MINING AND METALLURGY INSTITUTE BOR ISSN: 2334-8836 (Štampano izdanje) UDK: 622 ISSN: 2406-1395 (Online)

UDK: 551.49/.051(28)(282.1)(045)=111 DOI:10.5937/MMEB1502101V

Milka Vidović*, Vojin Gordanić*, Ivana Trajković*, Sanja Jovanić*

HYDROGEOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF GROUND AND SURFACE WATER IN THE NEOGENE - QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS**

Abstract

Geochemical investigations in order to identify the mineral deposits, as well as the sources of water supply of rural settlements included in the area of Bela Crkva, between the and the Karaš rivers, draining the Neogene and Quaternary sediments. During the prospecting, water samples were collected from surface water streams, springs, wells, drills, water reservoirs, as well as the samples of stream sediments and rocks. Hydrogeochemical investigations are of significance, where, in the water of Vrsac hills, elevated levels of radionuclides U, Ra and Rn, and other toxic elements were detected with values above maximum allowed concentrations for drinking water. The wells of rural households had in- creased levels of Fe and Mn, as well as the increased mineralization, conductivity, and nitrogen cycle. The concentration of heavy metals in water wells was increased in the most settlements around Bela Crkva, as well as in Češko Selo, Banatska , Kuštilj, Jablanka and Karaš river. From the water accumulations formed in the Quaternary sediments southwest from Bela Crkva, samples of water, mud, overbank sediments, and A-horizon were collected. The water samles were de- termined on: Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Al, NH4, NO3, SO4, HCO3, Cl, F, Ep, Eh, pH value, mineraliza- tion, Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, H2S, O2, CO2, U, Ra, Rn, As, Hg, Br. In the solid samples, Au, Ag, Pb, Zn, and other elements, as well as the content of 238U, 232Th and 40K were determined. Test results are presented in tables, diagrams, and hydrogeochemical maps. Keywords: hydrogeochemistry, prospecting, radioactivity, toxical elements, Neogene and Quater- nary sediments.

INTRODUCTION

The presence of uranium deposits in posed the need for research in Vršac-Bela Romania (Čudanovica Dobre), located in Crkva region, as a perspective area for the zone of Rešica-Moldava Nova, rela- discovering uranium deposits and other tively close to the border with im mineral materials (Figure 1).

* , Scientific Institution Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, De- partment for Ecology and Technoeconomics, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, e-mail: [email protected] ** This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Project OI 176018: “Geological and Ecotoxicological Research in Identifi- cation of Geopathogenic Zones of Toxic Elements in Drinking Water Reservoirs – Analysis of Met- hods and Procedures for Reduction the Effects of Biogeochemical Anomalies“)

No. 2, 2015 101 Mining & Metallurgy Engineering Bor

Figure 1 Location of research area of the in Serbia

The earliest studies dating back to the Pannonian plain. In morphogenic terms, it is 19th century (1880-1886) [1], when the first divided into three parts: sandstone west of geological map of the Vršac area, scale the Bela Crkva, plateau and river lake 1:144000, with explanation was made. The terrace while the lowest parts of terrain are most important data of studied area were presented as the alluvial plains. An aquifer is gathered during research of oil and gas formed in them with free level or so called which were synthesized and then used for the first aquifer, which is locally exploited creation of book interpreter for the map of through shallow wells for water supply or Bela Crkva 1:100000 [2, 3]. Researches irrigation. included numerous geological, hydrogeolog- ical, geophysical, geochemical investiga- METHODOLOGY tions. For the water supplying of Bela Crkva and surrounding rural settlements, in the Lithogeochemical, metalometric and area of Bela Crkva, the systematic - hydrogeochemical researches of the area of ing of chemical elements distribution in dif- Bela Crkva (Figure 1) were applied. Sam- ferent environments of geosphere was car- pling network was adjusted to the morpho- ried out, which is of special significance in logical and hydrographic characteristics of detecting the natural and anthropogenic in- the terrain. The surface flows and shallow fluence on living environment, and for de- and deeper aquifers were tested. fining the ecological status as well [4]. The In all water samples, contents of U, Eh, largest number of data was collected during pH and Ec were determined. In water with the regional research of nuclear materials in the increased content of uranium, and pH, the area of Vršač hills - Bela Crkva [5], dur- Eh and Ec changes, the complete chemical ing the preparation of maps geochemical- analyses were conducted: anion-cation com- ecological atlas 1:50000 [6]. The area of position, content of microelements and ra- Bela Crkva is located in the southeastern dioactive elements U, Ra and Rn, content of and presents the southeast end of the gases O2, CO2, H2S (Figure 2).

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Figure 2 Anion-Cation composition of water samples from the area of Bela Crkva

For determining the metal content in wa- The formations are presented as puddle ter, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry alevrolites (Qab), aeolian loess (Ql), and was applied (AAS Perkin Elmer M-306). loess clays (Figure 2). These sediments were For other components in water solutions, created in continental conditions, and their colormetric, volumetric, potentiometric and origin is fluvial and aeolian. The thickness turbidometric methods were used. Uranium of Pleistocene in the Vršac area is about 30- was determined using the laser fluorimeter 60 m, and in the northern and western part UA of Canadian production of Scintrex reaches 100 m. Holocene is developed in company, with fluran as the characteristic morphologically the lowest parts of the ter- reagent. Radium concentrations were meas- rain (north and south from the Vršac hills) and along the beds of smaller or bigger ured by radon detector RD-200 EDA, and rivers Nera and Karaš. The sediments have a radon concentrations were measured by heterogeneous composition and consist of: radon emanometer ETR-1 Scintrex, Canada. prolluvial suglines (Sg), debris of river ter- races (alevrolites and Qz sand) and alluvial- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION prolluvial creations (bed facies, floods with gravels, sand and alevrolites - Qa). The quaternary formations of Pleisto- In hydrogeological terms, the terrain has cene and Holocene cover about 70% of total a complex geological structure in the north- area included within regional research of ern part from Bela Crkva (Vršac hills) the uranium in the area Vršac - Bela Crkva. The terrain is composed of old rock masses: terrain is made of Quaternary formations of granites, gneisses, albite-muscovite schists, fluvial and aeolian origin which were depos- and on the other side of Bela Crkva area the ited at the time when Pannonian Basin be- terrain is composed of a thick strata of the came mainland, with rivers, lakes and pud- Tertiary and Quaternary sediments. The dles. position of rock masses and the character of

No. 2, 2015 103 Mining & Metallurgy Engineering Bor porosity in them caused formation of differ- the rivers Nera and Karaš. In the area of rent types of aquifers in that part of the te- Bela Crkva and wider (Vršac hills) in the rrain. In terms of structure, the structural phase of hydrogeochemical prospection, the elements are significant which extend in the samples of water were collected from sur- NE-SW direction, and in that direction, the face flows, spring wells and lakes. Accor- surface flows that drain this area are deve- ding to the anioncation composition, water loped. In deeper parts of the terrain there are belongs to the hydrocarbonate type (Fi- no accumulations of free underground water, gure 2). so the faults which intersect the terrain do According to the presence of cations, not have higher hydrogeological signifi- calcium and magnesium prevail in water, cance. which classifies it as calc-magnesium (Ca- The underground water is mainly HCO3- Mg), and magnesium-calcium (Mg-Ca) type Ca-Mg type, with low mineralization (about of water. Among other cations, Na+ K are 0,4-0,5 g/L), pH neutral and moderately present but in considerably smaller quantity. hard; it is contained in an open hydrogeolog- Mineralization varies within the interval of ical structure, where there is an intense water 138 mg/L - 4557 mg/L in Vršac hills. The exchange, so the contents of certain chemi- concentration of hydrogen ions varies from cal components are subjected to the time 5.5 to 7.9 so this water can be classified as changes. Free aquifer of compact type was weakly acidic to slightly alkaline. The redox formed on the entire expanse of alluvial-lake potential (Eh) was determined in every water sediments. This aquifer was developed in the alluvial plain of the rivers Karaš and Nera, sample. On the basis of Eh values, we can then in the sand which is locally contained at conclude that water is mostly located in oxi- different depth [7]. Depth to groundwater is dizing conditions. The Eh values are within mainly 5-10 m, and on smaller expanse the interval from -65 mV to +190 mV. depth varies above and beneath this value. Contents of microelements vary in the Hydroisopleths of the first aquifer mainly interval for: Mo from 1-14 ppb, =2ppb, follow the isopleths of the terrain and point Li from 3-60 ppb, =5 ppb, Sr from to the directions of underground water 30 - 3250 ppb, =300 ppb, Zn from 3 - drainage that is towards the erosive basin of 3800 ppb, =13 ppb (Figure 3).

Figure 3 Hydrogeochemical map of microelements content

No. 2, 2015 104 Mining & Metallurgy Engineering Bor The increased contents of Li are caused water [8], has classified this water in the by the vicinity of granite intrusion in Vršac III/IV category and water from the lakes is hills, zone of fine grained gneisses with classified in the I and II category. The nitro- leptinolites, aplites and strings of pegmatite. gen cycle is intense but content of nitrates Clay materials in the sediments of Bela does not exceed the MAC value. None of Crkva, unlike other alkaline elements (Lithi- the samples detected hydrogen-sulfide as a um, Rubidium, Cesium) absorb weakly Sr. product of anareobic decomposition, which Since its ion has a large radius, it cannot be means that there is no process of rotting and absorbed into compact structure of clay decay. This water by its composition is cal- minerals with the exception of multistrata cium-sulphate, and by mineralization mainly structure of monmorionites. The increased belongs to water of the I category that is the content of Sr is related to hydrocarbonate II category [9]. It is important to point out water which probably originate from granite that this water by the content of heavy me- intrusion. Anomalous concentrations of U, tals can be classified as water of the I/II cate- Ra and Rn in water can be found in the gory according to the mentioned regulation. Vršac hills area. The increased content of ammonia and In the Bela Crkva area, inlcuding water nitrates gives a bad bacteriological image. In accumulations of lakes: Vračarev Gaj, Šaran most wells there is an increased content of lake, Bager lake, Veliko lake, the water Fe and Mn which is a characteristic of un- analysis showed that water has slightly alka- derground water in this area, so water from line character. Concentration of ammonium certain wells shown in the hydrogeoche- ion, according to maximum allowed concen- mical map (Figure 4) cannot be used for tration (MAC) of dangerous substances in drinking [10].

Figure 4 Geoecological map of chemical content above maximum allowable concentration (MAC)

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CONCLUSION

In the phase of regional semi-detail [3] M. Rakić, Interpreter for the Geo- and detail researches in the region of Bela logical Map of Bela Crkva 1:100000, Crkva and Vršac hills, the aquifer level Geological Institute, Belgrade, was defined for water supply of rural set- , 1978; tlements. [4] V. Marinković, Lj. Obradović, M. Bu- During the hydrogeochemical prospec- garin, G. Stojanović, The Impact of tion, in every sample of water from surface Polluted Wastewater on Water flows, spring wells, and borings, complete Quality of the Bor River and Sur- chemical analyses were performed, which rounding Groundwater, Mining and are relevant for researching the mineral ma- Metallurgy Engineering Bor, 3 (2014), terials deposits, and they present a base for 33-36; the assessment of the influence of geological [5] D. Purić, V. Gordanić, Report on composition on the living environment. In Regional Studies of Nuclear Materials the area of Bela Crkva, anomalous concen- in the Area of Vršac Hills - Bela trations of elements in water of rivers Karaš Crkva, Fund of Expert Documentation, and Nera and other water points are evident Geoinstitute, Belgrade, Yugoslavia, and they are a consequence of anthropogenic 1981; influence of excessive pollution from which [6] V. Gordanić, D. Jovanović, Geoche- the geoecological maps were done. mical-geoecological Atlas 1:50000, Presented results of chemical analyses Fund of Expert Documentation, of water, aquifer type and water quality of Geoinstitute, Belgrade, Serbia, 2007; selected water points in rural settlements, represent a basis in spatial planning and [7] M. Vidović, V. Gordanić, Hydro- living environment protection. geological-Geochemical Characte- ristics of Groundwater in East Banat, REFERENCES Pannonian Basin, Serbia, Chapter 5 In: Hydrogeology – A Global Perspective, Edited by Gholam A. Kazemi, , [1] J. Halavats, Geological Conditions of , InTech, 2012, pp. 161-179; Vršac Varoš, Journal Povesnica of free royal varoš Vršac, Pančevo, Kingdom [8] Regulation on Dangerous Substances of Yugoslavia, 1886, pp. 219-221; in Water, Official Gazette of the [2] B. Aksin, Theoretical Problems of Republic of Serbia No. 31/82, Classification of Oil and Gas Deposits, Belgrade, Yugoslavia, 1982; its Significance with Special Reference [9] Regulation on Water Classification, to the Deposits of Banat; Special Official Gazette of the Republic of Edition Institute for Geological and Serbia No. 5/68, 1968; Geophysical Researches, Book 15, [10] Official Gazette SRY 42/98, Belgrade, Belgrade, Yugoslavia, 1967; Yugoslavia, 1998.

No. 2, 2015 106 Mining & Metallurgy Engineering Bor INSTITUT ZA RUDARSTVO I METALURGIJU BOR ISSN: 2334-8836 (Štampano izdanje) UDK: 622 ISSN: 2406-1395 (Online)

UDK: 551.49/.051(28)(282.1)(045)=163.41 DOI:10.5937/MMEB1502101V

Milka Vidović*, Vojin Gordanić*, Ivana Trajković*, Sanja Jovanić*

HIDROGEOHEMIJSKA ISPITIVANJA KVALITETA PODZEMNIH I POVRŠINSKIH VODA U NEOGENIM – KVARTARNIM SEDIMENTIMA**

Izvod

Geološko-geohemijska istraživanja u cilju identifikacije ležišta mineralnih sirovina, kao i izvorišta za vodosnabdevanje ruralnih naselja obuhvatila su područje Bele Crkve, između reka Nere i Karaša, koje dreniraju sedimente Neogena i Kvartara. U toku prospekcije, prikupljeni su uzorci voda iz površinskih tokova, izvora, bunara, bušotina, vodenih akumulacija, potočnih sedimenata i uzorci stena. Značajna su hidrogeohemijska ispitivanja, u kojima su u vodama otkriveni povišeni sadržaji radionuklida U, Ra i Rn u području Vršačkih , kao i drugih toksičnih elemenata, čije su vrednosti iznad maksimalno dozvoljenih u vodi za piće. U bunarima seoskih domaćinstava povećani su sadržaji Fe, Mn, a povećani su i mineralizacija, provodljivost i azotni ciklus. Koncentracija teških metala u bunarskim vodama je povećana u većini naselja oko Bele Crkve kao i u naseljima Češko selo, Banatska Subotica, Kuštilj, Jablanka kao i reka Karaš. Od vodenih akumulacija nastalih u kvartarnim sedimentima JZ od Bele Crkve; prikupljeni su uzorci voda muljevite komponente s dna jezera, overbank sedimenata i A-horizonta. U uzorcima voda određivani su : Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Al, NH4, NO3, SO4, HCO3, Cl, F, Ep, Eh, pH, mineralizacija, Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, H2S, O2, CO2, U, Ra, Rn, As, Hg, Br, u čvrstim uzorcima Au, Ag, Pb, Zn, U i dr. elementi, kao i sadržaji U, Th i 40K. Rezultati ispitivanja prikazani su: tabelama dijagramima i hidrogeohemijskim kartama. Ključne reči: hidrogeohemija, prospekcija, radioaktivnost, toksični elementi, sedimenti neogena i kvartara

UVOD

Prisustvo uranskih ležišta u Rumuniji nametnula su potrebu za istraživanjem (Čudanovica Dobre), koja se nalaze u zoni regiona Vršac - Bela Crkva, kao perspe- Rešica - Moldava Nova, na relativno ktivnog područja za otkrivanja ležišta urana bliskom rastojanju od granice sa Srbijom, i drugih mineralnih sirovina (Slika 1).

* Univerzitet u Beogradu, Naučna ustanova Institut za hemiju, tehnologiju i metalurgiju,Centar za ekologiju i tehnoekonomiku, Njegoševa 12, Beograd, e-mail: [email protected] **Ovaj rad je realizovan uz podršku Ministarstva prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije (projekat OI 176018: „Geološka i ekotoksikološka istraživanja u identifikaciji geopatogenih zona toksičnih elemenata u akumulacijama vode za piće– istraživanje metoda i postupaka smanji- vanja uticaja biogeohemijskih anomalija“)

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Sl. 1. Lokacija istraživanog područja Panonskog basena u Srbiji

Najranija istraživanja datiraju iz vremena peščaru, zapadno od Bele Crkve, Lesnu 19. veka (1880-1886. god.), kada je urađena zaravan i rečno jezersku terasu, a najniži prva geološka karta okoline Vršca u razmeri delovi terena predstavljeni su aluvijalnim 1:144000 sa tumačem [1]. Najvažniji podaci ravnima. U njima je formirana izdan sa o ispitivanom području dobijeni su prilikom slobodnim nivoom ili takozvana prva izdan, istraživanja nafte i gasa, koji su korišćeni za koja se lokalno eksploatiše preko plitkih izradu tumača za List Bela Crkva 1:100000 kopanih bunara za vodosnabdevanje ili [2, 3]. Istraživanjima su obuhvaćena brojna navodnjavanje. ispitivanja iz oblasti geologije, hidrogeolo- gije, geofizike, geohemije i dr. Za potrebe METODOLOGIJA vodosnabdevanja Bele Crkve i okolnih ru- ralnih naselja, u ovom području Bele Crkve Litogeohemijska, metalometrijska i izvršeno je sistematsko praćenje distribucije hidrogeohemijska ispitivanja su primenjena hemijskih elemenata u različitim sredinama u fazi regionalnih istraživanja na području geosfere, što je od posebnog značaja za Bele Crkve (Slika 1). Morfološkim i hidro- praćenje prirodnog i antropogenog uticaja na grafskim karakteristikama terena prilago- životnu sredinu i definisanje ekološkog đena je mreža uzorkovanja. Ispitivani su statusa [4]. Najveći broj podataka prikupljen površinski tokovi plitke i dublje izdani. je za regionalnih istraživanja nuklear- U svim uzorcima voda određeni su nih sirovina na području Vršačkih bregova- sadržaji U i vrednosti Eh, pH i Ep. U voda- Bele Crkve [5], odnosno tokom izrade ma sa povišenim sadržajem urana, prome- geohemijskog-ekološkog atlasa 1:50000 [6]. nama pH, Eh i Ep urađene su kompletne Područje Bele Crkve nalazi se u jugo- emijske analize voda, i to: anjonsko-kat- istočnom Banatu i predstavlja krajnji jonski sastav vode, sadržaj mikro-elemenata jugoistočni deo Panonske nizije. U morfo- i radioaktivnih elemenata U, Ra i Rn, sadržaj genom smislu podeljeno je na tri celine: gasova O2, CO2, H2S (Slika 2).

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Sl. 2. Anjonsko-katjonski sastav uzoraka vode sa područja Bele Crkve

Za određivanje sadržaja metala u voda- Tvorevine su predstavljene barskim ma, primenjena je Atomsko Apsorpciona alevrolitima (Qab), eolskim lesom (Ql), spektrofotometrija (AAS Perkin Elmer M- lesoidnim glinama (Slika 2). Ovi sedimenti 306). Za ostale komponente, u vodenim su stvoreni u kontinentalnim uslovima, a rastvorima korišćene su kolorimetrijske, porekla su fluvijalnog i eolskog. Debljina volumetrijske, potenciometrijske i turbid- pleistocena u području Vršca je oko 30-60 metrijske metode. Uran je određivan po- m, a u severnom i zapadnom delu dostiže moću laserskog fluorimetra UA firme Scin- 100 m. Holocen je razvijen u morfološki trex kanadske proizvodnje, sa fluranom kao najnižim delovima terena (severno i južno karakterističnim reagensom. Koncentracije od Vršačkih brda) kao i duž korita manjih ili radijuma su merene pomoću radon detek- većih reka Nere i Karaša. tora RD-200 EDA, a koncentracije radona Sedimenti su heterogenog sastava i merene su emanometrom ETR-1 Scintrex, sastoje se od: barskih, proluvijalnih suglina Kanada. (Sg), drobina, rečnih terasa (alevriti i pes- kovi Qz) i aluvijalno-proluvijalnih tvorevina REZULTATI I DISKUSIJA (facija korita, plavina sa šljunkovima, peskovima i alevrolitima-Qa). Kvartarne tvorevine Pleistocena i Holo- U hidrogeološkom smislu teren je slo- cena, zahvataju oko 70% ukupne površine žene geološke građe. U severnom delu od obuhvaćene regionalnim ispitivanjima urana Bele Crkve (Vršačkih brda) izgrađen je od područja Vršac-Bela Crkva. Teren je izgra- starih stenskih masa – graniti, gnajsevi, đen od kvartarnih tvorevina, koje su fluvi- albitsko–muskovitski škriljci a sa druge stra- jalnog i eolskog porekla i taložene u vreme ne područje Bele Crkve debelih naslaga kada je Panonski basen postao kopno, sa tercijarnih i kvartarnih sedimenata. Položaj rekama, jezerima i barama. stenskih masa i karakter poroznosti u njima

Broj 2, 2015. 109 Mining & Metallurgy Engineering Bor uslovili su da se u tom delu terena formiraju U području Bele Crkve i šire (Vršačka izdani različitog tipa. Brda) u fazi hidrogeohemijske prospekcije, U strukturnom pogledu, značajni su prikupljeni su uzorci voda iz površinskih strukturni elementi pravca pružanja SI-JZ, te tokova izvora bunara i jezera. Prema anjon- su u tom smeru razvijeni površinski tokovi sko-katjonskom sastavu, vode pripadaju koji dreniraju ovo područje. U dubljim - hidrokarbonatnom tipu (Slika 2). Po zastup- vima terena nema akumulacija slobodnih ljenosti katjona, u vodama preovlađuju podzemnih voda, pa ni rasedi koji presecaju teren nemaju veći hidrogeološki značaj. kalcijum i magnezijum, što ih svrstava u kalcijsko-magnezijske (Ca-Mg), magne- Podzemne vode su pretežno HCO3-Ca- Mg tipa, slabomineralizovane (oko 0,4-0,5 zijsko-kalcijske (Mg-Ca) tipove voda. Od g/L), neutralne reakcije i umereno tvrde, ostalih katjona i znatno manjoj količini su koje se nalaze u otvorenoj hidrogeološkoj Na+K. Mineralizacija se kreće u intervalu strukturi, gde se vrši intenzivna vodozame- (138 mg/L do 4557 mg/L). U Vršačkim na, pa su i sadržaji pojedinih hemijskih kom- brdima koncentracija vodonikovih jona ponenti podložni promenama u funkciji varira od 5,5 - 7,9, pa se ove vode mogu vremena. svrstati u grupu slabokiselih do slaboalkal- Slobodna izdan zbijenog tipa formirana nih voda. Oksidaciono redukcioni potencijal je na celom prostranstvu aluvijalno-jezerskih (Eh) određivan je u svakom uzorku vode. sedimenata. Ova izdan je razvijena u aluvijalnoj ravni reke Karaš i Nera, zatim u Na osnovu vrednosti Eh možemo zaključiti peskovima koji se lokalno nalaze na da se vode nalaze pretežno u oksidacionim različitoj dubini [7]. Dubina do podzemne uslovima. Vrednosti Eh, nalaze se u vode je pretežno 5-10 m, a na manjem intervalu od -65 mV do +190 mV. prostranstvu dubina varira iznad i ispod ove Sadržaji mikroelemenata variraju u inter- vrednosti. Hidroizohipse prve izdani uglav- valu za: Mo od 1-14 ppb, = 2 ppb, Li od nom prate izohipse terena i ukazuju na 3-60 ppb, = 5 ppb, Sr od 30-3250 ppb, pravce dreniranja podzemnih voda, odnosno = 300 ppb, Zn od 3 ppb – 3800 ppb, ka erozionom bazisu reke Nera i Karaš. = 13 ppb (Slika 3).

Sl. 3. Hidrogeohemijska karta sadržaja mikroelemenata

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Povećani sadržaji Li uslovljeni su bli- dozvoljenoj količini opasnih materija u zinom granitske intruzije u Vršačkim brdi- vodama [8] svrstava ovu vodu u kategoriju ma, zone sitnozrnih gnajseva sa leptino- III/IV, a vode iz Jezera u I i II kategoriju. litima, aplitima i žicama pegmatita. Glino- Izražen je azotni ciklus ali sadržaj nitrata ne viti materijali u sedimentima Bele Crkve, za prelazi maksimalno dozvoljenu vrednost. Ni razliku od drugih alkalnih elemenata (Liti- u jednom uzorku nije detektovan vodonik- jum, Rubidijum, Cezijum) slabo apsorbuju sulfid, kao proizvod anaerobnog raspadanja, Sr. Kako je njegov jon velikih razmera to ne što znači da nema procesa truljenja i raspa- može biti apsorbovan u zgusnutu strukturu danja. Ove vode su po svom sastavu uglav- glinovitih minerala, sa izuzetkom višeslojne nom kalcijum-sulfatne, a po mineralizaciji strukture monmorionita. Povišeni sadržaji Sr uglavnom pripadaju vodama I odnosno II vezani su za hidrokarbonatne vode i kategorije [9]. Bitno je istaći da se, i po verovatno vode poreklo od granitskog intru- sadržaju teških metala mogu svrstati u I/II ziva. Anomalne koncentracije U, Ra i Rn u kategoriju voda prema navedenoj uredbi. vodama nalaze se u području Vršačkih Brda. Povećani sadržaji amonijaka i nitrita U području Bele Crkve uključujući i daju lošu bakteriološku sliku. U većini vodene akumulacije jezera: Vračarev Gaj, bunara je povećan sadržaj Fe i Mn što je Jezero, Šaransko jezero, Bagersko jezero i karakteristika podzemnih voda ovog pod- Veliko Jezero, analize voda su pokazale da ručja, pa se voda iz pojedinih bunara prika- vode imaju slabo alkalan karakter. Koncen- zanih na hidrogeohemijskoj karti (Slika 4) tracija amonijum jona, prema maksimalno ne može koristiti kao voda za piće [10].

Sl. 4. Geoekološka karta hemijskih sadržaja preko maksimalno dozvoljene koncentracije (MDK)

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ZAKLJUČAK

U fazi regionalnih, poludetaljnih i [3] M. Rakić, Interpreter for the Geologi- detaljnih istraživanja, u region Bele Crkve i cal Map of Bela Crkva 1:100000, Geo- Vršačkih brda, definisan je nivo izdani za logical Institute, Belgrade, Yugoslavia, vodosnabdevanje ruralnih naselja. 1978. U toku hidrogeohemijske prospekcije, u [4] V. Marinković, Lj. Obradović, M. Bu- svakom uzorku vode: površinskih tokova, garin, G. Stojanović, Uticaj zagađenih izvora, bunara i bušotina, urađene su he- otpadnih voda na kvalitet vode Borske mijske analize od značaja za istraživanje reke i okolnih podzemnih voda, Min- ležišta mineralnih sirovina, a koje čine ing and Metallurgy Engineering Bor, 3 osnovu u proceni uticaja geološkog sastava (2014), 37-40. na životnu sredinu. U području Bele Crkve, [5] D. Purić, V. Gordanić, Report on evidentne su anomalne koncentracije eleme- Regional Studies of Nuclear Materials nata u vodama reke Karaš i Nere i drugih in the Area of Vršac hills - Bela Crkva, vodopunktova, koje su posledica antro- Fund of Expert Documentation, Geoins- pogenog uticaja prekograničnog zagađenja, titute, Belgrade, Yugoslavia, 1981. na osnovu čega su urađene geološke karte. Prikazani rezultati hemijskih analiza [6] V. Gordanić, D. Jovanović, Geoche- voda, tip izdani i kvalitet voda izabranih mical-geoecological Atlas 1:50000, vodopunktova u ruralnim naseljima čine Fund of Expert Documentation, Geo- osnovu u prostornom planiranju i zaštiti institute, Belgrade, Serbia, 2007. životne sredine. [7] M. Vidović, V. Gordanić, Hydrogeo- logical-Geochemical Characteristics of LITERATURA Groundwater in East Banat, Pannonian Basin, Serbia, Chapter 5 In: Hydroge- [1] J. Halavats, Geological conditions of ology – A Global Perspective, Edited Vršac varoš, Journal Povesnica of Free by Gholam A. Kazemi, Rijeka, Croa- Royal Varoš Vršac, Pančevo, King- tia, InTech, 2012, str. 161-179. dom of Yugoslavia, 1886, str. 219-221. [8] Regulation on Dangerous Substances [2] B. Aksin, Theoretical Problems of in Water, Official Gazette of the Re- Classification of Oil and Gas Deposits, public of Serbia No. 31/82, Belgrade, its Significance with Special Reference Yugoslavia, 1982. to the Deposits of Banat; Special Edi- [9] Regulation on Water Classification, tion Institute for Geological and Geo- Official Gazette of the Republic of physical Researches, Book 15, Bel- Serbia No. 5/68, 1968. grade, Yugoslavia, 1967. [10] Officiale gazette SRJ 42/98, Belgrade, Yugoslavia, 1998.

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