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Technical Reference Manual for the Standardization of Geographical Names United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names
ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/87 Department of Economic and Social Affairs Statistics Division Technical reference manual for the standardization of geographical names United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names United Nations New York, 2007 The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environmental data and information on which Member States of the United Nations draw to review common problems and to take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (iii) it advises interested Governments on the ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities. NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of material in the present publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The term “country” as used in the text of this publication also refers, as appropriate, to territories or areas. Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/87 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. -
The Lovely Serendipitous Experience of the Bookshop’: a Study of UK Bookselling Practices (1997-2014)
‘The Lovely Serendipitous Experience of the Bookshop’: A Study of UK Bookselling Practices (1997-2014). Scene from Black Books, ‘Elephants and Hens’, Series 3, Episode 2 Chantal Harding, S1399926 Book and Digital Media Studies Masters Thesis, University of Leiden Fleur Praal, MA & Prof. Dr. Adriaan van der Weel 28 July 2014 Word Count: 19,300 Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter One: There is Value in the Model ......................................................................................................... 10 Chapter Two: Change and the Bookshop .......................................................................................................... 17 Chapter Three: From Standardised to Customised ....................................................................................... 28 Chapter Four: The Community and Convergence .......................................................................................... 44 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................................... 51 Bibliography: ............................................................................................................................................................... 54 Archival and Primary Sources: ....................................................................................................................... -
A Könyvtárüggyel Kapcsolatos Nemzetközi Szabványok
A könyvtárüggyel kapcsolatos nemzetközi szabványok 1. Állomány-nyilvántartás ISO 20775:2009 Information and documentation. Schema for holdings information 2. Bibliográfiai feldolgozás és adatcsere, transzliteráció ISO 10754:1996 Information and documentation. Extension of the Cyrillic alphabet coded character set for non-Slavic languages for bibliographic information interchange ISO 11940:1998 Information and documentation. Transliteration of Thai ISO 11940-2:2007 Information and documentation. Transliteration of Thai characters into Latin characters. Part 2: Simplified transcription of Thai language ISO 15919:2001 Information and documentation. Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters ISO 15924:2004 Information and documentation. Codes for the representation of names of scripts ISO 21127:2014 Information and documentation. A reference ontology for the interchange of cultural heritage information ISO 233:1984 Documentation. Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters ISO 233-2:1993 Information and documentation. Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters. Part 2: Arabic language. Simplified transliteration ISO 233-3:1999 Information and documentation. Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters. Part 3: Persian language. Simplified transliteration ISO 25577:2013 Information and documentation. MarcXchange ISO 259:1984 Documentation. Transliteration of Hebrew characters into Latin characters ISO 259-2:1994 Information and documentation. Transliteration of Hebrew characters into Latin characters. Part 2. Simplified transliteration ISO 3602:1989 Documentation. Romanization of Japanese (kana script) ISO 5963:1985 Documentation. Methods for examining documents, determining their subjects, and selecting indexing terms ISO 639-2:1998 Codes for the representation of names of languages. Part 2. Alpha-3 code ISO 6630:1986 Documentation. Bibliographic control characters ISO 7098:1991 Information and documentation. -
E-Books on the Mobile E-Reader
Mobile Information Systems 9 (2013) 55–68 55 DOI 10.3233/MIS-2012-0148 IOS Press E-books on the mobile e-reader Chulyun Kim, Ok-Ran Jeong∗, Jaehyuk Choi and Won Kim Department of Software Design and Management, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea Abstract. The market for e-books has been established during the past several years. Many e-book readers are commercially available, and millions of e-book titles are available for purchase or free download. E-paper technology has matured enough to be used as the screen for dedicated e-book readers which make reading possible with the familiar feel of reading printed books. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the status of the e-book, including the architecture and features of e-book readers, market adoption and e-book industry ecosystem. Keywords: E-book, e-paper technology, e-book reader, e-book industry ecosystem 1. Introduction A book organizes texts and images. As texts and images can be stored and retrieved from computers in digital form, the emergence of e-books is only natural. An e-book (electronic book) is a book that is stored in digital form and read on a mobile e-book reader. There are two types of e-book reader: a dedicated e-book reader (such as Amazon’s Kindle, Sony’s PRS Reader), and a multi-function computing device (such as a PC, a tablet computer, a PDA, a smart phone). (Henceforth, we will use the term “e-book reader” to mean either type where a distinction is not necessary.) Figure 1 shows an Amazon Kindle e-book reader. -
Version 13.0 Release Notes
Release Notes The tool of thought for expert programming Version 13.0 Dyalog is a trademark of Dyalog Limited Copyright 1982-2011 by Dyalog Limited. All rights reserved. Version 13.0 First Edition April 2011 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form by any means without the prior written permission of Dyalog Limited. Dyalog Limited makes no representations or warranties with respect to the contents hereof and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Dyalog Limited reserves the right to revise this publication without notification. TRADEMARKS: SQAPL is copyright of Insight Systems ApS. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Windows, Windows Vista, Visual Basic and Excel are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All other trademarks and copyrights are acknowledged. iii Contents C H A P T E R 1 Introduction .................................................................................... 1 Summary........................................................................................................................... 1 System Requirements ....................................................................................................... 2 Microsoft Windows .................................................................................................... 2 Microsoft .Net Interface .............................................................................................. 2 Unix and Linux .......................................................................................................... -
Analysis of Mutual Influence of Music and Text in Svan Songs
Analysis of mutual influence of music and text in Svan songs Nana Mzhavanadze Madona Chamgeliani University of Potsdam Lidbashi Foundation [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT stand and, secondly, due to the phonetic reservoir (es- pecially vowels in upper Svaneti) of Svans being rich The present paper discusses the influence of musicological, lin- and often having grammatical function. This raises a guistic, and ethnological aspects on the music-text relation in question about phonetic events being of musical or Svan songs. In a lot of cases, there is a deep bond between verbal linguistic origin. texts and their musical counterparts (Mzhavanadze & Chamgeliani, 2015). Despite the fact that the lyrics of songs are • In contradiction to the hypothesis of some authors that of critical importance to the rituals in which they are performed, Svan songs are believed to be “song-poems“ many of them are difficult (at times impossible) to transcribe. The (Shanidze et al., 1939), the texts often do not show present analysis shows that the reservoir of Svan melos is rela- high integrity with the music as they are sung. tively modest in comparison with the verbal texts. In songs in which musical patterns repeat and texts alter, the latter get modi- This suggests that in order to understand Svans’ musical fied and often distorted to the degree to make them incomprehen- grammar, the interrelationship between music and verbal sible. This is also true for texts of pre-Christian origin, which has texts cannot be ignored. The presented paper touches on interesting ethnological consequences. The results of the current the issues what role either play in the forming process of study challenge the isolated linguistic interpretation of verbal texts of Svan songs and emphasize the need for a joint analysis a musical (artistic) image. -
The Impact of Covid-19 on Independent Publishing
The impact of Covid-19 on independent publishing 1 How has Covid-19 impacted your print sales in the last six months? Sales down by up to 25% 26% Sales down by 25% to 50% 24% Sales down by more than 50% 21% Little change 17% Sales up by up to 25% 7% Sales up by 25% to 50% 4% Sales up by more than 50% 1% 2 How has Covid-19 impacted your digital sales in the last six months? Sales down by up to 25% 5% Sales down by 25% to 50% 3% Sales down by more than 50% 3% Little change 36% Sales up by up to 25% 31% Sales up by 25% to 50% 10% Sales up by more than 50% 10% 3 Have you furloughed any staff over the last six months? Yes, fewer than 25% 17% Yes, 25% to 50% 6% Yes, 50% to 75% 9% Yes, 75% to 100% 6% No 63% 4 If used, has the furlough scheme benefited your business? Yes, it protected jobs 62% Yes, it ensured our survival 22% No 16% 5 Have staff at your company returned to their pre-pandemic places of work yet? (Excludes those who worked at home anyway. Most responses date from before the announcement of England’s second national lockdown in November 2020.) Yes, some 25% Yes, all 7% No 39% 1 6 How successful has your company been in changing working practices in the last six months? (Excludes those for whom there has been no change.) Very successful 45% Fairly successful 43% Neutral 10% Fairly unsuccessful 1% Very unsuccessful 2% 7 Has your use of freelance staff changed in the last six months? Used more freelancers 10% Used fewer freelancers 20% No change 70% 8 Have you experienced any distribution challenges in the last six months? Yes 70% No 30% 9 Have you experienced any credit control challenges in the last six months? Yes 32% No 68% 10 How optimistic are you about prospects for your business over the next six months? Very optimistic 9% Fairly optimistic 47% Neutral 29% Fairly pessimistic 13% Very pessimistic 2% Figures are based on a survey of 126 IPG members in October and November 2020 2 Members’ views… … On distribution challenges in the last six months • Maintaining supply chain from printer to warehouse; and from there directly to customers globally. -
Georgian Romanization
Georgian Values are shown for the older Khutsuri and the modern Mkhedruli alphabets. There are no upper case letters in Mkhedruli. Upper case letters Lower case letters Khutsuri Romanization Khutsuri Mkhedruli Romanization Ⴀ A ⴀ ა a Ⴁ B ⴁ ბ b Ⴂ G ⴂ ზ g Ⴃ D ⴃ დ d Ⴄ E ⴄ ე e Ⴅ V ⴅ ქ v Ⴆ Z ⴆ ჩ z Ⴇ Tʻ ⴇ უ tʻ Ⴈ I ⴈ ი i Ⴉ K ⴉ ჯ k Ⴊ L ⴊ მ l Ⴋ M ⴋ ნ m Ⴌ N ⴌ ო n Ⴍ O ⴍ პ o Ⴎ P ⴎ ჰ p Ⴏ Ž ⴏ შ ž Ⴐ R ⴐ ს r Ⴑ S ⴑ ტ s Ⴒ T ⴒ ჳ t Ⴓ U ⴓ ფ u Ⴔ Pʻ ⴔ ჟ pʻ Ⴕ Kʻ ⴕ ლ kʻ Ⴖ Ġ ⴖ ჭ ġ Ⴗ Q ⴗ ჱ q Ⴘ Š ⴘ ჲ š Ⴙ Čʻ ⴙ ძ čʻ Ⴚ Cʻ ⴚ გ cʻ Ⴛ Ż ⴛ ჴ ż Ⴜ C ⴜ ც c Ⴝ Č ⴝ წ č Ⴞ X ⴞ ყ x Ⴟ J ⴟ ხ j Ⴠ H ⴠ თ h Ⴡ Ē ⴡ ჵ ē Ⴢ Y ⴢ კ y Ⴤ X ⴤ რ x Ⴥ Ō ⴥ ჶ ō Ⴣ W ⴣ ღ w ვ f ჷ ĕ ჸ ʻ (ayn) , ŭ Transliteration of Georgian 1/3 GEORGIAN Georgian script* ISO 9984 National IKE ALA-LC KNAB BGN/PCGN TITUS 1996(1.0) 2002(2.0) 1974(3.0) 1997(4.0) 1993(5.0) 1981(6.0) 2000(7.0) 01 Ⴀ ა a a a a a a a 02 Ⴁ ბ b b b b b b b 03 Ⴂ გ g g g g g g g 04 Ⴃ დ d d d d d d d 05 Ⴄ ე e e e e e e e 06 Ⴅ ვ v v v v v v v 07 Ⴆ ზ z z z z z z z 08 Ⴡ ჱ a ē — ē / ey ē — (ey) (ē) 09 Ⴇ თ t’ t t tʻ t tʼ t 10 Ⴈ ი i i i i i i i 11 Ⴉ კ k k’ ḳ k ķ k ḳ 12 Ⴊ ლ l l l l l l l 13 Ⴋ მ m m m m m m m 14 Ⴌ ნ n n n n n n n 15 Ⴢ ჲ a y — y y — (j) — 16 Ⴍ ო o o o o o o o 17 Ⴎ პ p p’ ṗ p ṗ p ṗ 18 Ⴏ ჟ ž zh ž z̆ ž zh ž 19 Ⴐ რ r r r r r r r 20 Ⴑ ს s s s s s s s 21 Ⴒ ტ t t’ ṭ t ţ t ṭ 22 Ⴣ ჳ a w — wi / ü w — — — 23 Ⴓ უ u u u u u u u 24 Ⴔ ფ pʼ p p pʻ p pʼ p 25 Ⴕ ქ kʼ k k kʻ k kʼ k 26 Ⴖ ღ ḡ gh ǧ / ɣ ġ ǧ gh ġ 27 Ⴗ ყ q q’ q̇ q q q q̇ 28 Ⴘ შ š sh š š š sh š 29 Ⴙ ჩ čʼ ch č čʻ č chʼ č 30 Ⴚ ც cʼ ts c cʻ c tsʼ c 31 Ⴛ ძ j dz j / ʒ ż dz dz ʒ 32 Ⴜ წ c ts’ c̣ c ç ts c̣ 33 Ⴝ ჭ č ch’ č̣ č ç̌ ch č̣ 34 Ⴞ ხ x kh x x x kh χ 35 Ⴤ ჴ a ẖ — q x̣ — (qʼ) q 36 Ⴟ ჯ ǰ j ǰ / ǯ j dž j ǯ 37 Ⴠ ჰ h h h h h h h 38 Ⴥ ჵ a ō — ō / ow ō — — (ō) Thomas T. -
Svan Funeral Dirges (Zär): Musical Acoustical Analysis of a New Collection of Field Recordings
Trabzon University State Conservatory © 2017-2020 Volume 4 Issue 2 December 2020 Research Article Musicologist 2020. 4 (2): 138-167 DOI: 10.33906/musicologist.782094 FRANK SCHERBAUM Universität Potsdam, Germany [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-5050-7331 NANA MZHAVANADZE Universität Potsdam, Germany [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0001-5726-1656 Svan Funeral Dirges (Zär): Musical Acoustical Analysis of a New Collection of Field Recordings ABSTRACT This paper is a companion paper to Mzhavanadze & Scherbaum (2020). KEYWORDS Jointly, the two papers describe the results of an interdisciplinary study of three-voiced Svan funeral dirges, known as zär in Svan and zari in Traditional Georgian Georgian. In the present paper, to which we refer as paper 1, we analyze Vocal Music the musical acoustical properties of a new set of field recordings Computational collected during an ethnomusicological field expedition to Georgia in Ethnomusicology 2016. The aim of the study is to investigate the tonal organization of eleven different performances of six different variants of zär, performed Ethnomusicological by singers from different villages. For some of the performances, we Field Recordings observe a strong gradual pitch rise of up to 100 cents per minute. The intra-variant differences in the performances of different groups of singers were observed to be remarkably different, including the use of significantly different harmonic tuning systems. In contrast, two subsequent performances of the Mest’ia variant of zär by a group of singers recorded in Zargǟsh were essentially identical. This demonstrates the widespread absence of improvisational elements in these two performances. One of the most interesting results of our analysis is the observation that the musical structure of zär, expressed, for example, in its ambitus, the complexity of its melodic progression, and its harmonic chord inventory, change systematically along the course of the Enguri valley. -
4 Issue: 2 December 2020 Masthead
Trabzon University e-ISSN: 2618-5652 State Conservatory Vol: 4 Issue: 2 December 2020 Masthead Musicologist: International Journal of Music Studies Volume 4 Issue 2 December 2020 Musicologist is a biannually, peer-reviewed, open access, online periodical published in English by Trabzon University State Conservatory, in Trabzon, Turkey. e-ISSN: 2618-5652 Owner on behalf of Trabzon University State Conservatory Merve Eken KÜÇÜKAKSOY (Director) Editor-In-Chief Abdullah AKAT (İstanbul University – Turkey) Deputy Editor Merve Eken KÜÇÜKAKSOY (Trabzon University – Turkey) Technical Editor Emrah ERGENE (Trabzon University – Turkey) Language Editor Marina KAGANOVA (Colombia University – USA) Editorial Assistant Uğur ASLAN (Trabzon University – Turkey) Contacts Address: Trabzon Üniversitesi Devlet Konservatuvarı Müdürlüğü, Fatih Kampüsü, Söğütlü 61335 Akçaabat/Trabzon, Turkey Web: www.musicologistjournal.com Email: [email protected] All rights reserved. The authors are responsible for all visual elements, including tables, figures, graphics and pictures. They are also responsible for any scholarly citations. Trabzon University does not assume any legal responsibility for the use of any of these materials. ©2017-2020 Trabzon University State Conservatory Editorial Board Alper Maral Ankara Music and Fine Arts University – Turkey Caroline Bithell The University of Manchester – UK Ekaterine Diasamidze Tbilisi State University – Georgia Elif Damla Yavuz Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University – Turkey Erol Köymen The University of Chicago – USA -
E-Books in the Literary Field
A Book is a Book is a Book?! – E-Books in the Literary Field Sandra van Lente E-books and e-readers are selling well, their market share has been rising in the last couple of years in the UK (and in Germany). The discussions about these developments often turn into heated, emotional debates. This article offers an overview of the e-book market with spotlights on selected facts, developments, and controversies. E-books sell. According to Nielsen, e- books accounted for 29% of book sales in 2015 (first quarter).1 E-books have become an important factor for pub- lishers, authors and booksellers alike – for some it seems to be more of a threat at present, for others an opportunity. E- books and e-publishing are surrounded by heated and very emotional debates, ranging from content to pricing and culminating in consecration. This arti- cle introduces selected facts, figures and examples and hopes to take some of the emotion out of this field. Screenshot from Foyles’ e-book store Who Makes and Sells E-Books? The Bookseller describes Amazon as as a publisher. set up their own e-book stores and cre- the market leader in e-book retailing2, Publishers and bookshops, indies as ated their own e-readers. When Amazon as probably the biggest player world- well as chains, are facing difficult times. asked bookshops whether they wanted wide. While I could not find out more The Bookseller reports that 73 independ- to stock kindle readers for a 10% com- on their exact (e-book) market share, I ent bookshops closed in 2012, while mission on e-book sales bought -
Henry Sotheran Rare Books and Prints
Food & Drink (& Parties) Food 1 Drink 16 Parties 34 HENRY SOTHERAN LIMITED 2 Sackville Street, Piccadilly London, W1S 3DP tel: 020 7439 6151 fax: 020 7434 2019 email: [email protected] website: www.sotherans.co.uk FOOD 3. BEATY-POWNALL, S. The “Queen” Cookery Books (14 Vols) London, Horace Cox, 1899-1904. £498 1. BAWDEN, Edward. Entertaining a La 14 vols. Small 8vo. Original beige cloth, decorated Carte: Edward Bawden and Fortnum and in red and black; some incidental water marks or Mason. Sparham: Mainstone Press . 2007. £98 stains to covers, and occasional browning to the interior, Vol V would seem to be missing the half 4to., original lime green cloth with paper label on title, though no sign of its removal. upper board. Copiously illustrated in colour Full set of 14 volumes, all First Editions. throughout. A mint copy in original publisher’s card box. First edition, limited edition of 1000 numbered copies. With an essay on the artist by Peyton Skipwith. Designed by Brian Webb. This delightful book celebrates the tercentenary of Fortnum & Mason with a collection of the advertising material Edward Bawden produced for this famous store: catalogues, brochures, order forms and envelopes all of which are today highly prized by collectors of Bawden’s work. 2. [BAWDEN, Edward] One Lump or Two. Tea, 4. BEETON, Mrs. Isabella. Mrs Beeton’s Twinings & Edward Cookery. London, Ward, Lock & Co. [1951] Bawden with Limericks by £98 A.J.A. Symons. Essay by 8vo. Beige cloth, with illustrated dust jacket; pp. Peyton Skipwith. Norwich. 256, black and white illustrative plates and drawings Mainstone Press .