Mcnair SCHOLARS PROGRAM RESEARCH JOURNAL
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SAN JOSE STATE UNIVERSITY McNAIR SCHOLARS PROGRAM RESEARCH JOURNAL Spring 2008 San Jose State McNair Journal Volume IV San Jose State University and McNair The Ronald E. McNair Postbaccalaureate Achievement Program was established by Congress in 1986 after the tragic explosion of the Space Shuttle Challenger that killed seven crewmembers including Dr. McNair. Funded by the U.S. Department of Education, the program provides institutions with grants to develop and implement successful programs that recruit promising and aspiring low-income and first generation students and those from backgrounds underrepresented at the doctoral level and prepares them for the rigors of graduate level work. Currently the program operates at 179 campuses across the country. Since the McNair Scholars Program inception at SJSU in 1995, McNair has successfully recruited 133 low-income and first generation students and individuals who are underrepresented at the doctoral level. Spring 2008 San Jose State McNair Journal Volume IV San Jose State University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, creed, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, age, or disability in the administration of its educational policies, admissions policies, fellowship and loan programs, or other programs. San Jose State University is in compliance with Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and provides accessible walkways, ramps, and reserved parking spaces for the handicapped. San Jose State University is an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer. The information and policies included in this journal were current when printed, but are subject to change without notice. Additional and more current information may be found on the World Wide Web at http://www.sjsu.edu. Spring 2008 San Jose State McNair Journal Volume IV MCNAIR PROGRAM STAFF PAMELA STACKS Associate Vice President Graduate Studies and Research Principal Investigator JEANNINE SLATER Director NISHA GURBUXANI Academic/Research Coordinator ANGELICA OCHOA Administrative Coordinator Faculty Mentors for the 2006-2007 Research Year MARIA LUISA ALANIZ NATALIE BOERO DAVID BROOK CHARLES DARRAH SHAVARI DIXIT ANNE FOUNTAIN ROBERT FOWLER ROBERTO GONZALEZ ALLISON HEISCH COLLEEN O’LEARY-KELLEY ADRIAN RODRIGUEZ PRESTON RUDY ROMEY SABALIUS SUSAN SNYCERSKI ANNE MARIE TODD Editor NISHA GURBUXANI McNair Photographer CHRISTOPHE R GONZALES Spring 2008 San Jose State McNair Journal Volume IV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS WE ARE DEEPLY GREATFUL TO THE FOLLOWING PERSONS FOR THEIR SUPPORT: MARGARET SPELLINGS United States Secretary of Education LINDA BYRD-JOHNSON Director of the Office of Federal Trio Programs EILEEN BLAND Program Officer SAN JOSE STATE UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION DON W. KASSING Interim President CARMEN SIGLER Interim Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs PAMELA STACKS Associate Vice President Graduate Studies and Research COLLEEN BROWN Interim Associate Vice President Enrollment and Academic Services Spring 2008 San Jose State McNair Journal Volume IV A MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR The San Jose State University McNair Scholars Program is pleased to present the fourth SJSU McNair Scholars Research Journal. This journal represents the diverse and practical research experiences of the McNair Scholars during the 2006-2007 academic year. I would like to congratulate the scholars for their hard work, dedication, and accomplishments in the summer research program. My sincere appreciation to the faculty mentors for their guidance, time, and commitment to the scholars, their research and the program. A particular word of thanks goes out to the families and extended support systems that made these outstanding presentations possible. A special thanks to Colleen Brown, Interim AVP for Enrollment and Academic Services, President Don Kassing and Provost Carmen Sigler for their continuing support and encouragement given to both students and staff of this program. Spring 2008 San Jose State McNair Journal Volume IV TABLE OF CONTENTS McNair Research Papers 1 Christopher Gonzales “Non-Custodial Divorced Fathers: A Qualitative and Quantitative Review on the Relationship between Father and Child Contact and Emotional Well Being” FACULTY MENTOR: Dr. Shavari Dixit, Department of Psychology 24 Tuyet Huynh “Understanding Children’s Practices in an Institutional Context” FACULTY MENTOR: Dr. Charles Darrah, Department of Anthropology 50 Claudia Lopez “‘I’m Just Your Typical Anti-Stereotype Female...’: An Exploration of Females Living on the Streets of San Francisco” FACULTY MENTOR: Dr. Natalie Boero, Department of Sociology 73 Antonia Mendoza “Social Impact of Environmental Racism in the Outsourcing of E-waste in Africa and Asia” FACULTY MENTOR: Dr. Anne Marie Todd, Department of Communication Studies 94 Nura Omer “Synthesis and Properties of Novel Verdazyl and Nitroxide Free Radicals” FACULTY MENTOR: Dr. David Brook, Department of Chemistry 112 George Ophelia “Reservation Blues: A Novel of Historical Legacies” FACULTY MENTOR: Dr. Allison Heisch, Department of History 140 Adriana Ross “Isabel Allende: ¿Cronista o Novelista?” FACULTY MENTOR: Dr. Anne Fountain, Department of Foreign Languages Spring 2008 San Jose State McNair Journal Volume IV 161 Sarah Saffi “The Link Between Nutrition and Crohn’s Disease” FACULTY MENTOR: Dr. Colleen O’Leary-Kelley, Department of Nursing 189 Harry Sebastian “The Role of the DinB Gene on Spontaneous Mutagenesis in Escherichia Coli” FACULTY MENTOR: Dr. Robert Fowler, Department of Biological Sciences 201 Sukhbir Singh "Detecting Genotoxicity in Pacifastacus Leniusculus (Crayfish) Exposed to Polluted Sediments in Coyote Creek and the South San Francisco Bay" FACULTY MENTOR: Dr. Adrian Rodriguez, Department of Biological Sciences 222 Vedada Sirovica “Swiss Author Martin R. Dean’s Novel Meine Väter Explores a Suppressed Multicultural Identity Through the Search for an Unknown Father” FACULTY MENTOR: Dr. Romey Sabalius, Department of Foreign Languages 235 Tuneka Tucker “‘It’s About a Social Movement. We Are Not Just a Union’: An Examination of the California Nurses Association’s Use of Social Movement Unionism" FACULTY MENTOR: Dr. Preston Rudy, Department of Sociology 262 Adam Welch “Intermodal Trucker Labor Protest in Central Valley Stockton” FACULTY MENTOR: Dr. Maria Luisa Alaniz, Department of Social Sciences Spring 2008 San Jose State McNair Journal Volume IV Biography Christopher Gonzales is a Junior majoring in Psychology. His research investigates the relationship between the emotional well-being of recently divorced fathers and the amount of contact they have with their children. Outside of his interest in research, Chris is passionate about photography and Christopher M. capturing life when he travels. Also, in Gonzales Jr the past he has held leadership roles through being a part of the executive Major: board of Unitied Sorority and Fraternity Psychology Council and Philanthrophy Chair of Zeta Chi Epsilon. In addition, he enjoys Mentor: being a Mentor of Community Partners Dr. Shavari Dixit for Youth and spending time with friends and family. Currently he is spending a Non-Custodial Divorced semester studying abroad in Hong Fathers: A Kong. In the future he wants to get a Qualitative/Quantitative Ph.D in Social work, with an emphasis Review on The in aging. Relationship Between Father/Child Contact and Emotional Well-Being Page 1 Spring 2008 San Jose State McNair Journal Volume IV Non-Custodial Divorced Fathers: A Qualitative/Quantitative Review on the Relationship Between Father/Child Contact and Emotional Well- Being ABSTRACT One purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between non-custodial divorced fathers' (NCDF) emotional wellbeing and their child/father connectedness. Also, the study used a qualitative approach to investigate the other implications that may relate to their emotional wellbeing. The study used surveys and phone interviews to determine the relationship between the NCDF father/child connectedness and the NCDFs emotional state. The study also used the same method to unveil the underlying factors that affect the NCDF during and after divorce. The surveys included depression, self-esteem, and divorce adjustment scales to determine divorced father's emotional wellness. The demographic survey and phone interviews were used with the scales to cross-analyze the fathers’ father/child connectedness and the influences that affect their relationship and their emotional wellbeing. Data were collected from 4 NCDF. Demographically, all fathers are Caucasian and between thirty years of age or over. The fathers were divorced as early as October 2000 while others are currently in the process. Findings indicated that anger and frustration towards the court seems to be a factor that contributes to the emotional distress of divorced fathers. NCDF feel that they are treated unfairly and are frustrated with the court's restrictions laid upon them. Implications and suggestions Page 2 Spring 2008 San Jose State McNair Journal Volume IV were included for mental health professionals, legal professionals, and policy makers. Introduction Divorce is a serious issue for all members of the family. Often divorce ends with the children living with their mothers, and the non-custodial divorced fathers (NCDF) are left to face the many misconceptions and strain that reduce them to insignificant roles as fathers (Bokker, 2006a). Therefore NCDF have to face extra challenges to redevelop their relationship with their children (Bokker, 2006b; Nielson, 1999). The purpose of the study is to