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The Analysis of Grice's Non-Observance

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The Analysis of Grice's Non-Observance THE ANALYSIS OF GRICE’S NON-OBSERVANCE CONVERSATIONAL MAXIMS OPERATING IN SHREK AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By LANOKE INTAN PARADITA Student Number: 044214098 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMNET OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2009 THE ANALYSIS OF GRICE’S NON-OBSERVANCE CONVERSATIONAL MAXIMS OPERATING IN SHREK AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By LANOKE INTAN PARADITA Student Number: 044214098 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMNET OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2009 i No Rain. No Rainbow iv For my siblings, Lana and Mona And my best friends, Ningsih and Senny v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis will never find its way without all His grace. I thank Allah SWT, my God Almighty. I realize this thesis will never reach its end, without great supports from countless gorgeous people. I thank Adventina Putranti, S.S., M. Hum very much, my wonderful advisor, for her valuable guides through out the writing process and my co-advisor, Harris Hermansyah S., S.S., M.Hum for his support. I also thank all lectures and staffs of Sanata Dharma University, especially those cheering up the Department of English Letters, for all the knowledge and experience shared. My great gratitude for my parents for their never-ending challenges, my brother, Lana, hopefully he will run as fast as the wind soon. For my sister Mona, my Grandmother, my aunt Bude Rini, Tante Endang, and my uncle Pakde Sam for their support. I also send many thanks for my beautiful best friends Ningsih, Senny, and Ståle for their lifetime experiences. For Eling, Mas Topik, Aryk, Toni, Tuti, Wira, Ade, for the best friendship and the great change of my life. For all of my creative brilliant friends in Komunitas Gayam 16, Mbak Dita for her valuable sharing, Rosyi, Penceng, Icak, Dika, Yusda, Mas Hana, Mas Asep, Mas Djijit, Mas Djoko, Mas Rudit, Mbah Sapto, Simak Aciek, Mbak Beta, Mbak Sani, and Mbak Putri who give a never ending chance for me to grow. I also thank Bank BCA very much for the fund helping me passing those many semesters. I also send my gratitude to Pak Edy who gives me the inspiration, Skaeys for all of the surprises, my Aikido-ka friends, String Movie Maniacs, EDS Sadhar, and Panggung Boneka for the precious experiences. My countless thanks Masashi Kishimoto-sensei, Akeboshi, and Bang Andrea Hirata for their wonderful and beautiful spirit, and for Robin S. Sharma for his wisdom. I also thank Saoran for his unbelievable experiences and Sigit for those wakes up; they certainly did! And my honor for everyone who never stops fighting for their dreams! Lanoke Intan Paradita vi TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………….. i APPROVAL PAGE………………………………………………………… ii ACCEPTANCE PAGE…………………………………………………….. iii MOTTO PAGE…………………………………………………………….. iv DEDICATION PAGE…………………………………………………….... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………... vii TABLE OF ABBREVIATION……………………………………………. ix ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………….... x ABSTRAK…………………………………………………………………... xi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION…………………………………………. 1 A. Background of the study………………………………………... 1 B. Problem Formulation…………………………………………… 4 C. Objectives of the Study…………………………………………. 4 D. Definition of Terms……………………………………………... 5 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW……………………………… 7 A. Review of Related Studies………………………………………. 7 B. Review of Related Theories……………………………………... 8 1. Theory of local organization operating within a conversation…………………………………………………. 8 2. Theory of Cooperative Principles by Grice………………….. 14 C. Theoretical Framework………………………………………….. 20 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY............................................................. 21 A. Object of the Study………………………………………………. 21 B. Approach of the Study…………………………………………… 21 C. Method of the Study……………………………………………... 22 D. Research Procedure……………………………………………… 22 1. Data collection………………………………………………… 22 2. Data Analysis………………………………………………... 23 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS……………………………………………….. A. The analysis of maxims violated……………………………........ 25 1. The violation of maxim of quantity………………............ 25 2. The violation of maxim of quality……………………….. 25 3. The violation of maxim of manner………………………. 29 4. Opting out………………………………………………... 33 5. The violation of maxim of quantity and maxim of manner………………………………………………........ 40 6. The violation of maxim of Quality and maxim of Manner………………………………………………....... 44 vii B. The analysis of possible reason the participants to violate the 47 maxims…………………………………………………………... 49 1. To control the other participants’ feeling by creating fear……. 50 2. To plead the other participants………………………………... 50 3. To repair what has been said by the participant………………. 51 4. To cover or keep the truth a secret……………………………. 52 5. To persuade someone doing something………………………. 54 56 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION……………………………………………. 58 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………… xii APPENDIX……………………………………………………………….. xiii viii TABLE OF ABBREVIATION CF : to create fear or control the other participant’s feeling CT : to cover or keep the truth as a secret MMn : (the violation) of maxim of manner MQl : (the violation) of maxim of quality MQn : (the violation) of maxim of quantity Op : opt out of a maxim PDS : to persuade the other participants to do something PS : to plead the other participants TR : to repair what has been said ix ABSTRACT LANOKE INTAN PARADITA. The Analysis of Grice’s Non-observance Conversational Maxims Operating in Shrek. Yogyakarta. Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2009 The study that is conducted in this thesis is aiming at the analysis of Grice’s Cooperative Principles which are constituted in a conversation. The analysis particularly discusses the non-observance of conversational maxims in the conversation, which are described in four different ways that are by flouting, violating, opting out, and infringing over maxim(s). This study however will focus on the violation and the opt out. The object of the study is a comedy cartoon film entitled Shrek. This film is chosen to be the object since there is a close relationship between comedy or humor and the non-observance of the Cooperative Principles specifically the violation and opt out. Moreover, this film is regarded as the best cartoon film ever made. In doing the analysis, the writer formulates two problem formulations as the frame for the whole analysis. The first problem formulation is how the participants in Shrek violate and opt out over maxim(s). The second problem formulation is what possible reasons which may prompt the participants to either violate or opt out of maxim(s). The study is using an empirical study which data are taken from Shrek dialog which is transcribed into a film script. The data then are compared with the printed script which is collected from the internet. To do the analysis, the writer uses a pragmatic approach since the study involves how the participants use the language to attain their goals and how they interpret the utterances that are conveyed. The analysis shows that there are thirteen violations and opts out. The violation of the maxim of manner becomes the maxim violated most, which occurs four times out of eleven violations in nine dialogs. Based on the analysis, there are five reasons as the main backgrounds which prompt the participants to fail in following or observing the maxims. The reasons are to create fear or control the other participants’ feeling, to plead the other participants, to repair what the participants has already said, to cover the truth or keep the truth as a secret, and to persuade the other participants to do something. x ABSTRAK LANOKE INTAN PARADITA. The Analysis of Grice’s Non-observance Conversational Maxims Operating in Shrek. Yogyakarta. Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2009 Penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penulisan skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis prinsip kerja sama yang dikemukakan oleh Grice yang terdapat dalam sebuah percakapan. Secara khusus, analisis dalam skripsi ini mendiskusikan tentang non-obsarvance dari prinsip kerja sama dalam percakapan yang digambarkan dalam empat cara yang berbeda, yaitu flouting, violating, opting out, dan infringe. Akan tetapi, penelitian ini akan secara khusus membahas violating dan opting out. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah film kartun komedi yang berjudul Shrek. Film ini dipilih sebagai objek penelitian karena adanya hubungan yang dekat antara komedi atau humor dengan non-obervance pada prinsip kerja sama Grice, khususnya violating dan opting out. Terlebih lagi, film ini dianggap sebagai salah satu film paling sukses yang pernah dibuat. Untuk melakukan analisis, penulis memformulasikan dua rumusan masalah sebagai kerangka untuk keseluruhan analisis. Rumusan pertama adalah bagaimana para pelaku tindak tutur dalam film Shrek melakukan violation dan opt out. Rumusan masalah yang kedua adalah alasan apa yang mungkin dimiliki oleh para pelaku tindak tutur sehingga mereka melakukan violation dan opt out terhadap maksim-maksim dalam prinsip kerja sama.. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian empiris. Dara yang digunakan didapat dari percakapan Shrek yang diterjemahkan ke dalam naskah film. Data ini kemudian dibandingkan dengan naskah tertulis yang didapat dari penelusuran internet. Dalam melakukan
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