of striations
Sepia bertheloti Orbigny, 1838
FAO names : En - African cuttlefish ; Fr - Seiche africaine; Sp - Jibia africana. Size : females 13 cm, males 17.5 cm (mantle length).
Fishing gear : bottom trawls. elongate tubercles Habitat : benthic; captured from 20 to 140 m depth. Loc.name(s) : cuttlebone
round, light- 8 rows of coloured suckers of patches about equal size
mottled dark and light tentacular club dorsal view
Sepia elegans Blainville, 1827
FAO names : En - Elegant cuttlefish; Fr - Seiche élégante; Sp - Castaño. Size : 9 cm (mantle length). Fishing gear : bottom trawls. Habitat : demersal, from 30 to 430 m depth; spawns in shallow inshore waters throughout the year. cuttlebone Loc.name(s) :
8 rows of suckers
3 large suckers
colour spotted
dorsal view tentacular club
196
CEPHALOPODS
SEPIIDAE
8 rows of suckers of about equal size Sepia elobyana Adam, 1941
FAO names : En - Guinean cuttlefish; Fr - Seiche de Guinée; Sp -Sepia guineana. Size : 6 cm (mantle length). Fishing gear : probably taken as bycatch in bottom trawls, together with other cuttlefish. Habitat : unknown.
Loc.name(s) : tentacular club
reticulate pattern of ridges
dorsal view
5 or 6 rows of suckers
median suckers moderately larger
swimming keel not beyond base of club Sepia officinalis hierredda Rong, 1837
tentacular dub FAO names : En - Common cuttlefish; Fr - Seiche commune; Sp - jibia. Size : 40 cm mantle length, 3.5 kg. Fishing gear : bottom trawls; artisanal gear (spears, pots, traps), often with the use of light. Habitat : demersal, on sandy to muddy bottoms, from the surface to 200 m depth. Loc.name(s) :
dorsal view spine (character of the genus) cuttlebone
colour marbled: black bands on light background
197
CEPHALOPODS
SEPIIDAE
Sepia orbignyana Ferussac, 1826
strong, FAO names : En - Pink cuttlefish; Fr - Seiche rosée; prominent Sp - Jibia rosada. spine Size : 12 cm (mantle length). Fishing gear : bottom trawls. Habitat : coastal, from 50 to 450 m depth. cuttlebone Loc.name(s) :
3 large median suckers
colour mottled 5 rows of suckers swimming keel dorsal view beyond base of club
tentacular club
Sepiella ornata (Rang, 1837)
Synonyms : Sepia ornata Rang, 1837. no spine (character of FAO names : En - Ornate cuttlefish; Fr - Sepia the genus) ornée; Sp - Sepita manchada. Size : 10 cm (mantle length). cuttlebone Fishing gear : bottom trawls (bycatch). series of Habitat : demersal, ranging from 20 to 150 m lightly depth. coloured spots Loc.name(s) :
colour marbled
glandular pore
ventral view of mantle and fins position of gland dorsal view
198
BONY FISHES
SEPIOLIDAE
all arms, except fourth pair united by a web
Heteroteutis dispar (Rüppell, 1845)
FAO names : En - Odd bobtail; Fr - Sépiole différente; Sp - Globito aberante. Size: 2 cm. Fishing gear : pelagic trawls (bycatch). Habitat : exact information not available. Loc.name(s) :
dorsal view ventral view
only third and fourth pairs united by a web
Neorossia caroli (Joubin, 1902)
Synonyms : Rossia caroli Joubin, 1902. FAO names : En - Carol bobtail; Fr - Sépiole carolette; Sp - Globito carolino. Size : 5.5 cm. Fishing gear : bottom trawls. Habitat : demersal, from 300 to 1000 m depth. Loc.name(s) :
dorsal view
199
CEPHALOPODS
TEUTHOIDEA - SQUIDS
Gladius (or internal shell) chitinous, flexible, pen-shaped; 8 arms and 2 non-retractile tentacles.
LOLIGINIDAE buccal lappet without suckers
Alloteuthis africana Adam, 1950
FAO names : En - African squid; Fr - Casseron africain; Sp - Calamarín africano. Size : males 19 cm, females 9 cm (mantle length). Fishing gear : trawls (bycatch). Habitat : continental shelf; spawning on the schematic view of oral side bottom. showing bases of arms and Loc.name(s) : buccal membrane
body ending in a long tail, gladius long female dorsal view male dorsal view
buccal lappet with suckers
Loligo vulgaris Lamarck, 1798
FAO names : En - European squid; Fr - Encornet; Sp - Calamar. Size : males 42 cm, females 32 cm schematic view of oral side showing bases of arms and (mantle length). buccal membrane Fishing gear : bottom trawls. Habitat : benthopelagic, between 20 and 250 m depth, migrating toward the coast for spawning. Loc.name(s) :
lateral fins lozangic
ventral view of mantle dorsal view
200
CEPHALOPODS LOLIGINIDAE
Lolliguncula mercatoris Adam, 1941
buccal lappets FAO names : En - Guinean thumbstall; Fr - Calmar without suckers doigtier de Guinée; Sp - Calamar dedal de Guinea. Size : males 3.5 cm, females 5 cm (mantle length). Fishing gear : bottom trawls. Habitat : coastal waters, on sandy and muddy bottoms, at less than 50 m depth. Loc.name(s) :
fins terminal, ellyptic
OMMASTREPHIDAE funnel groove smooth (without foveola)
8 rows of suckers
Illex coindetii (Verany, 1837) funnel
FAO names : En - Shortfin squid; Fr - Encornet mantle rouge; Sp - Pota voladora. funnel- Size : males 22 cm, females 26 cm (mantle locking cartilage length).
Fishing gear: bottom trawls. ventral view of head Habitat : mostly on sandy bottoms in coastal waters, but may also descend to 1000 m depth. Loc.name(s) :
distal end of tentacular club
funnel-locking ┴ - shaped (family character)
female (dorsal view)
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