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— Chiang Kai-Shek and His Time New Historical and Historiographical Sinica venetiana 4 — Chiang Kai-shek and His Time New Historical SAMARANI DE GIORGI, and Historiographical Perspectives edited by Laura De Giorgi and Guido Samarani Edizioni Ca’Foscari Chiang Kai-shek and His Time Sinica venetiana Collana diretta da Tiziana Lippiello, Chen Yuehong 陈跃红 4 Edizioni Ca’Foscari Sinica venetiana La collana «Sinica venetiana» è dedicata agli studi sulla Cina antica, moderna e contemporanea. Essa raccoglie mono- grafie ed edizioni critiche di testi relativi alla cultura, storia, arte, economia, politica, relazioni internazionali, ambiente, avvalendosi di un approccio interdisciplinare. I volumi della collana interesseranno di volta in volta tematiche di ricerca diverse: dalla letteratura alla storia, dagli aspetti socio-culturali ed economici a quelli politici ed ambientali della società cinese in una prospettiva non limitata ai singoli settori. The series «Sinica venetiana» deals with disciplines related to China, from ancient to contemporary times. The volumes will collect articles on various fields of research, from literature to art and history, from socio-cultural and economic aspects to politics, international relations and environmental issues, with an interdisciplinary approach. Direzione scientifica | Scientific editors Tiziana Lippiello (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Chen Yuehong (Peking University, China) Comitato scientifico | Scientific committee Chen Hongmin (Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China) Sean Golden (UAB Barcelona, España) Roger Greatrex (Lun- ds Universitet, Sverige) Jin Yongbing (Peking University, China) Olga Lomova (Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Cˇeská Republika) Burchard Mansvelt Beck (Universiteit Leiden, Nederland) Michael Puett (Harvard University, Cambridge, USA) Mario Sabattini (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Tan Tian Yuan (SOAS, London, UK) Hans van Ess (LMU, München, Deutschland) Giuseppe Vignato (Peking University, China) Wang Keping (CASS, Beijing, China) Yamada Tatsuo (Keio University, Tokyo, Japan) Yang Zhu (Peking University, China) Comitato editoriale | Editorial board Magda Abbiati (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Attilio Andreini (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Giu- lia Baccini (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Bianca Basciano (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Daniele Beltrame (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Daniele Brombal (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Alfredo Cadonna (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Renzo Cavalieri (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Marco Ceresa (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Laura De Giorgi (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Franco Gatti (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Federico Greselin (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Tiziana Lippiello (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Paolo Magagnin (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Tobia Maschio (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Federica Passi (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Nicoletta Pesaro (Università Ca’ Foscari Vene- zia, Italia) Elena Pollacchi (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Sabrina Rastelli (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Guido Samarani (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Direzione e redazione | Head office Dipartimento di Studi sull’Asia e sull’Africa Mediterranea Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia Palazzo Vendramin dei Carmini Dorsoduro 3462 30123 Venezia Italia http://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/it/edizioni/collane/sinica-venetiana/ Chiang Kai-shek and His Time New Historical and Historiographical Perspectives edited by Laura De Giorgi and Guido Samarani Venezia Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing 2017 Chiang Kai-shek and His Time: New Historical and Historiographical Perspectives Laura De Giorgi and Guido Samarani (edited by) © 2017 Laura De Giorgi, Guido Samarani for the text © 2017 Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing for the present edition Qualunque parte di questa pubblicazione può essere riprodotta, memorizzata in un sistema di recupero dati o trasmessa in qualsiasi forma o con qualsiasi mezzo, elettronico o mecca- nico, senza autorizzazione, a condizione che se ne citi la fonte. Any part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission provided that the source is fully credited. Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia Dorsoduro 3859/A 30123 Venezia http://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/ [email protected] 1a edizione febbraio 2017 | 1st edition February 2017 ISBN 978-88-6969-126-3 [ebook] ISBN 978-88-6969-127-0 [print] Immagine di copertina: Federico Greselin Chiang Kai-shek and His Time: New Historical and Historiographical Perspectives / Laura De Giorgi and Guido Samarani (edited by) — 1. ed. — Venezia: Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Pu- blishing, 2017. — 192 p.; 23 cm. — (Sinica venetiana; 4). — ISBN 978-88-6969-127-0. http://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/it/edizioni/libri/978-88-6969-127-0/ DOI 10.14277/978-88-6969-126-3 Chiang Kai-shek and His Time New Historical and Historiographical Perspectives edited by Laura De Giorgi and Guido Samarani Contents Foreword Laura De Giorgi, Guido Samarani 7 Chiang Kai-shek’s Study in Japan in His Memories Tatsuo Yamada 13 Chiang Kai-shek and the Japanese Ichigo Offensive, 1944 Yung-fa Chen 37 The Relationship Between Chiang Kai-shek and Chen Cheng in Taiwan as Appears from Chen Cheng’s Diary Hongmin Chen 75 Chiang Kai-shek’s Diplomats Abroad Ambassador Fu Bingchang’s Perspective at the First United Nations Peace Conference in 1946 with Reference to the ‘Iran Crisis’ Yee-Wah Foo 103 Difficult Years: Italy’s Policy Towards Chiang Kai-shek’s China, 1945-49 Guido Samarani 117 Revolution Deconstructed: Chiang Kai-shek and the Northern Expedition in the Japanese Press, 1926-28 Andrea Revelant 127 The Alter Ego of China Westernized Chinese Intellectuals and the Building of Chiang Kai-shek’s Image in Wartime West Laura De Giorgi 171 Chiang Kai-shek and His Time New Historical and Historiographical Perspectives edited by Laura De Giorgi and Guido Samarani Foreword Laura De Giorgi, Guido Samarani (Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Italy) The essays collected in this book were originally presented at the interna- tional workshop Chiang Kai-shek and His Time. New Historical and Hiss- toriographical Perspectives, held at the Department of Asian and African Studies of Ca’ Foscari University of Venice on October 18th, 2013. The workshop was jointly funded by the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of China at Taiwan (Taiwan Spotlight Project) and Ca’ Foscari University. It gathered scholars from Europe, Mainland China, Taiwan and Japan, and the scope was to offer an opportunity for debate and reflection among historians of different scholarly and intellectual backgrounds on one of the most important protagonists of twentieth century history. It is true that there are quite a number of studies of Chiang Kai- shek as one of the most controversial and elusive figures of Chinese contemporary history (for an introduction to historiography on Chi- ang see Taylor 2015). Nevertheless, for a long time this field of study was more or less frozen by political and ideological prejudice (Taylor, Huang 2012). Cold War alignments affected historical judgement of Chiang and his contribution. In mainland China and in Taiwan he had been considered as either the worst of villains or the anti-Communist pa- triotic champion, since along both sides of the Taiwan Straits scholarly work on him reflected – and partially still does – the influence politics and ideology can bring to bear on historical studies. These positions were also echoed in Western historiography. Western studies concerning Chiang have been affected by several assumptions following on from the victory of the Communist Party in 1949. In most cases, where the Communist victory is considered as the necessary outcome of the social and economic structural dynamics at play in China since the late nine- teenth century, Chiang has often been seen mainly as an authoritarian, incapable military dictator at the head of a weak, corrupt government, doomed to defeat. Moreover, scholarly perspectives on his political and military capaci- ties have also been affected by sources’ bias, not only in China but also in the West. The most well-known example is the influence on the historical evaluations of Chiang of General Stilwell’s negative opinion regarding Sinica venetiana 4 DOI 10.14277/6969-126-3/SV-4-0 ISBN [ebook] 978-88-6969-126-3 | ISBN [print] 978-88-6969-127-0 | © 2017 7 Chiang Kai-shek and His Time, 7-12 the Chinese leader’s political and military capacities, as highlighted by Stilwell’s writings on his experience with Chiang in Chongqing during the second world war. This state of things is gradually changing. In the last ten years, the study of Chiang Kai-shek has flourished, producing a better understanding and a more nuanced assessment of his personality and role. A reflection on recent scholarly production of Chiang is beyond the scope of this introduc- tion (for a critical overview see Huang 2011; Taylor, Huang 2012), but it is worth reminding the reader that reassessment of Chiang Kai-shek has also been the consequence of broader shifts in the historiography of twentieth century China in the post Cold War era. Historical revisionism of Chiang has benefited from the appreciation of the importance of the Republican era in the understanding of twentieth- century China as well as of the development of new studies on post-1949 Taiwan. The issues
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