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Moose Research Center Report, Volume XVI, Project Progress Report Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W-17-7, Jobs 1.1R

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Moose Research Center Report, Volume XVI, Project Progress Report Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W-17-7, Jobs 1.1R ·~~ .. -" - - ~' ,,,_..,. ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME J U N E A U, A L A S K A STATE OF ALASKA Jay S. Hanunond, Governor DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME James W. Brooks, Commissioner DIVISION OF GAME Robert A. Rausch, Director Donald McKnight, Research Chief MOOSE RESEARCH CENTER REPORT By Albert W. Franzmann and Paul D. Arneson Volmae XVI Project Progress Report Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W-17-7, Jobs l.lR, l.7R, l.12R, 1.13R, l.14R and 19.lSR Persons are free to use material in these reports for educational or informational purposes. However, since most reports treat only part of continuing studies, persons intending to use this material in scientific publications should obtain prior permission from the Department of Fish and Game. In all cases, tentative conclusions should be identified as such in quotation, and due credit would be appreciated. (Printed October 1975) r-~.....,,.,---..------------.,,,,..,...--------------------- ­ _, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many individuals from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service were involved in projects at the Kenai Moose Research Center (MRC) and with this and the following jobs. K. Schneider provided the leadership and guidance at the Regional level to allow MRC personnel freedom to function. The basic goals and outlines for the MRC as initiated by R. Rausch remain functional and initial work at MRC by R. LeResche provided the basis for many studies. C. Lucier and his laboratory staff, including R. Modafferi, T. Spraker and A. Johnson provided the necessary laboratory support for MRC projects. P. LeRoux, J. Davis, and S. Linderman were involved and assisted in many aspects of MRC projects. J. Monnie and his staff at the Kenai National Moose Range provided support to MRC projects. V. VanBallenberghe, A. Davis, and S. Hammarstrom of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and C. Stone, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service assisted with moose tagging in Unit 15C. Biologists throughout the state provided hair samples from hunts, road kills and collections. B. Pegau and C. Grauvogel provided samples from Nome area, J. Coady from Fairbanks area, V. VanBallenberghe from Glennallen area, J. Reynolds from Cordova area, and D. Johnson and W. Ballard from Southeast Alaska. Personnel at Fort Richardson and Elmendorf AFB provided hair and blood samples from tagging operations under the guidance of D. Bader and C. Irvine. A special thanks to C. Irvine who provided the electronics expertise and telemetry equipment required for behavioral studies. J. Seal, Alaska Department of Adminstration, Computer Services Division, was most helpful with computer programming and interpretation. A. Flynn, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, provided invaluable assistance with mineral element analyses and corroborated with MRC personnel on several publications. E. Groden, University of Massachusetts, and M. Sigman, University of Alaska, provided assistance in many projects as well as their direct involvement in specific studies. Each provided some of the material published in this report. J. Oldemeyer was involved in every project in one way or another in addition to his own studies here at the MRC and his help was most appreciated. Our sincere thanks to every group and individual above and to all those inadvertantly not mentioned. -r--------------------.......------------------~--------------- --····· -..-., JOB PROGRESS REPORT (RESEARCH) State: Alaska Cooperators: Albert W. Franzmann and Paul D. Arneson Project No.: W-17-7 Project Title: Big Game Investigations Job No.: LlR Job Title: Moose Productivity and Physiology Period Covered: July 1, 1974 to June 30, 1975 SUMMARY Calf mortality at the Kenai Moose Research Center (MRC) during winter 1974-75 was 100 percent. Poor calf survival was also experienced throughout Game Management Unit 15. Snow depths were greater than 50cm from January through early April 1975. The Willow Lake Rehabilitation Area supported greater numbers of moose than similar control areas and calf survival appeared better. Adult moose mortality attributable to "winter kill" was experienced at the MRC as well as in Game Management Unit 15C. Marrow fat of two adult moose which were winter-killed at the MRC was 7.4 and 8.6 percent, which was similar to marrow fat values in winter-killed calves. Three of the last four winters on the Kenai Peninsula were severe enough to result in poor calf survival, and recruitment into the population has been negligible. Of six, adult, female penned moose examined from January through March, 67 percent were pregnant. Six moose examined outside the enclosures had a pregnancy rate of 83 percent. During tagging operations in Game Management Unit 13 in March 1975, 86 percent of 59 moose examined were pregnant and 83 percent of 29 moose examined in Game Management Unit 15C in April 1975 were pregnant. Whole body weights were obtained from 67 moose during this report period. Serial weights from adult male moose indicated tremendous weight gain through the summer months (up to 28 percent body weight) with weight losses up to 10 percent during the rut. Adult female moose (except a female with calf) gained weight through the summer and continued to gain through the rut. Blood samples were collected from 409 moose during this report period, making a total of 1,488 samples collected and analyzed to date at the MRC. No more samples will be added to computer storage and analyses and interpretation of computer output has begun. Six-hundred and ten hair samples were collected and analyzed for 18 mineral elements during this report period making a total of 1,266 samples analyzed since May 1972. Seven manuscripts relative to moose hair element analyses were prepared for publication during this report period. References to three, abstracts of two and the text of two papers are included in this report. i Eight moose milk samples were analyzed for 18 mineral elements and gross composition studies of 20 moose milk samples were completed. A manuscript is in preparation regarding comparative value of milk composites of North American wild ruminants. A manuscript comparing hair and milk values is included in this report. Mineral metabolism and cycling studies were initiated and analyses of browse, soil and water were completed. No interpretation was made of these preliminary data, however. Serum corticoid levels proved useful as an adjunct to excitability evaluation in moose and a manuscript regarding these data was prepared and is incorporated into this report. Browse production and utilization studies at the t1RC by John Oldemeyer, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, are continuing. The procedure has been described in a paper and the abstract is in this report. Abstracts of two other papers by John Oldemeyer which relate to his moose browse studies are included in this report. Browse quality and the Kenai moose population was the subject of a multiauthored paper which considered the digestibility, fiber, protein and mineral aspects of browse quality. The text is incorporated into this report. CONTENTS Summary •. i Background 1 Objectives 1 Procedures • 2 Kenai Moose Research Center Facilities. 2 Productivity and Mortality.•..• 3 Weights and Measurements•• 3 Physiology - Blood, Hair and Milk 3 Mineral Metabolism and Cycling. 3 Excitability Evaluation 4 Condition Evaluation. 4 Findings . • . • . 4 Productivity and Mortality•• 4 Weights and Measurements. • 19 Blood Values •.•...•. 19 Hair Mineral Element Values • • 25 Milk Values • . • . • • • • • 32 Mineral Metabolism and Cycling.• • • 32 Excitability Evaluation • • • • • 57 Browse Productivity and Utilization • 60 Browse Quality. • 61 Literature Cited • . •. 70 BACKGROUND The basis for investigations of moose (AZces aZces) productivity and physiology initiated at the Kenai Moose Research Center (MRC) was outlined in preceding progress reports (LeResche 1970, LeResche and Davis 1971, LeResche et al. 1973, and Franzmann and Arneson 1973). These studies were continued during this reporting period. This report will update data collected but will not involve detailed interpretation since papers are in various stages of preparation regarding these studies. Papers completed and published or accepted for publication were incorporated into this report when appropriate. Utilizing hair sampling and analysis to monitor moose mineral metabolism (Franzmann et al. 1974 and Franzmann et al. 1975) has resulted in an expansion of our efforts to assess the. quality factors in the mooses' environment. We have initiated plant, soil and water mineral element analyses along with continuing moose hair and tissue analyses. John L. Oldemeyer has reported on his browse quality studies at the MRC (Oldemeyer 1974) and has prepared additional papers presently in review (abstacts and paper in this report). OBJECTIVES To measure natality, mortality and general condition of moose at the Kenai Moose Research Center. To establish baselines by sex, age, season, reproductive status, area, drug used, excitability and condition for the following physiologic parameters in moose, and to evaluate their usefulness as indicators of nutritional and general status in moose: 1 A. Blood Values for: 11. Albumin/globulin ratio 1. Calcium 12. Alpha-1, alpha-2, beta and gamma globulins 2. Inorganic phosphorus 13. Bilirubin 3. Calcium/phosphorus ratio 14. Alkaline phosphatase 4. Glucose 15. 11-hydroxycorticosteroids 5. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 16. Serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT): 6. Uric acid 17. Hemoglobin 7. Cholesterol
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