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Journal of Threatened Taxa PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles OPEN ACCESS online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Short Communication Food habits of the Dusky-striped Squirrel Funambulus sublineatus (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae) Palassery Suresh Aravind, George Joe, Ponnu Dhanesh & Rajamani Nandini 26 February 2021 | Vol. 13 | No. 2 | Pages: 17827–17831 DOI: 10.11609/jot.6202.13.2.17827-17831 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors. Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 February 2021 | 13(2): 17827–17831 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.6202.13.2.17827-17831 #6202 | Received 21 May 2020 | Final received 22 November 2020 | Finally accepted 02 February 2021 SHORT COMMUNICATION Food habits of the Dusky-striped Squirrel Funambulus sublineatus (Mammalia: Rodenta: Sciuridae) Palassery Suresh Aravind 1 , George Joe 2 , Ponnu Dhanesh 3 & Rajamani Nandini 4 1–4 Indian Insttute of Science Educaton and Research Tirupat (IISER Tirupat), Andhra Pradesh 517507, India. 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected] Abstract: We report the frst observatons of feeding behaviour of Tamil Nadu (Menon 2014). No targeted studies exist on the Dusky-striped Squirrel Funambulus sublineatus in the Western the ecology and behaviour of this species, with only a Ghats. It was observed feeding on eight plant species, including four non-natve species. Feeding was observed in forests as well as in couple of opportunistc published records on feeding plantatons and agricultural habitats, indicatng the urgent need for habitats. Vivek et al. (2011) noted that this squirrel studies in such human-modifed landscapes. was ofen part of mixed-species bird focks, gleaning Keywords: Feeding behaviour, modifed landscape, Palani Hills, small on bark and fushing insects that were consumed by mammal, Western Ghats. insectvorous birds. Ganesh & Devy (2006) record infrequent predaton on fowers of Cullenia exarillata. An opportunistc record describes feeding on wild The Dusky-striped Squirrel (Funambulus sublineatus raspberry fruits Rubus fairholmianus (Data & Nandini Waterhouse, 1838) is a poorly studied small mammal, 2014). due to quick and cryptc behaviour that makes feld The current note presents the frst record of feeding observatons challenging (Data & Nandini 2014). This habits of the Dusky-striped Squirrel in the Western species of palm squirrel is endemic to the Western Ghats. These observatons are part of an ongoing study Ghats of southwestern India and Sri Lanka, and is on squirrels in the Upper Palani Hills (above 1,400m listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN owing to a declining contour), which is the easternmost spur of the Western populaton trend (Rajamani et al. 2008). Dissanayake Ghats biodiversity hotspot (Myers et al. 2000). The & Oshida (2012) propose that the Indian and Sri Lankan study area occurs in the Dindigul District in Tamil Nadu, populatons are split as distnct species, but for this note between 10.000–10.333N & 77.266–77.400E. The we follow the IUCN taxonomy, which is not updated. In terrain of the Upper Palanis is mountainous, comprising India, it has been recorded mostly in tropical evergreen grasslands interspersed with forest patches, categorized and moist deciduous forests of Karnataka, Kerala, and as southern montane wet temperate forests or “shola Editor: Giovanni Amori, CNR-Research Insttute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Rome, Italy. Date of publicaton: 26 February 2021 (online & print) Citaton: Aravind, P.S., G. Joe, P. Dhanesh & R. Nandini (2021). Food habits of the Dusky-striped Squirrel Funambulus sublineatus (Mammalia: Rodenta: Sciuridae). Journal of Threatened Taxa 13(2): 17827–17831. htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.6202.13.2.17827-17831 Copyright: © Aravind et al. 2021. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Funding: DST-SERB ECR, ECR/2016/002041. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. Acknowledgements: The work was funded by a DST-SERB ECR grant to RN. We are grateful to Tamil Nadu Forest Department for permissions. We thank the Kodaikanal Internatonal School and IISER Tirupat for support. We appreciate Ravi Kiran Arigela for helping with plant identfcaton, and V.V. Robin and his feld team for shared feld logistcs. We thank Sanjay Prasad, Harsha Kumar, Viral Joshi, Swat Udayaraj, Senan D’ Souza, Nivetha Murugesan, Jobin Varughese, Ritobroto Chanda, Harikrishnan C.P., and Suyesh Sawant for sharing sightng details and photographs, and all the Sciurid Lab members for their comments on the manuscript. 17827 J TT Food habits of Dusky-striped Squirrel Aravind et al. forests” by Champion & Seth (1968). Shola forests are of one or more animals feeding on the same food predominantly made up of stunted, branched, and source. Bouts ended when the animal moved out of dense crown trees which have rainforest origins (Davidar sight. While no data on the amount of food consumed et al. 2007). The dominant tree species are Syzygium were recorded, this method provides the diversity of densiforum, Magnolia nilagirica, Gordonia obtusa, food consumed (Paschoal & Galet 1995). Unique and Eurya japonica (Mathew 1962). Shola-grassland behaviours were recorded with a video camera, when habitats harbour high biodiversity (Robin & Nandini possible. 2012), but they have undergone signifcant habitat Dusky-striped Squirrels were encountered on 66 loss due to tmber plantatons, agriculture, and other occasions at 30 distnct locatons. Most sightngs were developmental actvites (Arasumani et al. 2018) (Figure of single animals, though on 12 occasions two animals 1). Prominent exotc species include Acacias, conifers, were sighted together, three animals on two occasions and Eucalyptus sp. (Mathew 1962). and four were sighted together three tmes (1.38 ± 0.76 Opportunistc records of feeding behaviour of SD). The age and sex of animals could not be determined. Dusky-striped Squirrels were noted during a systematc Twenty-one foraging bouts were recorded over the study landscape-level study on occurrence of sympatric period (Table 1). Squirrels were seen foraging on eight squirrel species on the plateau between January 2019 plant species from seven diferent plant families (Table and July 2019. Squirrels were located both by their calls 1). Almost 40% of the foraging observatons were of and movements. When a Dusky-striped Squirrel was Dusky-striped Squirrel feeding on the nectar of Lobelia seen feeding, we recorded details of behaviours untl leschenaultana, a natve understory shrub common the animal moved out of sight. The part of the plant along habitat ecotones (Image 1a). Over a fve–day consumed and the plant species were identfed. We period in February 2019, two to four individuals were characterised each feeding instance as a bout of actvity observed feeding on nectar, and not on any other fower Figure 1. Land-cover of Upper Palani Hills (Arasumani et al. 2018) with locatons of observed foraging bouts. 17828 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 February 2021 | 13(2): 17827–17831 Food habits of Dusky-striped Squirrel Aravind et al. J TT Table 1. Details of feeding behaviour of the Dusky-striped Squirrels in the Upper Palanis. Number of Number of squirrels in each Plant species Habitat Parts eaten Month eaten feeding bouts feeding bout Lobelia leschenaultana Timber Nectar February 8 4,2,2,2,1,1,2,2 (Campanulaceae) plantaton edge Erythrina variegata (Fabaceae) Agriculture Nectar January, March 4 1,4,1,1 Memecylon randerianum Shola forest Fruit June 2 2,1 (Melastomataceae) Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) Agriculture Fruit July 2 1,2 Shola forest Rubus elliptcus (Rosaceae) Fruit May 2 1,1 edge Timber Acacia mearnsii (Fabaceae) Seed February 1 1 plantaton Elaeocarpus tuberculatus Shola forest Bark June 1 1 (Elaeocarpaceae) Symplocus foliosa Shola forest Bark December 1 1 (Symplocaceae) parts. We confrmed that they were feeding on nectar similar to nectar-robbery seen in Swinhoe’s
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