DOCSLIB.ORG

Syllabi Book Viii

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Syllabi Book Viii 1 ISLAMIAH COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) VANIYAMBADI – 635 752 (AIDED & SELF FINANCE) SYLLABI BOOK VIII 9TH ACADEMIC COUNCIL MEETING (For the UG & PG Candidates Admitted from 2015- 2016 & PG Candidate Admitted from 2016-2017) st 21 JANUARY 2017 Islamiah college [Autonomous], BOS approved Syllabi UG [V & VI] PG [III & IV]-2017-2018 2 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH SYLLABUS For B.A.ENGLISH SEMESTERS – V & VI (UNDER NEW CBCS) Islamiah college [Autonomous], BOS approved Syllabi UG [V & VI] PG [III & IV]-2017-2018 3 SEMESTER-V HRS/ COURSE COURSE COURSE TITLE CREDIT WEE CODE NO K U5EN5001 ENGLISH PHONETICS 5 CC07 5 Objectives: Phonetics can be very useful for the students in any field of academics. Students majoring in English, education, psychology, sociology and political science benefit from studying phonetics. The prime and prominent role of studying phonetics is to learn about underlying principles of speech sounds and becoming aware of its many application. To learn phonics alphabets and combinations – To introduce to vowel sounds- To identify different branches of linguistics- To trace the historical development of linguistics. Unit – I 1. Elements of English language – Definitions (i) Phonology (ii) Morphology (iii) Syntax (iv) Meaning 2. Social, psychological and applied perspectives 3. Organs of Speech and their role Unit – II 1. Sounds of English language – Consonants – Vowels – Diphthongs. 2. Classification of Consonants – according to place of articulations – manner of articulation 3. Classification of Vowels 4. Classification of Diphthongs – closing diphthongs – centering diphthongs Unit – III 1. Syllable 2. Stress – word stress (Primary & Secondary) – Sentence stress. 3. Accent and rhythm in connected speech Unit - IV 1. Strong and weak form 2. Tone group (Breath group) 3. Intonation Unit – V Phonemic transcription: Individual Words – Sentences Reference books: 1. English Phonology: An Introdution. Heinz J. Giegerich (Pub: Cambridge) Islamiah college [Autonomous], BOS approved Syllabi UG [V & VI] PG [III & IV]-2017-2018 4 2. Elements of General Linguistics Dr. Sharad Rajimwale (Pub: Rama Brothers) 3. Elements of Linguistics and Phonetics Dr. Amresh Sharma (Pub: Ritu Publication, Jaipur) SEMESTER-V COURSE COURSE HRS/ COURSE TITLE CREDIT CODE NO WEEK U5EN5002 AMERICAN LITERATURE - II 5 CC07 5 Objectives: To understand nation’s unique culture – to understand different periods and movements – to understand how literature created national identity – to relate different works to each other – to understand political and social ideas. Unit I – Poetry a) Emily Dickinson- A Bird Came Down the Walk b) Robert Frost - Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening Unit II- Poetry a) R.W. Emerson- Brahma b) W. Whitman - O Captain, my Captain Unit III- Prose a) R.W. Emerson- The American Scholar b) H.D. Thoreau- What I Lived For Unit IV- Drama a) Eugene O‘Neil- The Emperor Jones Unit V- Fiction a) E. Hemingway- A farewell to Arms Reference books: 1. American Literature of the Nineteenth Century –An anthology, Eurasia Publishing House- New Delhi‘ 2. American Literature 1890-1965, an Anthology, Eurasia Publishing House, New Delhi. Islamiah college [Autonomous], BOS approved Syllabi UG [V & VI] PG [III & IV]-2017-2018 5 SEMESTER-V COURSE COURSE HRS/ COURSE TITLE CREDIT CODE NO WEEK U5EN5003 AMERICAN LITERARY HISTORY 5 CC07 5 Objectives: To introduce the learners to the early form of American Literature and acquaint the learners with the colonial impact on the American Literary History Unit I Colonial Literature – Captain John Smith; Political Writing – Samuel Adams, Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Paine Unit II One of the earliest American Novels –a struggle to find a unique American voice - William Hillbrown‘s The Power of Sympathy (1789) Unit III Unique American Style – Washington Irving, Edgar Alan Poe, Melville Unit IV Nineteenth Century Poetry – Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson Unit V Realism – Mark Twain (1835-1910), Henry James (1843-1916) SEMESTER-V COURSE COURSE HRS/ COURSE TITLE CREDIT CODE NO WEEK U5EN5004 INTRODUCTION TO LITERARY 5 CC07 5 CRITICISM Objectives: To acquaint learners with Classical background- to familiarize learners with dramatic traditions Unit I: CLASSICAL CRITICISM The Classical background- A brief introduction to Plato, Aristotle, Longinus, and Horace Aristotle‘s views on poetry and tragedy – key concept like mimesis, catharsis, Hamartia and anagnorises Unit II: MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE CRITICISM Sir Philip Sydney: Apology for Poetry (superiority of poetry over philosophy - objections to poetry and Sydney‘s answer) Islamiah college [Autonomous], BOS approved Syllabi UG [V & VI] PG [III & IV]-2017-2018 6 Unit III: NEO CLASSICAL CRITICISM John Dryden: An Essay of Dramatic Poesy (Dryden‘s defense of the English dramatic tradition – function of poetry – dramatic poetry) Unit IV: Alexander Pope: Essay on Criticism Unit V: Dr. Johnson: Preface to Shakespeare SEMESTER-V COURSE COURSE HRS/ COURSE TITLE CREDIT CODE NO WEEK U5EN5005 20TH CENTURYLITERATURE - I 2 CC07 4 Objectives: To achieve sense of the historical significance- to develop critical analysis- develops logical writing skills to write essays on literary topics- to develop them in literary debate. Unit – I Poetry W.B. Yeats: A Prayer for My Daughter Dylan Thomas: The Hunchback in the Park A.S. Housman: ‖The Carpenter‘s Son‖ Unit – II Poetry T.S. Eliot: The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock W.H. Auden: The Unknown Citizen Thom Gunn: Ted Hughes Unit – III Prose Sir James Jeans: Our Home in Space J.B.S Haldane: The Scientific Point of View Arnold Toynbee: ‖India‘s Contribution to world unity‖ Unit – IV Drama Synge: ‖The Playboy of the Western World‖ Unity – V Fiction Conrad: Lord Jim Green: Heart of the Matter. Islamiah college [Autonomous], BOS approved Syllabi UG [V & VI] PG [III & IV]-2017-2018 7 SEMESTER-V COURSE COURSE HRS/ COURSE TITLE CREDIT CODE NO WEEK U5EN5006 AFRICAN-AMERICAN 2 CC07 4 LITERATUTRE Objectives: Students will be acquainted with a scope of African American authors, poets and recognize their contributions to the contextual fabric of America. Students will explore many historical benchmarks within African American history such as slavery, the Reconstruction and the Civil Rights movement. UNIT I Introduction to African American Literature Short Biographies: Alice Walker (1944 – Present), James Weldon Johnson (1871 - 1938), Phillis Wheatley (1753 - 1784), James A. Emmanuel (1921 -2013) UNIT II & III The Native Son by Richard Wright (Novel) UNIT IV Come and Gone by Joe Turner (Play) UNIT V An Hymn to Humanity by Phillis Wheatley (1753 - 1784) - Poem Full Moon by Robert Hayden (1913 - 1980) - Poem SEMESTER-V COURSE COURSE HRS/ COURSE TITLE CREDIT CODE NO WEEK U5ENSB51 ENGLISH FOR COMPETITIVE 1 CC07 2 EXAMINATIONS - I Objectives: To make student proficient in writing letters in the field of management, administration, and defense. To inculcate the values and ethics of e-mail Unit I Essay- Definition- Types of Essays Unit II Letter writing –personal- official- Business letters forms Islamiah college [Autonomous], BOS approved Syllabi UG [V & VI] PG [III & IV]-2017-2018 8 Unit III Expansion Unit IV Paraphrasing Unit V E-mails- Ethics- Do‘s and don‘ts at the time of composing e-mails, e- mails structure Reference books: a) ‗English for Competitive examination‘ by Rajul Bhargava, Macmillan publishers. b) English for Competitive examinations by V. Saeaswathi, Emerald Pub. SEMESTER-VI COURSE COURSE HRS/ COURSE TITLE CREDIT CODE NO WEEK U5EN6001 JOURNALISM AND MASS 5 CC07 5 COMMUNICATION Objectives: To teach the learners how to expose serious misdemeanor- to teach health and safety – to prevent learners from being mislead by statement or action. Unit I a) Principles of Journalism b) Social Responsibilities of the Press c) Functional of the journalistic medium as a part of Mass communication Unit II a) News: Introduction/Definition b) Elements of News c) The Inverted Pyramid style of news writing and the Five ‗W‘ and One ‗H Unit III a) Reporting, News value, human interest and story angle b) Writing features, opinion- editorials, personal columns, reviews etc., Unit IV a) Editorial Writing b) Letters to the Editor c) Art of interviewing, Crime reporting, Sports reporting Islamiah college [Autonomous], BOS approved Syllabi UG [V & VI] PG [III & IV]-2017-2018 9 Unit V A) Role of the Editor B) Duties of the news Editor C) Functions of the Sub-editor D) Characteristics of a Reporter Reference books a) Rangaswami Parthasarthy- Basic Journalism, Macmillan Publishers, Chennai. b) B.N. Ahuja: Theory and practice of journalism, Surjeeth publishers c) Pathanjali Sethi- Professional Journalism, New Orient Longman, Bombay SEMESTER-VI COURSE COURSE HRS/ COURSE TITLE CREDIT CODE NO WEEK U5EN6002 20TH CENTURYLITERATURE - II 5 CC07 5 Objectives: To achieve sense of the historical significance- to develop critical analysis- develop logical writing skills to write essays on literary topics- to develop them in literary debate. Unit-I Poetry W.H. Auden: The Unknown Citizen D.H. Lawrence: Snake Unit-II Poetry T.S. Elliot: Journey of the Magi Thomas Hardy: The Darkling Thrown Unit-III: Prose W.R. Inge: Spoon Feeding Aldous Huxley: Selected Snobberies Unit-IV: Drama Galsworthy: Silverbox Unit-V: Fiction Kinglsy Arms: Lucky Jim Referemce Books: Nine Modern Poets, Ed. Black. Macmillan Islamiah college [Autonomous], BOS approved Syllabi UG [V & VI] PG [III & IV]-2017-2018 10 SEMESTER-VI COURSE COURSE HRS/ COURSE TITLE CREDIT CODE NO WEEK COMMON WEALTH U5EN6003 5 CC07 5 LITERATURE Objectives: To extend student’s knowledge of literature from common wealth countries – to give training in research methods – to develop writing skills – to provide foundation knowledge of those who intending to proceed to an M.A. English Unit I: Detailed poetry Derek Walcott- ‗The Ruins of a Great House‘ Unit II: Non-detailed poetry a) David Rubadiri- A Negro Labourer in Liverpool b) Margaret Atwood- Journey to the interior Unit III: Drama WoleSoyink- The lion and the jewel Unit IV: Prose Chiua Achebe- The Novelist as Teacher Unit V: Novel Margaret Atwood- Handmaid‘s Tale Reference Books: ‗An Anthology of commonwealth poetry‘, edited by C.D.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • M.Tech. BT ( R14 Regulations)
    M.Tech. BT ( R14 Regulations) CMR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (An Autonomous Institution) ACADEMIC REGULATIONS FOR M. TECH. (REGULAR) DEGREE COURSE Applicable for the students of M. Tech. (Regular) Course from the Academic Year 2014-15 and onwards The M. Tech. degree shall be conferred on candidates who are admitted to the program and who fulfil all the requirements for the award of the degree. 1.0 Eligibility for Admissions Admission to the above program shall be made subject to eligibility, qualification and specialization as prescribed by the State Government from time to time. 2.0 Award of M. Tech. degree 2.1 A student shall be declared eligible for the award of the M. Tech. Degree, if he pursues a course of study in not less than two and not more than four academic years. 2.2 A student, who fails to fulfill all the academic requirements for the award of the degree within four academic years from the year of his admission, shall forfeit his seat in M. Tech. course. 2.3 The student shall register for all 88 credits and secure all the 88 credits. 2.4 The minimum instruction days in each semester are 90. 2.5 The medium of instruction and examination shall be English. 3.0 A. Courses of Study The following specializations are offered at present for the M. Tech. course of study. 1. Bio-Technology 2. Embedded Systems 3. Power Electronics 4. Structural Engineering 5. Computer Science & Engineering 6. Machine Design and any other course as approved by the College/ University/AICTE from time to time.
    [Show full text]
  • Defining Natural Antibodies
    PERSPECTIVE published: 26 July 2017 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00872 Defining Natural Antibodies Nichol E. Holodick1*, Nely Rodríguez-Zhurbenko2 and Ana María Hernández2* 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Immunobiology, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States, 2 Natural Antibodies Group, Tumor Immunology Division, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba The traditional definition of natural antibodies (NAbs) states that these antibodies are present prior to the body encountering cognate antigen, providing a first line of defense against infection thereby, allowing time for a specific antibody response to be mounted. The literature has a seemingly common definition of NAbs; however, as our knowledge of antibodies and B cells is refined, re-evaluation of the common definition of NAbs may be required. Defining NAbs becomes important as the function of NAb production is used to define B cell subsets (1) and as these important molecules are shown to play numerous roles in the immune system (Figure 1). Herein, we aim to briefly summarize our current knowledge of NAbs in the context of initiating a discussion within the field of how such an important and multifaceted group of molecules should be defined. Edited by: Keywords: natural antibody, antibodies, natural antibody repertoire, B-1 cells, B cell subsets, B cells Harry W. Schroeder, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States NATURAL ANTIBODY (NAb) PRODUCING CELLS Reviewed by: Andre M. Vale, Both murine and human NAbs have been discussed in detail since the late 1960s (2, 3); however, Federal University of Rio cells producing NAbs were not identified until 1983 in the murine system (4, 5).
    [Show full text]
  • Instant Notes: Immunology, Second Edition
    Immunology Second Edition The INSTANT NOTES series Series Editor: B.D. Hames School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK Animal Biology 2nd edition Biochemistry 2nd edition Bioinformatics Chemistry for Biologists 2nd edition Developmental Biology Ecology 2nd edition Immunology 2nd edition Genetics 2nd edition Microbiology 2nd edition Molecular Biology 2nd edition Neuroscience Plant Biology Chemistry series Consulting Editor: Howard Stanbury Analytical Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 2nd edition Medicinal Chemistry Organic Chemistry 2nd edition Physical Chemistry Psychology series Sub-series Editor: Hugh Wagner Dept of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK Psychology Cognitive Psychology Forthcoming title Physiological Psychology Immunology Second Edition P.M. Lydyard Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London, UK A. Whelan Department of Immunology, Trinity College and St James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland and M.W. Fanger Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA © Garland Science/BIOS Scientific Publishers Limited, 2004 First published 2000 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Second edition published 2004 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or
    [Show full text]
  • Immunosenescence: a Key Player in Cancer Development Jingyao Lian1,2†, Ying Yue1,2,3†, Weina Yu1,2† and Yi Zhang1,2*
    Lian et al. J Hematol Oncol (2020) 13:151 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-020-00986-z REVIEW Open Access Immunosenescence: a key player in cancer development Jingyao Lian1,2†, Ying Yue1,2,3†, Weina Yu1,2† and Yi Zhang1,2* Abstract Immunosenescence is a process of immune dysfunction that occurs with age and includes remodeling of lymphoid organs, leading to changes in the immune function of the elderly, which is closely related to the development of infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignant tumors. T cell–output decline is an important feature of immunose- nescence as well as the production of senescence-associated secretory phenotype, increased glycolysis, and reactive oxygen species. Senescent T cells exhibit abnormal phenotypes, including downregulation of CD27, CD28, and upreg- ulation of CD57, killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G, Tim-3, Tight, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, which are tightly related to malignant tumors. The role of immunosenescence in tumors is sophisticated: the many factors involved include cAMP, glucose competition, and oncogenic stress in the tumor microenvironment, which can induce the senescence of T cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. Accordingly, these senescent immune cells could also afect tumor progression. In addition, the efect of immunosenescence on the response to immune checkpoint blocking antibody therapy so far is ambiguous due to the low participation of elderly cancer patients in clinical trials. Furthermore, many other senescence-related interventions could be possible with genetic and pharmacological methods, including mTOR inhibition, interleukin-7 recombination, and NAD + activation. Overall, this review aims to highlight the characteristics of immunosenescence and its impact on malignant tumors and immunotherapy, especially the future directions of tumor treatment through senescence-focused strategies.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) in Understanding Viral Immunology: Past, Present and Future
    Viruses 2012, 4, 2650-2669; doi:10.3390/v4112650 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 www.mdpi.com/journal/viruses Review Role of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) in Understanding Viral Immunology: Past, Present and Future Xin Zhou 1, Srividya Ramachandran 1, Margaret Mann 1 and Daniel L. Popkin 2,* 1 Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; E-Mails: [email protected] (X.Z.); [email protected] (S.R.); [email protected] (M.M.) 2 Department of Dermatology, Pathology, Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-216-368-0237; Fax: +1-216-844-8993. Received: 30 September 2012; in revised form: 18 October 2012 / Accepted: 24 October 2012 / Published: 29 October 2012 Abstract: Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a common infection of rodents first identified over eighty years ago in St. Louis, MO, U.S.A. It is best known for its application in immunological studies. The history of LCMV closely correlates with the development of modern immunology. With the use of LCMV as a model pathogen several key concepts have emerged: Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) restriction, T cell memory, persistent infections, T cell exhaustion and the key role of immune pathology in disease. Given the phenomenal infrastructure within this field (e.g., defined immunodominant and subdominant epitopes to all T cell receptor specificities as well as the cognate tetramers for enumeration in vivo) the study of LCMV remains an active and productive platform for biological research across the globe to this day.
    [Show full text]
  • Targeting Costimulatory Molecules in Autoimmune Disease
    Targeting costimulatory molecules in autoimmune disease Natalie M. Edner1, Gianluca Carlesso2, James S. Rush3 and Lucy S.K. Walker1 1Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK NW3 2PF 2Early Oncology Discovery, Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA 3Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland *Correspondence: Professor Lucy S.K. Walker. Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK NW3 2PF. Tel: +44 (0)20 7794 0500 ext 22468. Email: [email protected]. 1 Abstract Therapeutic targeting of immune checkpoints has garnered significant attention in the area of cancer immunotherapy, and efforts have focused in particular on the CD28 family members CTLA-4 and PD-1. In autoimmunity, these same pathways can be targeted to opposite effect, to curb the over- exuberant immune response. The CTLA-4 checkpoint serves as an exemplar, whereby CTLA-4 activity is blocked by antibodies in cancer immunotherapy and augmented by the provision of soluble CTLA-4 in autoimmunity. Here we review the targeting of costimulatory molecules in autoimmune disease, focusing in particular on the CD28 family and TNFR family members. We present the state-of-the-art in costimulatory blockade approaches, including rational combinations of immune inhibitory agents, and discuss the future opportunities and challenges in this field. 2 The risk of autoimmune disease is an inescapable consequence of the manner in which the adaptive immune system operates. To ensure effective immunity against a diverse array of unknown pathogens, antigen recognition systems based on random gene rearrangement and mutagenesis have evolved to anticipate the antigenic universe.
    [Show full text]
  • Immunology 101
    Immunology 101 Justin Kline, M.D. Assistant Professor of Medicine Section of Hematology/Oncology Committee on Immunology University of Chicago Medicine Disclosures • I served as a consultant on Advisory Boards for Merck and Seattle Genetics. • I will discuss non-FDA-approved therapies for cancer 2 Outline • Innate and adaptive immune systems – brief intro • How immune responses against cancer are generated • Cancer antigens in the era of cancer exome sequencing • Dendritic cells • T cells • Cancer immune evasion • Cancer immunotherapies – brief intro 3 The immune system • Evolved to provide protection against invasive pathogens • Consists of a variety of cells and proteins whose purpose is to generate immune responses against micro-organisms • The immune system is “educated” to attack foreign invaders, but at the same time, leave healthy, self-tissues unharmed • The immune system can sometimes recognize and kill cancer cells • 2 main branches • Innate immune system – Initial responders • Adaptive immune system – Tailored attack 4 The immune system – a division of labor Innate immune system • Initial recognition of non-self (i.e. infection, cancer) • Comprised of cells (granulocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells and NK cells) and proteins (complement) • Recognizes non-self via receptors that “see” microbial structures (cell wall components, DNA, RNA) • Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) • Necessary for priming adaptive immune responses 5 The immune system – a division of labor Adaptive immune system • Provides nearly unlimited diversity of receptors to protect the host from infection • B cells and T cells • Have unique receptors generated during development • B cells produce antibodies which help fight infection • T cells patrol for infected or cancerous cells • Recognize “foreign” or abnormal proteins on the cell surface • 100,000,000 unique T cells are present in all of us • Retains “memory” against infections and in some cases, cancer.
    [Show full text]
  • Biochemical Engineering)
    UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY SCHEME OF EXAMINATION B.TECH (BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING) Table of Contents FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION ......................................................................................................... 4 BA-109 Mathematics I .................................................................................................................................. 5 BA-111 Physics I .......................................................................................................................................... 6 BA-117 Organic Chemistry .......................................................................................................................... 7 HS-101 Communication Skills I ................................................................................................................... 8 BA-119* Impact of Science & Technology on Society ................................................................................ 9 IT-105 Introduction to Computers .............................................................................................................. 10 IT-107 Electrical Science ............................................................................................................................ 11 BA-163 Organic Chemistry Lab ................................................................................................................. 12 BA-153 Physics I Lab ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Quantitative Immunology for Physicists
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/696567; this version posted July 28, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Quantitative Immunology for Physicists Gr´egoireAltan-Bonnet,1, ∗ Thierry Mora,2, ∗ and Aleksandra M. Walczak2, ∗ 1Immunodynamics Section, Cancer & Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda MD 20892, USA 2Laboratoire de physique de l'Ecole´ normale sup´erieure (PSL University), CNRS, Sorbonne Universit´e,Universit´ede Paris, 75005 Paris, France Abstract. The adaptive immune system is a dynamical, self-organized multiscale system that protects vertebrates from both pathogens and internal irregularities, such as tumours. For these reason it fascinates physicists, yet the multitude of different cells, molecules and sub-systems is often also petrifying. Despite this complexity, as experiments on different scales of the adaptive immune system become more quantitative, many physicists have made both theoretical and experimental contributions that help predict the behaviour of ensembles of cells and molecules that participate in an immune response. Here we review some recent contributions with an emphasis on quantitative questions and methodologies. We also provide a more general methods section that presents some of the wide array of theoretical tools used in the field. CONTENTS A. Cytokine signaling and the JAK-STAT pathway 14 I. Introduction 2 1. Cytokine binding and signaling at equilibrium 15 II. Physical chemistry of ligand-receptor 2. Tunability of cytokine responses. 15 interaction: specificity, sensitivity, kinetics. 4 3. Regulation by cytokine consumption 17 A. Diffusion-limited reaction rates 4 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Immunology: Improving on Nature Review in the Twenty-First Century
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Cell, Vol. 100, 129±138, January 7, 2000, Copyright 2000 by Cell Press Immunology: Improving on Nature Review in the Twenty-First Century Abul K. Abbas* and Charles A. Janeway Jr.² notion at the time, one that challenged existing concepts *Department of Pathology of how proteins conformed to the shapes of other inter- University of California San Francisco School acting proteins. Nevertheless, the clonal selection the- of Medicine ory became the foundation for our understanding of the San Francisco, California 94123 specificity and development of immune responses. The ² Section of Immunobiology molecular understanding of how the diverse repertoire Yale University School of Medicine of antigen receptors is generated came with the studies New Haven, Connecticut 06520 of Susumu Tonegawa in the 1970s (Tonegawa et al., 1977). Based on this work, and its many subsequent refinements, it is now known that the antigen receptors Introduction of B and T lymphocytes are encoded by genes that are Immunology is the study of the body's defenses against produced by somatic recombination of gene segments infection. The birth of immunology as an experimental during maturation of the cells. The recombination pro- science dates to Edward Jenner's successful vaccina- cess is initiated by the RAG proteins, and presence of tion against smallpox in 1796 (Jenner, 1798). The world- RAG genes during phylogeny identifies the evolutionary wide acceptance of vaccination led to mankind's great- time of appearance of the adaptive immune system, est achievements in preventing disease, and smallpox which is just past the appearance of vertebrates (Agra- is the first and only human disease that has been eradi- wal et al., 1998; Hiom et al., 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • Histidine Rich Glycoprotein and Cancer: a Multi-Faceted Relationship
    ANTICANCER RESEARCH 34: 593-604 (2014) Review Histidine Rich Glycoprotein and Cancer: A Multi-faceted Relationship LISA D.S. JOHNSON1, HADI A. GOUBRAN2 and RAMI R. KOTB3,4 1Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada; 2Saskatoon Cancer Centre and College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; 3Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada; 4Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Abstract. A better understanding of the interplay between mice that had higher bacterial burden and higher levels of the the tumor environment, the immune system, and hemostatic pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 than wild-type mice apparatus is essential to effectively improve cancer after Streptococcus pyogenes challenge (8). The anti-fungal treatment. Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is an abundant properties of HRG, particularly at low pH, were demonstrated plasma protein with a wide array of functions. HRG has the in a mouse model of candidiasis in which HRG-deficient ability to bind multiple ligands thereby modulating mice were susceptible to infection and wild-type mice were immunity, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and thrombosis. resistant (9). Many of these functions are involved in tumor progression While the full spectrum of physiological roles of HRG is and antitumor response. We outline current data on HRG as not yet fully described, its importance in hemostasis and an important potential player and as a potential future angiogenesis, influence on tumor progression and metastasis target for cancer therapy. formation, and the antitumor immune response are gradually coming to light. The interactions of the tumor environment, the hemostatic apparatus, and anticancer immune control are of Structure and Isolation of HRG paramount importance in cancer development and outcome (1-4).
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of MYSORE Estd
    Tel. No. 2419677/2419361 e-mail : [email protected] Fax: 0821-2419363/2419301 www.uni-mysore.ac.in UNIVERSITY OF MYSORE Estd. 1916 Vishwavidyanilaya Karyasoudha Crawford Hall, Mysuru- 570 005 No.AC.2(S)/31/18-19 Dated: 24.07.2018 NOTIFICATION Sub: Minor modifications in the existing syllabus of M.Sc. Microbiology from the academic year 2018-19. Ref: 1. Decision of Board of Studies in Microbiology (PG) meeting held on 06.12.2017. 2. Decision of the Faculty of Science & Technology Meeting held on 21.04.2018. 3. Decision of Academic council meeting held on 19.06.2018. ***** The Board of Studies in Microbiology (PG) which met on 06.12.2017 has recommended to make minor modification in the syllabus of M.Sc. Microbiology from the academic year 2018-19. The Faculty of Science and Technology and Academic council meeting held on 21.04.2018 and 19.06.2018 respectively have approved the above said proposal and the same is hereby notified. The modified syllabus of M.Sc. Microbiology course is annexed. The contents may be downloaded from the University Website i.e., www.uni-mysore.ac.in. Draft approved by the Registrar Sd/- Deputy Registrar(Academic) To: 1. The Registrar (Evaluation), University of Mysore, Mysore. 2. The Dean, Faculty of Science & Technology, DOS in Physics, Manasagangotri, Mysore. 3. The Chairperson, BOS in Microbiology, DOS in Microbiology, Manasagangotri, Mysore. 4. The Chairperson, Department of Studies in Microbiology, Manasagangotri, Mysore. 5. The Director, College Development Council, Moulya Bhavan, Manasagangotri, Mysore. 6. The Deputy/Assistant Registrar/Superintendent, AB and EB, UOM, Mysore.
    [Show full text]