Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan STANFORD TRAVEL/STUDY Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan THE CAUCASUS AT A CROSSROADS September 8 to 24, 2012 a program of the stanford alumni association STANFORD TRAVEL/STUDY Once united under a Soviet banner, Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan are countries with wildly distinct cultures, languages, religions and peoples. And, while today’s traveler may consider them off the beaten tourist track, historically these societies were at the crossroads of civilizations from ancient times to the Cold War. Join us as we explore the physical beauty of the Caucasus; the richness of each country’s literary, musical and artistic heritage; the political significance of each nation’s particular relationship with Russia and Turkey (and hence with the U.S. and nations of the Middle East); and the importance of the region’s natural resources to the global economy. Come discover these fascinating lands with us. Brett S. THOMpson, ’83, Director, Stanford Travel/Study cover: ananUri Fortress, Georgia Highlights MARVEL at the Greco- DISCOVER the unique EXPLORE the narrow Roman temple of Garni and delicious Georgian lanes and picturesque that stands incongruously cuisine and learn about the courtyards of Baku’s amid the medieval Christian extensive drinking rituals Old City—a World churches dotting the that take place at nearly Heritage site. Armenian countryside. every big Georgian meal. BAKU, AZERBAIJAN C a u c a c u R USSIA G EORGIA s M Telavi o u Caspian Tbilisi n t a Sea i n s Sheki A RMENIA A ZERBAIJAN Baku Yerevan Lake Sevan Mt. Ararat choir performance there. Enjoy Friday, SEPTEMBER 14 a private champagne reception RIYA TAZA / HAGHPAT / Itinerary at the Parajanov Museum. TBILISI, GEORGIA On our journey to Georgia, stop ARMENIA MARRIOTT HOTEL (B,L) en route in the Kurdish village Saturday & Sunday, SEPTEMBER 8 & 9 Wednesday, SEPTEMBER 12 of Riya Taza. After an al fresco DEPART U.S. / YEREVAN / ECHMIADZIN lunch, continue through vast pine YEREVAN, ARMENIA Visit the sobering Armenian forests to the monastic complex at Depart the U.S. on overnight Genocide Museum Institute and Haghpat, a 10th-century complex flights, arriving on Sunday in explore the Tsitsernakaberd that boasts some of the best- Yerevan. Upon arrival, transfer to Memorial Complex dedicated preserved examples of Armenian our hotel. ARMENIA MARRIOTT HOTEL to the memory of the 1.5 million architecture as well as beautiful Armenians who perished in the frescoes and stone manuscripts. Monday, SEPTEMBER 10 first genocide of the 20th century. Cross the border into Georgia, YEREVAN Attend a briefing at a local arriving in Tbilisi this evening. Today explore Armenia’s lovely foundation working to promote RADISSON IVERIA HOTEL (B,L,D) capital city, including the nearly social justice and democratic 3,000-year-old ruins of Erebuni, values. Drive to Echmiadzin to Saturday, SEPTEMBER 15 an ancient fortress city from which visit the residence of the Supreme TBILISI present-day Yerevan takes its Catholicos, leader of the Armenian Explore Georgia’s picturesque name. Continue to the Armenia Apostolic Church, and tour capital today. Visit Metekhi History Museum, then visit the the cathedral’s small museum. Church located high atop a cliff Matenadaran, a repository of overlooking the Old Town, then ARMENIA MARRIOTT HOTEL (B,L,D) ancient manuscripts housing over tour the Museum of Georgian 60,000 documents. End the day Thursday, SEPTEMBER 13 Art whose treasury includes the with a stroll through Vernissage, KHOR VIRAP / oldest example of Georgian icon Yerevan’s popular open-air market. NORAVANK / YEREVAN painting. Visit Sioni Cathedral and ARMENIA MARRIOTT HOTEL (B,L,D) Drive to the monastery complex of Caravanserai, home to Georgia’s Khor Virap where St. Gregory was holiest relic: a cross of vine stems Tuesday, SEPTEMBER 11 imprisoned in an underground cell and hair said to have been woven GARNI / YEREVAN for 12 years before succeeding in by St. Nino who brought Christianity This morning drive to Garni, one of making Armenia the first country to Georgia in the 4th century. Armenia’s oldest settlements and to accept Christianity as its state Explore the atmospheric bathhouse home to a magnificent Hellenistic- religion. Marvel at the stunning district and end the afternoon with style pagan temple used as a views of Mt. Ararat, then drive to a briefing at the U.S. Embassy. This royal residence after Armenia’s the Noravank Monastery whose evening discover Georgia’s tasty, conversion to Christianity. Continue 14th-century Surb Astvatsatsin unique cuisine at a traditional to Geghard Monastery, famous Church is the masterpiece of dinner. RADISSON IVERIA HOTEL (B,L,D) for its khatchkars—unique stone renowned architect and sculptor, crosses that are a symbol of Momik. Enjoy a picnic lunch on Sunday, SEPTEMBER 16 Armenian religion and culture— the grounds of Noravank before MTSKHETA / GORI / TBILISI and attend a specially arranged returning to Yerevan. ARMENIA After a morning meeting with a local MARRIOTT HOTEL (B,L,D) civil rights NGO, drive to Georgia’s C a u c a c u R USSIA G EORGIA s M Telavi o u Caspian Tbilisi n t a Sea i n s Sheki A RMENIA A ZERBAIJAN Baku Yerevan Lake Sevan Mt. Ararat TBILISI, GEORGIA “spiritual capital,” the charming town Wednesday, SEPTEMBER 19 Saturday, SEPTEMBER 22 of Mtskheta. Visit the Cathedral of TELAVI BAKU Sveti-Tskoveli and Jvari Monastery, Spend the day exploring the Visit the somber Martyrs Lane, a built at the end of the 6th century. region, beginning with the stunning memorial to those killed during the Continue to Gori, birthplace of silver-domed Alaverdi Cathedral, fight for Azerbaijani independence Stalin, and visit the Stalin Museum Georgia’s largest church. Drive to in 1990 and later in the Nagorno- that includes the house in which the fortress complex of Kvetara Karabakh War. After a walking the dictator was born. Return to that was built by a local Kakhetian tour through the Old City of Tbilisi and enjoy an evening at prince in the 10th century. Return to Baku, a World Heritage site, view leisure. RADISSON IVERIA HOTEL (B,L) Telavi where we explore Herekle’s displays of carpets at the State Palace, an 18th-century castle Museum of Azerbaijan Carpets Monday, SEPTEMBER 17 enclosure with a distinctly Persian and Applied Art. Explore the ANANURI / TBILISI architectural flavor. Rcheuli Marani extensive courtyards and buildings Drive along the Georgian Military Hotel (B,L,D) of the 15th-century Palace of Highway, an ancient strategic the Shirvanshahs followed by route through the Greater Caucasus Thursday, SEPTEMBER 20 a briefing at the U.S. Embassy. that the Russian military turned TELAVI / SHEKI, HYATT REGENCY BAKU (B,L) into a modern road in the 19th AZERBAIJAN Drive past the ruins of watchtowers century to help control its newly Sunday, SEPTEMBER 23 and customs houses along an conquered territory. Stop at Ananuri, BAKU important ancient trade route a superb 16th-century fortress with Visit bizarre Yanar Dag, a natural across the border into Azerbaijan. massive walls and defensive towers. gas fire that has blazed continuously Arrive in the city of Sheki and visit Return to Tbilisi and spend this since it was accidentally ignited its summer palace and riverside evening sampling more delectable by a shepherd in 1950. Tour the fortress with Venetian stained- Georgian cuisine independently. National Museum of Fine Arts and glass windows. Spend the night RADISSON IVERIA HOTEL (B,L) the Historical Museum housed in a former caravanserai, a relic of in two of the wonderfully eclectic Sheki’s large silk industry. sheKI Tuesday, SEPTEMBER 18 mansions built for 19th-century GURJAANI / TELAVI saray HOTEL (B,L,D) oil barons when Azerbaijan Enjoy a scenic drive to the province supplied more than half of the of Kakheti, stopping en route at Friday, SEPTEMBER 21 world’s oil. Enjoy an optional visit SHEMAKHA / BAKU the Ninotsminda Cathedral where to the prehistoric petroglyphs at Depart early this morning for Baku, we meet with the resident nuns. Gobustan. Gather for a special stopping first at Shemakha, a Continue to the village of Gurjaani farewell reception and dinner this major trading center and former for a specially arranged lunch at a evening. HYATT REGENCY BAKU (B,L,D) capital of the Shirvanshahs. local home. Enjoy a wine-tasting Among the surviving buildings are at Tsinandali Winery whose oldest- Monday, SEPTEMBER 24 a 10th-century mosque and a royal surviving bottle dates from 1814. BAKU / U.S. mausoleum. Arrive in Baku early Continue to the city of Telavi and Check out of our hotel this morning this evening and check in to our check in to our hotel. Rcheuli and transfer to the airport for return hotel. HYATT REGENCY BAKU (B,L,D) Marani Hotel (B,L,D) flights to the U.S. (B) GARNI, ARMENIA YANAR DAG, AZERBAIJAN WHAT TO EXPECT We consider this program to be physically Information demanding and strenuous, suitable for travelers in excellent health with greater-than-average D ATES stamina and an enthusiasm for adventurous travel September 8 to 24, 2012 (17 days) experiences. This program involves a great deal of travel in areas with a developing infrastructure. Daily SIZE activities include one to three miles of walking, often Limited to 34 participants on uneven and rocky terrain. In many instances stairs are unavailable or do not have handrails. Our COST* journey at times requires several hours of travel $8,695 per person, double occupancy by motorcoach, the longest drives being up to 10 $10,375 per person, single occupancy hours. We make occasional rest stops, but often *Association nonmembers add $200 per person toilets are not available and nature’s facilities are more inviting and abundant than those that are INCLUDED manmade.
Recommended publications
  • Trekking Trip in Armenia the Mysterious Mountainous Karabakh and the Highest Peak of the Country – Mount Aragats (4095 M)
    Trekking trip in Armenia The mysterious Mountainous Karabakh and the highest peak of the country – Mount Aragats (4095 m). TRIP DESCRIPTION This trip is one of a kind. Not only will we conquer Armenia’s highest peak, namely Mount Aragats (4095 m), but also spend several days trekking in the most mysterious and inaccessible part of Armenia: in the Republic of Artsakh. Officially, the Mountainous Karabakh is a part emphasis on the mountains, which are wild of Azerbaijan. The inhabitants of the Moun- and untrampled by mass tourism, and simply tainous Karabakh consider it an independent breathtaking! During our stay in Armenia, we country. But despite the fact that the Moun- will also get to know its culture and tradition, tainous Karabakh has its own government, and visit the most beautiful and famous pla- army, flag and foreign representatives, its in- ces: Lake Sevan, the Temple of Garni, the dependence is not recognized by any country Geghard, Khop Virap and Tatev Monasteries, in the world. You can only enter the territory of and the capital of Armenia: Yerevan. During the Republic of Artsakh from Armenia, and the the whole trip, you will be accompanied by Armenians consider Artsakh (this is how they our team: a English-speaking trip leader and call the Mountainous Karabakh) as an insepa- an Armenian certified high mountain guide rable part of their country. The Republic of Art- (also trained in medical rescue in the moun- sakh is a peculiar place. In spite of the official tains), who will be responsible for your safety. ceasefire, the conflict between two nations is It is also important that we are going to help not settled.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report on Cases of Violation of Human Rights by the Police
    HELSINKI CITIZENS ASSEMBLY VANADZOR Annual report on cases of violation of human rights by the Police (Summary of Mass Media Monitoring Results) January-December 2016 NORWEGIAN HELSINKI COMMITTEE Vanadzor, 2017 1 The Report was prepared within the framework of “Raising Effectiveness of Protection of Citizens’ Rights in Relations with the Police” Project. The Project is carried out by the Helsinki Citizen’ Assembly Vanadzor, with the financial support of the Norwegian Helsinki Committee. The views contained in the Report are those of HCA Vanadzor and do not necessarily reflect opinions of the funding organization. Prepared by: Sara Ghazaryan Edited by: Artur Sakunts HCA Vanadzor Armenia, Vanadzor 2001, Tel: (+374 322) 4 22 68 Fax: (+374 322) 4 12 36 Email: [email protected] www.hcav.am 2 RA Law on Approving Disciplinary Code of RA Police Article 10. Rules of Ethics for Police Officers The rules of ethics for police officers shall be binding on police officers both during the performance of their official duties and beyond them Police officers shall be aware of and respect human rights and freedoms, show restraint, polite, adequate and respectful treatment to citizens. Methodology This reference summarizes the cases of human rights violations by the RA Police officers during January-December, 2016. To collect the cases of human rights violations by police officers, the Organization monitored 14 online mass media and the official websites of the RA Special Investigation Service and the RA Police.1 The cases were identified and analyzed based on the information dissemnaited by the mass media, which are responsible for its credibility.
    [Show full text]
  • Georgia, Armenia & Azerbaijan
    Land Program Rate: $6,195 (per person based on double occupancy) Single Supplement: $1,095 Included: All accommodation, hotel taxes • Meals per itinerary (B=breakfast, L=lunch, D=dinner) • Arrival/departure transfers for pas- sengers arriving/departing on scheduled start/ end days • All land transportation per itinerary including private motor coach throughout the itinerary • Internal airfare between Baku and Tbilisi • Study leader and pre-departure education materials • Special cultural events and extensive sightseeing, includ- ing entrance fees • Welcome and farewell dinners • Services of a tour manager throughout the land program • Gratuities to tour manager, guides and drivers • Comprehensive pre-departure packet Not Included: Travel insurance • Round trip airfare between Baku/Yerevan and USA. Our tour operator MIR Corporation can assist with reservations. • Passport and visa fees • Meals not specified as included in the itinerary • Personal items such as telephone calls, alcohol, laun- dry, excess baggage fees Air Arrangements: Program rates do not include international airfare from/to USA. Because there are a number of flight options available, there is no group flight for this program. Informa- tion on a recommended flight itinerary will be sent by our tour operator upon confirmation. What to Expect: This trip is moderately active due to the substantial distances covered and Club of California The Commonwealth St 555 Post CA 94102 San Francisco, the extensive walking and stair climbing required; parts of the tour will not always be wheelchair - accessible. To reap the full rewards of this adventure, travelers must be able to walk at least a mile a day (with or without the assistance of a cane) and stand for an extended period of time during walking tours and museum visits.
    [Show full text]
  • 40 CHURCHES in 7 DAYS 7 DAY TOUR ITINERARY* DAY 1 Meeting
    40 CHURCHES IN 7 DAYS 7 DAY TOUR ITINERARY* DAY 1 Meeting at the airport, transfer to the hotel and check-in. The first steps of your Pilgrimage will start from Katoghike Holy Mother of God and Zoravor Surb Astvatsatsin Churches, both dating back to the XIII century, situated in the centre of Yerevan. To get acquainted with the capital of Armenia, we will have a City Tour in Yerevan - one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and the only one, that has a "Birth Certificate" - a cuneiform inscription, left by King Argishti I on a basalt stone slab about the foundation of the city in 782 BC, displayed at the Erebuni Fortress-Museum. Yerevan is often pegged as the "Pink City" because of the colour of the stones used to build much of the city centre. Another name of Yerevan is an "Open-air Museum", the reason of which you will understand upon your visit. We will start the City tour from visiting Cascade Monument which is about 450 meters high and 50 meters wide. A panoramic view from the top of Cascade opens up a breathtaking city view with Opera House, Mount Ararat, Swan Lake, Republic Square and posh Northern Avenue, along which you will walk down during the tour. We will also visit Matenadaran, which means a "book-depository" in old Armenian. Indeed, Matenadaran is the pride of Armenian culture, the world's largest storage of ancient manuscripts. In fact, it is a scientific research institute of ancient manuscripts which stores more than 17 thousand ancient manuscripts and more than 100 thousand ancient archival documents.
    [Show full text]
  • Legends of Nature
    Legends of Nature Protected Areas of the Southern Caucasus ARMENIA Implemented by: 2 Armenia Arevik Dilijan Khosrov Forest Arevik Dilijan Khosrov Forest National Park National Park State Reserve Sunny Mountains – Arevik Beauty in Harmony with Natural Forces and Royal National Park, embedded in Nature - Armenia’s Little Temples – Visitors to Khosrov the catchment of the rivers Switzerland fascinates Forest State Reserve can Meghri, Shvanidzor and with unequalled Caucasian experience the results of Nrnadzor, is one of the woodlands, flowering nature’s elementary forces on youngest protected areas of highland sceneries, curative the shape of the landscape. Armenia. springs and clear lakes. Page 14 Page 10 Page 12 Lake Arpi Sevan Shikahogh Lake Arpi Sevan Shikahogh National Park National Park State Reserve Beauty on the Border – Open Armenia’s “Blue Pearl” – Treasures of Nature – plains, extensive wetlands, Lake Sevan is one of the Shikahogh is one of the few gentle slopes and ever- largest and highest freshwa- places in Armenia where changing seasonal colours ter lakes in the world and a dense pristine broadleaf make Lake Arpi an ideal paradise for birdwatchers. forests have survived. place for birdwatching and Page 18 Page 20 reflection. Page 16 Zangezur & Plane Grove Cross-border Routes Discover fascinating contrasts of Zangezur & Plane Grove Sanctuaries the Caucasus from ice-capped high mountain peaks to subtropi- Plane Grove and Zangezur sanctuaries are famous for their cal landscapes, continental ancient trees and have the potential to develop some of Armenia’s steppes and dense forests. best scenic trails. Two cross-border routes through Page 22 Armenia and Georgia include highlights of protected areas and cultural monuments in the Lesser and Greater Caucasus.
    [Show full text]
  • THE IMPACT of the ARMENIAN GENOCIDE on the FORMATION of NATIONAL STATEHOOD and POLITICAL IDENTITY “Today Most Armenians Do
    ASHOT ALEKSANYAN THE IMPACT OF THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE ON THE FORMATION OF NATIONAL STATEHOOD AND POLITICAL IDENTITY Key words – Armenian Genocide, pre-genocide, post-genocide, national statehood, Armenian statehood heritage, political identity, civiliarchic elite, civilization, civic culture, Armenian diaspora, Armenian civiliarchy “Today most Armenians do not live in the Republic of Armenia. Indeed, most Armenians have deep ties to the countries where they live. Like a lot of us, many Armenians find themselves balancing their role in their new country with their historical and cultural roots. How far should they assimilate into their new countries? Does Armenian history and culture have something to offer Armenians as they live their lives now? When do historical and cultural memories create self-imposed limits on individuals?”1 Introduction The relevance of this article is determined, on the one hand, the multidimen- sionality of issues related to understanding the role of statehood and the political and legal system in the development of Armenian civilization, civic culture and identity, on the other hand - the negative impact of the long absence of national system of public administration and the devastating impact of the Armenian Genocide of 1915 on the further development of the Armenian statehood and civiliarchy. Armenian Genocide in Ottoman Turkey was the first ever large-scale crime against humanity and human values. Taking advantage of the beginning of World War I, the Turkish authorities have organized mass murder and deportations of Armenians from their historic homeland. Genocide divided the civiliarchy of the Armenian people in three parts: before the genocide (pre-genocide), during the genocide and after the genocide (post-genocide).
    [Show full text]
  • Armenia 2020 June-11-22, 2020 Tour Conductor and Guide: Norayr Daduryan
    Armenia 2020 June-11-22, 2020 Tour conductor and guide: Norayr Daduryan Price ~ $4,000 June 11, Thursday Departure. LAX flight to Armenia. June 12, Friday Arrival. Transport to hotel. June 13, Saturday 09:00 “Barev Yerevan” (Hello Yerevan): Walking tour- Republic Square, the fashionable Northern Avenue, Flower-man ​ ​ statue, Swan Lake, Opera House. 11:00 Statue of Hayk- The epic story of the birth of the Armenian nation 12:00 Garni temple. (77 A.D.) ​ 14:00 Lunch at Sergey’s village house-restaurant. (included) 16:00 Geghard monastery complex and cave churches. (UNESCO World Heritage site.) ​ June 14, Sunday 08:00-09:00 “Vernissage”: open-air market for antiques, Soviet-era artifacts, souvenirs, and more. th 11:00 Amberd castle on Mt. Aragats, 10 ​ c. ​ 13:00 “Armenian Letters” monument in Artashavan. 14:00 Hovhannavank monastery on the edge of Kasagh river gorge, (4th-13th cc.) Mr. Daduryan will retell the Biblical ​ ​ parable of the 10 virgins depicted on the church portal (1250 A.D.) ​ 15:00 Van Ardi vineyard tour with a sunset dinner enjoying fine Italian food. (included) June 15, Monday 08:00 Tsaghkadzor mountain ski lift. th 12:00 Sevanavank monastery on Lake Sevan peninsula (9 ​ century). Boat trip on Lake Sevan. (If weather permits.) ​ ​ ​ ​ 15:00 Lunch in Dilijan. Reimagined Armenian traditional food. (included) 16:00 Charming Dilijan town tour. 18:00 Haghartsin monastery, Dilijan. Mr. Daduryan will sing an acrostic hymn composed in the monastery in 1200’s. June 16, Tuesday 09:00 Equestrian statue of epic hero David of Sassoon. 09:30-11:30 Train- City of Gyumri- Orphanage visit.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline Terms of Reference for Construction Supervision Zugdidi-Jvari-Mestia-Lasdili Road Sections Km 74-80; Km 89 (Road and Tunnel); Km 91-103; Km 121-125
    OUTLINE TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION ZUGDIDI-JVARI-MESTIA-LASDILI ROAD SECTIONS KM 74-80; KM 89 (ROAD AND TUNNEL); KM 91-103; KM 121-125 A. Background and Objective 1. General 1. Georgia is located south of the Caucasus mountain range, with Russia to the north, Armenia and Turkey to the south, Azerbaijan to the east, and the Black Sea to the west. It has a population of 4.5 million. Georgia, due to its geographic location, provides the shortest transit link between Central Asia and Europe. Hence, transport plays a pivotal role in supporting the national economy, and development of the transport sector is vital to increasing economy of the region through reduced transport costs. 2. Objectives 2. The objective is to rehabilitate road infrastructure to improve accessibility and guarantee easy access to Mestia region all year round. Four project sections are located on Zugdidi-Jvari- Mestia-Lasdili Road, which is of national importance and connects Zeda Svaneti Region, Mestia and other villages of the Zugdidi Rayon and on the Tbilisi-Senaki-Leselidze corridor. These rehabilitation road works will play important role in socio-economic and tourist infrastructure development for this region. Rehabilitation and reconstruction works are funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Government of Georgia as part of the Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Project. Overall management and coordination of implementation and supervision will be executed by the Municipal Development Fund of Georgia (MDF). 3. The present terms of reference (TOR) outline scope of work and requirements for the construction supervision of the rehabilitation works for four sections of Zugdidi-Jvari-Mestia- Lasdili road.
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance of the Role of Local Food in Georgian Tourism
    European Scientific Journal December 2015 /SPECIAL/ edition Vol.2 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ROLE OF LOCAL FOOD IN GEORGIAN TOURISM Maia Meladze, Associate Professor Grigol Robakidze University, Tbilisi, Georgia Abstract The top three activities undertaken in Georgia by international travelers are: rest and relaxation (36%), tasting Georgian dishes (35%), exploring Georgian nature/landscape (35%), etc. Gastronomy has become one of the most important parts of a tourism market. Georgia is a unique country – as a homeland of wine and a country which is distinctive for its plenty of ethnographic regions. Each historical-ethnographic region had its own natural and agricultural specificity, which led to the peculiarity of the ethnic group feeding. A great Majority of foreign tourists, who tries Georgian traditional dish for the first time, declares about its best taste and scent at once. Georgia's traditional winemaking method of fermenting grapes in earthenware, egg-shaped vessels has been added to the world heritage list of the UNESCO. Georgian gastronomic diversity is a great resource for tourism development in the country. Friendliness and goodwill of a tourist greatly depends on the dishes and beverages they are offered. Keywords: Georgia, Tourism, Gastronomy, Food, Traditional dishes Introduction For many of the world’s billions of tourists to enjoy tried and tested recipes, cuisine, gastronomy has become a central part of the tourism experience. In addition, tasting local foods has become an important way to enjoy the local culture. Local food at a destination can bring tourists physical, cultural, social and prestige experience. Food and its related tourist activities have been described into a new category of tourism called food tourism in which the motivation for traveling is to obtain special experiences from food.
    [Show full text]
  • Trems of Reference for Pcr Validation
    IN.464-17 20 December 2017 Performance Evaluation Report Municipal Services Development Project and Municipal Services Development Project Phase 2 (Georgia) (Loans 2441 and 2534) The attached report is circulated at the request of the Director General, Independent Evaluation Department. For Inquiries: Walter Kolkma, Independent Evaluation Department (Ext. 4189) Ari Perdana, Independent Evaluation Department (Ext. 1891) Performance Georgia: Municipal Services Evaluation Development Project and Municipal Report Services Development Project Phase 2 Independent Evaluation Raising development impact through evaluation Performance Evaluation Report December 2017 Georgia: Municipal Services Development Project and Municipal Services Development Project Phase 2 This document is being disclosed to the public in accordance with ADB's Public Communications Policy 2011. Reference Number: PPE: GEO 2017-19 Project Numbers: 41198 and 43171 Loan Numbers: 2441-GEO(SF) and 2534-GEO(SF) Independent Evaluation: PE-803 NOTES (i) In this report, “$” refers to US dollars. (ii) For an explanation of rating descriptions used in Asian Development Bank evaluation reports, see ADB. 2006. Guidelines for Preparing Performance Evaluation Reports for Public Sector Operations. Manila Director General Marvin Taylor-Dormond, Independent Evaluation Department (IED) Deputy Director General Veronique Salze-Lozac’h, IED Director Walter Kolkma, Thematic and Country Division, IED Team leader Ari Perdana, Evaluation Specialist, IED Team members Ma. Patricia Lim, Senior Evaluation Officer, IED Jennifer Llaneta, Evaluation Assistant, IED (until October 2017) Christine Grace Marvilla, Evaluation Assistant, IED (from October 2017) The guidelines formally adopted by the Independent Evaluation Department (IED) on avoiding conflict of interest in its independent evaluations were observed in the preparation of this report. To the knowledge of IED management, there were no conflicts of interest of the persons preparing, reviewing, or approving this report.
    [Show full text]
  • EUROPE a Albania • National Historical Museum – Tirana, Albania
    EUROPE A Albania • National Historical Museum – Tirana, Albania o The country's largest museum. It was opened on 28 October 1981 and is 27,000 square meters in size, while 18,000 square meters are available for expositions. The National Historical Museum includes the following pavilions: Pavilion of Antiquity, Pavilion of the Middle Ages, Pavilion of Renaissance, Pavilion of Independence, Pavilion of Iconography, Pavilion of the National Liberation Antifascist War, Pavilion of Communist Terror, and Pavilion of Mother Teresa. • Et'hem Bey Mosque – Tirana, Albania o The Et’hem Bey Mosque is located in the center of the Albanian capital Tirana. Construction was started in 1789 by Molla Bey and it was finished in 1823 by his son Ethem Pasha (Haxhi Ethem Bey), great- grandson of Sulejman Pasha. • Mount Dajt – Tirana, Albania o Its highest peak is at 1,613 m. In winter, the mountain is often covered with snow, and it is a popular retreat to the local population of Tirana that rarely sees snow falls. Its slopes have forests of pines, oak and beech. Dajti Mountain was declared a National Park in 1966, and has since 2006 an expanded area of about 29,384 ha. It is under the jurisdiction and administration of Tirana Forest Service Department. • Skanderbeg Square – Tirana, Albania o Skanderbeg Square is the main plaza of Tirana, Albania named in 1968 after the Albanian national hero Skanderbeg. A Skanderbeg Monument can be found in the plaza. • Skanderbeg Monument – Skanderberg Square, Tirana, Albania o The monument in memory of Skanderbeg was erected in Skanderbeg Square, Tirana.
    [Show full text]
  • Armenia, Republic of | Grove
    Grove Art Online Armenia, Republic of [Hayasdan; Hayq; anc. Pers. Armina] Lucy Der Manuelian, Armen Zarian, Vrej Nersessian, Nonna S. Stepanyan, Murray L. Eiland and Dickran Kouymjian https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T004089 Published online: 2003 updated bibliography, 26 May 2010 Country in the southern part of the Transcaucasian region; its capital is Erevan. Present-day Armenia is bounded by Georgia to the north, Iran to the south-east, Azerbaijan to the east and Turkey to the west. From 1920 to 1991 Armenia was a Soviet Socialist Republic within the USSR, but historically its land encompassed a much greater area including parts of all present-day bordering countries (see fig.). At its greatest extent it occupied the plateau covering most of what is now central and eastern Turkey (c. 300,000 sq. km) bounded on the north by the Pontic Range and on the south by the Taurus and Kurdistan mountains. During the 11th century another Armenian state was formed to the west of Historic Armenia on the Cilician plain in south-east Asia Minor, bounded by the Taurus Mountains on the west and the Amanus (Nur) Mountains on the east. Its strategic location between East and West made Historic or Greater Armenia an important country to control, and for centuries it was a battlefield in the struggle for power between surrounding empires. Periods of domination and division have alternated with centuries of independence, during which the country was divided into one or more kingdoms. Page 1 of 47 PRINTED FROM Oxford Art Online. © Oxford University Press, 2019.
    [Show full text]