La Résistance, Ni Rose Ni Noire

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La Résistance, Ni Rose Ni Noire Visions du Pacifique Le nucléaire, l’environnement et les Aborigènes ont dominé la cinquième édition du Festival international du film 1 documentaire océanien. PAGE 5 Raoul Peck Entretien avec le réalisateur de « Quelques jours en avril », une TV&Radio fiction sur le génocide rwandais, Du lundi 18 février diffusée sur Arte. PAGE 4 au dimanche 24 février 2008 Dans l’ombre du maître Un téléfilm étrange et prenant, inspiré par Beethoven. Avec Bruno Todeschini et Julie Delarme. Sur France 3. PAGE 27 Evadés du Fou du roi Du lundi au jeudi à 7 h 55, Stéphane Guillon et ses comparses égaient la matinale de France Inter. La Résistance, PAGE 35 Jacques Morell/France 2 ; Fiona O'doherty/ZDF/Arte ; AFP ; Pedro Hernandez/France 3 ; Christophe Abramowitz/Radio France. ni rose ni noire Christophe Nick, entouré d’historiens, remet en cause les « légendes » sur l’attitude des Français sous l’Occupation. Deux séries documentaires sur France 2 et France 5. PAGES 2 ET 3 - CAHIER DU « MONDE » DATÉ DIMANCHE 17 - LUNDI 18 FÉVRIER 2008, Nº 19617. NE PEUT ÊTRE VENDU SÉPARÉMENT - 2 Le Monde Dimanche 17 - Lundi 18 février 2008 DOSSIER Quand la France s’opposait Deux séries documentaires de Christophe Nick, diffusée sur France 2 et France 5, détaillent la Résistance sous l’angle de la société civile ourquoi un villageois drew Bampfield (« D-Day »), il s’at- prend-il le risque de telle au récit historique des années se faire tuer pour d’occupation en France, entre 1939 et aider des soldats à 1945, avec l’ambition de rétablir la franchir la ligne de dé- complexité d’une époque souvent pré- marcation ? Qu’est-ce sentée de façon manichéenne. « Cette qui pousse un profes- période à déjà été abordée par le biais de Pseur d’histoire à organiser des réu- monographies (sur Jean Moulin, les nions clandestines pour imprimer époux Aubrac, etc.) ou à travers l’his- des tracts antiallemands ? Com- toire de Vichy, explique Christophe ment des religieuses ont-elles réussi Nick. Là, ce que nous montrons, c’est à sauver des enfants juifs sur un comment réagit une société civile quand quai de gare au nez et à la barbe de elle est confrontée à un totalitarisme, à l’occuppant ? Ces questions sont au la barbarie et à l’occupation. Et surtout cœur de « La Résistance », deux sé- comment les mécanismes de la Résis- ries documentaires événement de tance se sont mis en place dès Christophe Nick réalisées pour juin 1940. » France 2 et France 5. Présentée en deux docu-fictions Ci-dessus : Journaliste, auteur, producteur et pour France 2 et quatre pour visages anonymes réalisateur, Christophe Nick s’est tou- France 5, « La Résistance » s’ap- de la Résistance. jours intéressé avec beaucoup de jus- puie à la fois sur un remarquable tra- Ci-contre : une tesse aux maux de la société contempo- vail d’archives et sur les travaux pu- infirmière soustrait raine (« Chronique de la violence ordi- bliés depuis une vingtaine d’année un enfant juif naire », « Ecole(s) en France »). Avec par les historiens français et étran- à la déportation. « La Résistance » (produit par Les gers. Notamment ceux de Jacques En « une » : films de la Croisade et Yami 2), série Semelin (Sans armes face à Hitler. reconstitution coécrite avec le scénariste anglais An- La Résistance civile en Europe d’un attentat contre [1939-1943]), Payot, 1989) et de l’occupant dans Pierre Laborie (Les Français sous le métro parisien. AU PROGRAMME Vichy et l’Occupation, Milan éd., CNC-AFF ; France 2 2003), tous deux consultants histori- JACQUES MORELL/FRANCE 2 « La Résistance », un docu-fiction ques pour la série avec Denis Pes- en deux parties de Christophe chanski et Serge Klarsfeld. Nick, Felix Olivier et Patricia Entre le « tous résistants » des an- Bodet : Vivre libre ou mourir nées 1945 et 1950 et le « tous colla- et Quand il fallait sauver les juifs. bos » des années 1970, l’historiogra- Lundi 18 et mardi 19 février, phie récente autorise une lecture plus 20 h 50. juste et plus apaisée d’une période membres de sa famille ont reçu le ti- courages les moins voyants et la France 5 propice à toutes les passions. Un re- tre de Justes pour avoir caché des en- somme de centaines de petits actes ré- « La Résistance », en quatre gard nouveau, donc, affranchi de tout fants juifs que le journaliste s’est s’in- sistants mis en lumière par les auteurs docu-fictions de Christophe Nick jugement moral, qui met entre paren- téressé à ce tissu social invisible. de la série. et Patricia Bodet : Le Sourd thèses les figures héroïques de la Ré- Si le commentaire du docu-fiction, La thèse va sans doute dérouter. Grondement d’un peuple ; sistance pour réhabiliter le rôle et les de France 2, lu par l’acteur Tcheky Les idées reçues sur les Français sous La Lutte armée ; Victimes contre décisions d’hommes et de femmes de Karyo, tombe un peu trop dans l’em- Vichy ont la vie dure, notamment à bourreaux ; Face à la déportation. l’ombre. « Comment expliquer que phase et renvoie parfois l’image d’une l’étranger. Mais la crédibilité et la réus- Vendredis 22 et 29 février, plus de 250 000 juifs vivant en France société française idéalement résis- site de ce projet, qui a nécessité deux 7 et 14 mars à 15 h 30. en 1940 ont échappé à la déportation et tante, la série garde toujours le cap de ans d’écriture et de recherches, rési- Internet au génocide sans évoquer l’importance son propos initial. Car c’est bien à la dent dans sa rigueur historique et son Témoignages exclusifs, éléments jouée par la résistance juive et celle lumière de la collaboration mise en effort permanent de pédagogie. Un pédagogiques et un espace débat d’autres réseaux civils ou religieux ? », place par Vichy et de son corollaire parfait exemple d’une télévision de ser- sur programmes.france2.fr/ interroge Christophe Nick. C’est d’actes criminels qu’il faut appréhen- vice public intelligente et audacieuse. resistance et france5.fr/resistance. d’ailleurs au moment où certains der les rebellions les plus infimes, les Guillaume Fraissard Le Monde 3 DOSSIER Dimanche 17 - Lundi 18 février 2008 a ENTRETIEN AVEC DENIS PESCHANSKI, HISTORIEN « Remettre en question les légendes rose et noire » DIRECTEUR de recher- tion pour conclure : tous nécessaire de porter toute l’atten- che au CNRS, Denis Pes- résistants. Dans les an- tion sur les 76 000 juifs de France chanski est du nombre nées 1970, cela s’est in- morts dans les camps. Car, précé- des historiens qui ont ap- versé. On s’est polarisé demment, ils avaient été oubliés. porté leur contribution sur l’action qui était le Maintenant, on doit souligner aussi à « La Résistance », aux fait d’une minorité et, que 250 000 juifs n’ont pas été dé- côtés de leurs collègues glissant de l’action vers portés et expliquer pourquoi. Pierre Laborie et Jacques l’opinion, on en a Les films montrent que les Fran- Sémelin, consultants, conclu : tous collabos. çais ont été beaucoup plus mar- et de Jean-Pierre Azéma, Pendant plus de vingt qués par la persécution des Katy Hazan, Julian Jack- ans, l’image du résistant juifs qu’on ne le croyait. Est-ce son (Grande-Bretagne), C. FILLIEULE/FRANCE 5 était dominante. Puis nouveau ? Sabine Jansen, Serge Klarsfeld, elle a été remplacée par la figure C’est un phénomène que nous Michel Lafitte, Lucien Lazare, de la victime, plus particulière- avions analysé depuis longtemps. Stefan Martens (Allemagne), ment juive, au point que celle-ci Les archives de Vichy et celles des Olivier Wievorka, Sabine Zeitoun. est devenue presque hégémonique, Allemands sont une mine de rensei- Partagez-vous le parti de cette occultant l’image du résistant. Il gnements tant le système d’espion- série documentaire qui corrige fallait remettre les choses à leur nage de la population était déve- la vision prévalant depuis une place, sans excès, ni dans un sens loppé et élaboré. Les rapports sont trentaine d’années et insistant ni dans l’autre. Les historiens le d’une grande précision. Ces docu- sur la collaboration, à l’encontre font depuis près de vingt ans. Res- ments montrent clairement que le de l’image d’une France très ré- tait à informer un large public. mécontentement ne cesse de gran- sistante, imposée auparavant ? Pourquoi les films de France 2 dir depuis le début de l’Occupation. Je le partage. Deux légendes se et de France 5 semblent-ils in- Il a différentes causes. Mais les ra- sont succédé, l’une rose, l’autre sister sur l’aide apportée aux fles de l’été 1942 sont un élément noire. Elles sont dues à des dérapa- juifs qui tentaient d’échapper à majeur d’aggravation de ce mouve- ges dans l’analyse de l’opinion et la déportation ? ment d’opinion qui va se traduire de l’action pendant l’Occupation. La résistance qui consiste à sau- aussi jusque dans la hiérarchie de A partir de 1945, on a considéré ver des juifs a été étudiée depuis l’Eglise. Mais encore une fois, opi- une opinion de plus en plus hos- longtemps mais les travaux à ce su- nion n’est pas action. tile à l’occupant et à la collabora- jet ont été très peu relayés. Il a été Propos recueillis par F. C. Le terreau du refus anonyme SIX MOIS À PEINE après le début de l’Occu- ment de Vichy sont si alarmants que, dès le 2 et France 5 (si le découpage et le montage pation, dans une France que l’on croyait, dans printemps 1941, le « Maréchal » fait, dans sont différents, si les historiens interviennent di- son ensemble, encore tétanisée par le choc de un discours solennel, l’aveu que « se lève » rectement dans le cas de France 5, l’essentiel son effondrement, Helmut Knochen, officier dans le pays « un vent mauvais », en annon- du contenu est le même sur les deux chaînes).
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