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CHINA February 1963–1966 Part 1: Political, Governmental, and National Defense Affairs

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CHINA February 1963–1966 Part 1: Political, Governmental, and National Defense Affairs A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files CHINA February 1963–1966 Part 1: Political, Governmental, and National Defense Affairs A UPA Collection from Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files CHINA February 1963–1966 PART 1: POLITICAL, GOVERNMENTAL, AND NATIONAL DEFENSE AFFAIRS Subject-Numeric Categories: AID, CSM, DEF, and POL Project Coordinator Robert E. Lester Guide compiled by Justin Owen Short A UPA Collection from 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Confidential U.S. State Department central files. China, February 1963–1966 [microform] : subject-numeric categories: AID, CSM, DEF, and POL / project coordinator, Robert E. Lester. microfilm reels. Accompanied by a printed guide compiled by Justin Owen Short. Contents: pt. 1. Political, governmental, and national defense affairs ISBN 1-55655-838-4 (pt. 1) 1. China—Politics and government—1949–1976—Sources. 2. China—Economic conditions—1949–1976—Sources. 3. China—Foreign relations—United States. 4. United States—Foreign relations—China. 5. China—Foreign relations—1949–1976—Sources. 6. United States. Dept. of State—Archives. I. Title: Confidential US State Department central files. China, February 1963–1966. II. Title: China, February 1963–1966. III. Lester, Robert. IV. Short, Justin Owen. V. United States. Dept. of State. VI. University Publications of America (Firm) DS777.55 327.73051'09'46—dc22 2004048275 CIP The documents reproduced in this publication are among the records of the U.S. Department of State in the custody of the National Archives of the United States. No copyright is claimed in these official records. Copyright © 2004 LexisNexis Academic & Library Solutions, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-838-4. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Scope and Content Note ......................................................................................................... v Source Note............................................................................................................................. ix Editorial Note .......................................................................................................................... ix State Department Records Classification System, February 1963–July 1973 ..................... xi Subject File Outlines (with Secondary File Designations) .............................................. xvii Country Abbreviations ....................................................................................................... xix Sample Reel Index Entries ..................................................................................................... xxix Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... xxxi Reel Index Reels 1–2 Economic Assistance (AID) ............................................................................................. 1 Reel 3 Economic Assistance (AID) cont. .................................................................................... 9 Communism (CSM) .......................................................................................................... 10 Reel 4 Communism (CSM) cont. ................................................................................................. 12 Reel 5 Communism (CSM) cont. ................................................................................................. 13 Defense Affairs (DEF) ...................................................................................................... 14 Reels 6–9 Defense Affairs (DEF) cont. ............................................................................................. 17 Reel 10 Defense Affairs (DEF) cont. ............................................................................................. 27 Intelligence (INT) ..............................................................................................................28 Political Affairs and Relations (POL) ................................................................................ 28 Reels 11–38 Political Affairs and Relations (POL) cont. ....................................................................... 30 Reel 39 Political Affairs and Relations (POL) cont. ....................................................................... 111 Strategic Trade Control (STR) .......................................................................................... 112 Reel 40 Strategic Trade Control (STR) cont. ................................................................................. 116 iii Reel 41 Strategic Trade Control (STR) cont. ................................................................................. 119 Strategic Trade Control (STR) cont. ................................................................................. 122 Political Affairs and Relations (POL) cont. ....................................................................... 122 Subject Index .......................................................................................................................... 125 iv SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE The U.S. State Department Central Files are the definitive source of American diplomatic reporting on political, military, social, and economic developments throughout the world in the twentieth century. This edition consists of the Central Files for both the Republic of China (Nationalist China) and the People’s Republic of China (Communist China) for the period between February 1963 and 1966. The files are arranged according to the State Department Records Classification System, February 1963–1973. The subjects from the classification system included in this edition are AID (Foreign Economic Assistance), CSM (Communism), DEF (Defense Affairs), INT (Intelligence), POL (Political Affairs and Relations), and STR (Strategic Trade Control). The files consist of cables and letters sent and received by U.S. diplomats and embassy personnel; reports on meetings between U.S. and foreign government officials and leaders; newspaper clippings and translations from journals and newspapers; transcripts of speeches; and reports and observations on political, military, and social affairs. This edition of Central Files for China begins with a brief series of items from the AID category. These files predominantly consist of correspondence and other items pertaining to economic assistance from Nationalist China to and from other countries. From these documents, one can both measure the extent of U.S. economic and technical aid to Nationalist China and chart the economic diplomacy of Chiang Kai-shek’s government as it competed for the support and recognition of third world countries in Africa and Asia. The CSM file pertains to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), which in the mid-1960s was embroiled in an enormous dispute with its Russian counterpart, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). As the organs of the world’s two largest Communist parties traded fierce polemics, the rest of the international community watched closely. The file provides a window into the schism by offering the opinions, reports, and speeches of both participants in and monitors of the conflict. Other materials on the Sino-Soviet rift and the workings of the CCP can be found in the POL category. The DEF category includes documentation of military assistance from both Nationalist China and Communist China to other nations; details of America’s military relationship with Nationalist China, including information on the negotiations of the Status of Forces Agreement; and reports on Nationalist China’s readiness to achieve its goal of recovering the mainland. The v section’s most prominent topic, however, is the development of nuclear weapons by Communist China. As speculation about China’s nuclear capability became reality, U.S. government officials scrambled to determine what consequences Communist China’s first nuclear tests would have on international affairs. The heavy concentration of communiqués around the dates of the tests reveals a broad assortment of international reaction, with many countries expressing grave concern but a quieter minority expressing satisfaction that a non-Western country had joined the nuclear powers. Materials in the INT category include observations on Communist China by travelers, lists of Chinese publications, and reports on the health and behavior of Mao Tse-tung. POL is the largest category in this edition and offers a wealth of information on the foreign affairs and domestic political situations of both Nationalist China and Communist China. Communist China’s ideological dispute with the Soviet Union was coupled with major border disagreements with another of its neighbors, India, and the collection offers a voluminous series of diplomatic protest notes exchanged between the two countries over alleged border incidents and violations. Documented also is the international reaction to France’s recognition of Communist China in January of 1964, which not only sent shock waves throughout the African and Asian worlds but also increased the pressure on America’s politicians to justify their own policy of isolating a nation that contained a quarter of the world’s population. Transcripts of ambassadorial talks between the United States and Communist China in Warsaw reveal more information on the relationship between the two powers; central to these contentious debates was often the topic
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