Roskilde Universitet Standardforside Til Projekter Og Specialer
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Roskilde Universitet Institut for Samfundsvidenskab og Erhverv Standardforside til projekter og specialer Til obligatorisk brug på alle kandidatprojekter og specialer på: Internationale udviklingsstudier Global Studies Erasmus Mundus, Global Studies – A European Perspective Politik og Administration Socialvidenskab EU-studies Forvaltning (scient.adm) Virksomhedsstudier Virksomhedsledelse Projekt- eller specialetitel: Asyl- og udlændingeområdet i undtagelsestilstand? Projektseminar/værkstedsseminar: Udarbejdet af (Navn(e) og studienr.): Projektets art: Modul: Mette Julie Juhl 42496 Speciale K2 Nathalie Ida Fretté Schönenberg 40159 Speciale K2 Vejleders navn: Torben Bech Dyrberg Afleveringsdato: 23/06-2016 Antal anslag inkl. mellemrum: 238.719 Tilladte antal anslag inkl. mellemrum: 240.000 Asyl- og udlændingeområdet i undtagelsestilstand? Et speciale i Socialvidenskab, Roskilde Universitet Forår 2016 Skrevet af: Vejleder: Mette Julie Juhl (42496) Torben Bech Dyrberg Nathalie Ida Fretté Schönenberg (40159) Abstract This thesis examines how the state of exception formulated by Giorgio Agamben can be seen in the asylum- and immigration area in Denmark. The thesis unfolds and analyses a series of laws on the asylum and immigration area to show how the state of exception can be seen in this specific legal/juridical area. Further, the thesis examines if the analysed laws are in conflict with The European Convention on Human Rights and The UN Refugee Convention using Agamben and Hannah Arendt’s theories of the refugee. Last but not least the thesis discusses how and if the refugee can be seen as a limit conception that makes it possible to rethink the political categories that we have today. The discussion will focus on Arendt’s rewriting of the human rights and Agamben’s concept of a ‘new politic’ which will be discussed and conceptualised by the involvement of other theorists and philosophers such as Slavoj Žižek. The study employs the methodological techniques of the genealogical method. With inspiration from the genealogical method the thesis focuses on laws and a wide collection of documents relevant to the thesis issue. The study shows that the legislation on asylum and immigration area points to a tendency that this area of law can be said to be in a state of permanent exception. It further concludes, that even though it is difficult to assess whether or not a law violates the conventions, our empiricisms tend to point to the conclusion that the laws are in conflict with the conventions which can be interpreted as violating them. This leads the thesis to discuss Arendt and Agamben’s rewriting of the human rights and the formulation of a ‘new politic’. The thesis identifies some practical problems with both Agamben and Arendt’s ‘solutions’, but none the less the discussion points to the conclusion that their solutions are worth to be taken into consideration, because there seems to be a need to rethink the political organisation we have today to be able to solve the refugee crises. Opdeling af speciale grundet skriftlig bedømmelsesform: Fælles: Abstract, Indledning, Problemformulering, Delkonklusion i begge analysedele, Diskussion og Konklusion Mette: Metode: Brugen af Agamben, Videnskabsteoretiske overvejelser, Diskussion. Teoridel 1: Undtagelsestilstandens oprindelse, Undtagelsen som tærskel mellem faktum og ret, Homo sacer, Lejren. Analysedel 1: Tuneserloven, Hastebehandling af asylstramninger, Asylcentret som lejr?. Teoridel 2: Flygtningen, De statsløse, Det nøgne menneske som trussel. Analysedel 2: På ubestemt tid, Smykkeloven. Nathalie: Metode: Brugen af Arendt, Specialets empiriske afsæt. Teoridel 1: Biopolitik, Den inklusive eksklusion, Undtagelsestilstandens permanens, Suverænen. Analysedel 1: Udlændingelovens §45b, L87, Det suveræne politi. Teoridel 2: Menneskerettigheder, Menneske og ret. Analysedel 2: Suspendering af domstolsprøvelse, 3-årsreglen. Side | 1 Indholdsfortegnelse 1. Indledning .................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Problemformulering ..................................................................................................................... 9 3. Metode ....................................................................................................................................... 11 3.1 Brugen af Agamben .................................................................................................................. 11 3.1.1 Agambens genealogiske metode ...................................................................................... 13 3.1.2 Uskelnelighedszoner ......................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Brugen af Arendt ...................................................................................................................... 15 3.2.1 Statsløse ............................................................................................................................ 17 3.3 Videnskabsteoretiske overvejelser .......................................................................................... 18 3.4 Specialets empiriske afsæt .................................................................................................. 19 3.5 Diskussion ................................................................................................................................. 21 4. Teoridel 1 – Undtagelsestilstand ............................................................................................... 23 4.1 Biopolitik .............................................................................................................................. 23 4.2 Undtagelsestilstandens oprindelse .......................................................................................... 24 4.3 Den inklusive eksklusion .......................................................................................................... 27 4.4 Undtagelsen som tærskel mellem faktum og ret .................................................................... 28 4.5 Undtagelsestilstandens permanens i en dansk kontekst ........................................................ 29 4.6 Homo sacer .............................................................................................................................. 30 4.7 Suverænen ............................................................................................................................... 32 4.8 Lejren ........................................................................................................................................ 33 5. Analysedel 1 ............................................................................................................................... 35 5.1 Udlændingelovens §45b .......................................................................................................... 35 Side | 2 5.1.1 Den schmittianske drejning .............................................................................................. 36 5.1.2 Permanent nødret ............................................................................................................. 37 5.1.3 Man er altid på tærsklen ................................................................................................... 39 5.1.4 Slim Chafras dom .............................................................................................................. 39 5.2 Tuneserloven ............................................................................................................................ 42 5.2.1 Frihedsberøvelse ............................................................................................................... 43 5.2.2 Elias Karkavandis dom ....................................................................................................... 44 5.3 Hastebehandling af asylstramninger ....................................................................................... 45 5.3.1 Manglende solnedgangsklausul ........................................................................................ 47 5.3.2 Hjemmel i nødsituation..................................................................................................... 48 5.3.3 Retssamfundet smuldrer .................................................................................................. 49 5.4 L87 ............................................................................................................................................ 50 5.4.1 Familiesammenføringsændringen som undtagelse ......................................................... 51 5.5 Det suveræne politi .................................................................................................................. 52 5.5.1 Den udøvende og lovgivende magts uskelnelighed ......................................................... 53 5.6 Asylcentret som lejr? ............................................................................................................... 54 5.6.1 Center Sandholms udrejseafdeling ................................................................................... 54 5.6.2 Næstved asylcenter........................................................................................................... 55 5.7 Delkonklusion ........................................................................................................................... 57 6. Teoridel 2 – Flygtningen