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CEPHALOPODS SQUIDS (Teuthoidea) previous page 193 CEPHALOPODS TECHNICAL TERMS AND PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENTS AND GUIDE TO MAJOR TAXONOMIC GROUPS SQUIDS (Teuthoidea) Gladius (or internal shell) chitinous, flexible, pen-shaped; 8 arms and 2 non-retractile tentacles. suckers arms tentacle carpus (fixing funnel groove apparatus) head funnel manus eye dactylus mantle photophores photophores fin fin length tail mantle length lamellae modified portion composite diagram illustrating basic squid (teuthoid) features rachis normal suckers vane gladius of squid example of hectocotylized arm in male (Illex) arm I (dorsal) 194 CEPHALOPODS CUTTLEFISHES (Sepioidea) Sepion (internal shelf) large, chalky, rigid; 8 arms and 2 retractile tentacles. tentacular club 2 rows stalk 4 rows hectocotylus pocket striations funnel mantle fin outer cone inner cone spine (or rostrum) ventral view dorsal view spine ventral view diagram of basic cuttlefish features OCTOPUSES (Octopoda) Internal shell reduced or absent; 8 arms, no tentacles. mantle length head dorsal mantle arms web eye suckers ligula length hectocotylus ligula outer gill funnel lamellae (internal) aperture ventral suckers total length diagram of hectocotylus diagram of basic octopus features (lateral view) showing ligula measurement 195 CEPHALOPODS SEPIOIDEA - CUTTLEFISHES Sepion (internal shell) large, chalky, rigid; 8 arms and 2 retractile tentacles. anterior limit SEPIIDAE of striations Sepia bertheloti Orbigny, 1838 FAO names : En - African cuttlefish ; Fr - Seiche africaine; Sp - Jibia africana. Size : females 13 cm, males 17.5 cm (mantle length). Fishing gear : bottom trawls. elongate tubercles Habitat : benthic; captured from 20 to 140 m depth. Loc.name(s) : cuttlebone round, light- 8 rows of coloured suckers of patches about equal size mottled dark and light tentacular club dorsal view Sepia elegans Blainville, 1827 FAO names : En - Elegant cuttlefish; Fr - Seiche élégante; Sp - Castaño. Size : 9 cm (mantle length). Fishing gear : bottom trawls. Habitat : demersal, from 30 to 430 m depth; spawns in shallow inshore waters throughout the year. cuttlebone Loc.name(s) : 8 rows of suckers 3 large suckers colour spotted dorsal view tentacular club 196 CEPHALOPODS SEPIIDAE 8 rows of suckers of about equal size Sepia elobyana Adam, 1941 FAO names : En - Guinean cuttlefish; Fr - Seiche de Guinée; Sp -Sepia guineana. Size : 6 cm (mantle length). Fishing gear : probably taken as bycatch in bottom trawls, together with other cuttlefish. Habitat : unknown. Loc.name(s) : tentacular club reticulate pattern of ridges dorsal view 5 or 6 rows of suckers median suckers moderately larger swimming keel not beyond base of club Sepia officinalis hierredda Rong, 1837 tentacular dub FAO names : En - Common cuttlefish; Fr - Seiche commune; Sp - jibia. Size : 40 cm mantle length, 3.5 kg. Fishing gear : bottom trawls; artisanal gear (spears, pots, traps), often with the use of light. Habitat : demersal, on sandy to muddy bottoms, from the surface to 200 m depth. Loc.name(s) : dorsal view spine (character of the genus) cuttlebone colour marbled: black bands on light background 197 CEPHALOPODS SEPIIDAE Sepia orbignyana Ferussac, 1826 strong, FAO names : En - Pink cuttlefish; Fr - Seiche rosée; prominent Sp - Jibia rosada. spine Size : 12 cm (mantle length). Fishing gear : bottom trawls. Habitat : coastal, from 50 to 450 m depth. cuttlebone Loc.name(s) : 3 large median suckers colour mottled 5 rows of suckers swimming keel dorsal view beyond base of club tentacular club Sepiella ornata (Rang, 1837) Synonyms : Sepia ornata Rang, 1837. no spine (character of FAO names : En - Ornate cuttlefish; Fr - Sepia the genus) ornée; Sp - Sepita manchada. Size : 10 cm (mantle length). cuttlebone Fishing gear : bottom trawls (bycatch). series of Habitat : demersal, ranging from 20 to 150 m lightly depth. coloured spots Loc.name(s) : colour marbled glandular pore ventral view of mantle and fins position of gland dorsal view 198 BONY FISHES SEPIOLIDAE all arms, except fourth pair united by a web Heteroteutis dispar (Rüppell, 1845) FAO names : En - Odd bobtail; Fr - Sépiole différente; Sp - Globito aberante. Size: 2 cm. Fishing gear : pelagic trawls (bycatch). Habitat : exact information not available. Loc.name(s) : dorsal view ventral view only third and fourth pairs united by a web Neorossia caroli (Joubin, 1902) Synonyms : Rossia caroli Joubin, 1902. FAO names : En - Carol bobtail; Fr - Sépiole carolette; Sp - Globito carolino. Size : 5.5 cm. Fishing gear : bottom trawls. Habitat : demersal, from 300 to 1000 m depth. Loc.name(s) : dorsal view 199 CEPHALOPODS TEUTHOIDEA - SQUIDS Gladius (or internal shell) chitinous, flexible, pen-shaped; 8 arms and 2 non-retractile tentacles. LOLIGINIDAE buccal lappet without suckers Alloteuthis africana Adam, 1950 FAO names : En - African squid; Fr - Casseron africain; Sp - Calamarín africano. Size : males 19 cm, females 9 cm (mantle length). Fishing gear : trawls (bycatch). Habitat : continental shelf; spawning on the schematic view of oral side bottom. showing bases of arms and Loc.name(s) : buccal membrane body ending in a long tail, gladius long female dorsal view male dorsal view buccal lappet with suckers Loligo vulgaris Lamarck, 1798 FAO names : En - European squid; Fr - Encornet; Sp - Calamar. Size : males 42 cm, females 32 cm schematic view of oral side showing bases of arms and (mantle length). buccal membrane Fishing gear : bottom trawls. Habitat : benthopelagic, between 20 and 250 m depth, migrating toward the coast for spawning. Loc.name(s) : lateral fins lozangic ventral view of mantle dorsal view 200 CEPHALOPODS LOLIGINIDAE Lolliguncula mercatoris Adam, 1941 buccal lappets FAO names : En - Guinean thumbstall; Fr - Calmar without suckers doigtier de Guinée; Sp - Calamar dedal de Guinea. Size : males 3.5 cm, females 5 cm (mantle length). Fishing gear : bottom trawls. Habitat : coastal waters, on sandy and muddy bottoms, at less than 50 m depth. Loc.name(s) : fins terminal, ellyptic OMMASTREPHIDAE funnel groove smooth (without foveola) 8 rows of suckers Illex coindetii (Verany, 1837) funnel FAO names : En - Shortfin squid; Fr - Encornet mantle rouge; Sp - Pota voladora. funnel- Size : males 22 cm, females 26 cm (mantle locking cartilage length). Fishing gear: bottom trawls. ventral view of head Habitat : mostly on sandy bottoms in coastal waters, but may also descend to 1000 m depth. Loc.name(s) : distal end of tentacular club funnel-locking ┴ - shaped (family character) female (dorsal view) next page.
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