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Evaluación De Las Áreas Marinas Protegidas En México

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Evaluación De Las Áreas Marinas Protegidas En México INSTITUTO POLITECNICO NACIONAL CENTRO INTERDISCIPLINARIO DE CIENCIAS MARINAS EVALUACIÓN DE LAS ÁREAS MARINAS PROTEGIDAS EN MÉXICO TESIS QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS MARINAS PRESENTA MÓNICA GEORGINA RIVERA LA PAZ, B.C.S., DICIEMBRE DE 2011 SIP-14 INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA DE INVESTIGACiÓN Y POSGRADO ACTA DE REVISIÓN DE TESIS En la Ciudad de La Paz, B.C.S., siendo las 12:00 horas del día 29 del mes de --------~------ Noviembre del __ 2011 se reunieron los miembros de la Comisión Revisora de Tesis designada por el Colegio de Profesores de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de CICIMAR para examinar la tesis titulada: "EVALUACiÓN DE LAS ÁREAS MARINAS PROTEGIDAS EN MÉXICO" ----------------._~._-_.._-~.._-­--- Presentada por el alumno: RIVERA MÓNICA GEORGINA Apellido paterno materno nOmbre(j Con registro: ,-._~-,-I_o--,-_s----,_o--,-I_0--,-:_s----'I'----4--' Aspirante de: DOCTORADO EN CIENCIAS MARINAS Después de intercambiar opiniones los miembros de la Comisión manifestaron APROBAR LA DEFENSA DE LA TESIS. en virtud de que satisface los requisitos señalados por las disposiciones reglamentarias vigentes. LA COMISION REVISORA Director de Tesis ANUEL JESÚS ZETINA REJÓN DR. GUSTAVO DANIEL DANEMANN INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARíA DE INVESTIGACiÓN Y POSGRADO CARTA CESiÓN DE DERECHOS En la Ciudad de ..... ~~...~.~~.'.. 'I:I.:~~~~, el día 30 del mes Noviembre del año 2011 el (la) que suscribe MC. MÓNICA GEORGINA RIVERA alumno(a) del Programa de DOCTORADO EN CIENCIAS con número de registro A080084 adscrito al ~~.~!.~º IN!~.~PJ~~~"",~I~~RIºº~!=~~~I~~!'-f~~I~AS manifiesta que es autor (a) intelectual del presente trabajo de tesis, bajo la dirección de: DR. PABLO DEL MONTE LUNA y cede los derechos del trabajo titulado: "EVALUACiÓN DE LAS ÁREAS MARINAS PROTEGIDAS EN MÉXICO" al Instituto Politécnico Nacional, para su difusión con fines académicos y de investigación. Los usuarios de la información no deben reproducir el contenido textual, gráficas o datos del trabajo sin el permiso expreso del autor y/o director del trabajo. Éste, puede ser obtenido escribiendo a la sig u iente dirección: mEiYE.!!a()? O()Jg:J5,!!la.!I:!!lx_-_J?~E.!I_!!l()~~~líWgrrl.a..!.I.:.~?m Si el permiso se otorga, el usuario deberá dar el agradecimiento correspondiente y citar la fuente del mismo. Me. MÓNICA GEORGINA RIVERA nombre y firma DEDICATORIA A mi hijo y mi esposo A mi madre A mis hermanos AGRDECIMIENTOS En primera instancia he de agradecer Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas del I.P.N. en donde he recibido la educación de posgrado. Al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología y el Programa Institucional de Formación de Investigadores por el apoyo financiero para realizar esta investigación. Al personal de CICIMAR del que más apoyo he recibí el Dr. Humberto Ceseña y Cesar gracias por facilitarme los engorrosos trámites. A mi comité tutorial en primera instancia a Pablo del Monte por guiarme y aventurarse conmigo en este gran reto. A Gustavo Danemann, Manuel Zetina, Francisco Arreguín y Daniel Lluch Belda que estuvieron ahí y monitorearon el desarrollo del presente trabajo. A familia de quien siempre recibí apoyo y comprensión, mi hijo que me salvo de perderme y cada día me ayudaba a regresar al mundo real, aunque tal vez no le quede muy claro él sabía que tenía que hacer “mis oraciones”. Mi de quien recibí apoyo incondicional y de existir se llevaría la medalla al mérito del esposo de estudiante doctoral. A mi hermana y su esposo con quienes se que cuento siempre. A mis hermanos que desde la distancia y con su ejemplo han indicado el camino. Y por último a mi madre esa señora fuerte y valerosa a quien debo lo que hoy soy. A mis amigas de ayer, hoy y siempre Rocío, Gaby Cruz, Jeanette y Machi con quienes he contado, cuento y sé que contaré gracias amigas. A los amigos con los que tuve el gusto de compartir este tiempo en CICIMAR mis compañeros del aula 6 con quienes proclastine tanto, Rebeca, Luís, Saúl, Ivan, Fito, Alfredo, Anhel, Itzel, Lorena, Miriam Arely y Miriam Juárez. Ya dejen de proclastinar y pónganse a trabajar! ÍNDICE GLOSARIO .................................................................................................................................................... iii LISTA DE TABLAS ...................................................................................................................................... vi LISTA DE FIGURAS .................................................................................................................................. viii LISTA DE ANEXOS ...................................................................................................................................... ix LISTA DE ACRÓNIMOS .............................................................................................................................. x RESUMEN ..................................................................................................................................................... xii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................. xiv INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................................................................... 1 ANTECENTES ................................................................................................................................................ 6 JUSTIFICACIÓN ......................................................................................................................................... 11 OBJETIVO GENERAL ................................................................................................................................ 12 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ................................................................................................................... 12 MATERIALES Y MÉTODO ....................................................................................................................... 13 1. DIAGNÓSTICO ...................................................................................................................................... 13 2. DESARROLLO DEL MODELO ............................................................................................................. 17 3. APLICACIÓN DEL MODELO DE EVALUACION EN AMP SELECTAS ............................................. 20 RESULTADOS .............................................................................................................................................. 21 1. DIAGNÓSTICO ...................................................................................................................................... 21 2. DESARROLLO DEL MODELO ............................................................................................................. 37 3. APLICACIÓN DEL MODELO DE EVALUACIÓN ................................................................................ 55 DISCUSIÓN ................................................................................................................................................... 62 1. DIAGNÓSTICO ...................................................................................................................................... 63 2. DESARROLLO DEL MODELO DE EVALUACIÓN .............................................................................. 77 3. APLICACIÓN DE LOS MODELOS DE EVALUACIÓN ........................................................................ 82 i COMENTARIOS FINALES ..................................................................................................................... 86 CONCLUSIONES ......................................................................................................................................... 88 BIBLIOGRAFIA ........................................................................................................................................... 90 ANEXOS ........................................................................................................................................................ 98 ii GLOSARIO Área Protegida: Un espacio geográfico claramente definido, reconocido, dedicado y manejado a través de medios legales u otros medios efectivos, para alcanzar la conservación a largo plazo de la naturaleza con sus servicios ecosistémicos y valores culturales (Dudley, 2008). Área Marina Protegida. Un espacio geográfico claramente definido en la zona intermareal o submareal, reconocido, dedicado y manejado a través de medios legales u otros medios efectivos para alcanzar la conservación a largo plazo de la naturaleza con sus servicios ecosistémicos y valores culturales (Dudley, 2008) Aprovechamiento sostentable: La utilización de los recursos naturales en forma que se respete la integridad funcional y las capacidades de carga de los ecosistemas de los que forman parte dichos recursos, por periodos indefinidos (Ley GEEPA, 2007) Conservación: La definición de conservación más frecuentemente utilizada y aceptada, fue presentada en 1980 por la UICN como “El manejo del uso humano de la biosfera para que rinda el máximo beneficio sostenible a las generaciones actuales, a la vez que mantiene el potencial necesario para las aspiraciones de futuras generaciones. La conservación abarca preservación, mantenimiento, utilización sostenible, restauración y el mejoramiento del ambiente natural” El concepto de conservación bajo el que se
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