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Uy24-18915.Pdf Revisión taxonómica del género Tillandsia L. (Bromeliaceae) para Uruguay Tesis de Maestría en Biología, subárea Botánica PEDECIBA Andrés Rossado TUTORES Mauricio Bonifacino Sabina Donadío TRIBUNAL Eduardo Marchesi Primavera Izaguirre Ángeles Beri Universidad de la República Montevideo | Uruguay Marzo de 2018 Revisión taxonómica del género Tillandsia L. (Bromeliaceae) para Uruguay Tesis de Maestría en Biología, subárea Botánica PEDECIBA Andrés Rossado Toureilles TUTORES Mauricio Bonifacino Sabina Donadío TRIBUNAL Eduardo Marchesi Primavera Izaguirre Angeles Beri Universidad de la República Montevideo | Uruguay Marzo 2018 Tabla de contenidos Resumen ..............................................................................................................................................................................................4 Introducción ..................................................................................................................................................................................5 La familia Bromeliaceae ........................................................................................................................................................5 Tillandsia: diversidad, hábitat y clasificación ..........................................................................................................7 Flora y vegetación del Uruguay......................................................................................................................................8 La familia Bromeliaceae y el género Tillandsia en Uruguay ..................................................................... 9 Justificación y objetivos .........................................................................................................................................................9 Materiales y métodos ..........................................................................................................................................................13 Tratamiento taxonómico ................................................................................................................................................18 Tillandsia L. ...............................................................................................................................................................................18 Clave para la identificación de los subgéneros deTillandsia presentes en Uruguay ..................24 Clave de las especies de Tillandsia para Uruguay .............................................................................................25 Tillandsia subg. Aerobia Mez in C. DC. ..........................................................................................................28 Clave para la identificación de las especies deTillandsia subg. Aerobia presentes en Uruguay y regiones cercanas .................................................................................................................................29 1. Tillandsia arequitae (André) André ex Mez ..................................................................................................31 2. Tillandsia uruguayensis Rossado ............................................................................................................................37 3. Tillandsia xiphioides Ker Gawl. ..............................................................................................................................43 Tillandsia subg. Anoplophytum (Beer) Baker in G. Nicholson .....................................................49 Clave para la identificación de las especies deTillandsia subg. Anoplophytum presentes en Uruguay ......................................................................................................................................................49 4. Tillandsia aëranthos (Loisel.) L.B. Sm. ................................................................................................................50 5. Tillandsia ixioides Griseb. .........................................................................................................................................60 6. Tillandsia recurvifolia Hook. ...................................................................................................................................67 7. Tillandsia stricta Sol. ex Ker Gawl. in Sims ......................................................................................................73 Tillandsia subg. Diaphoranthema (Beer) Baker ...................................................................................... 79 Clave para la identificación de las especies deTillandsia subg. Diaphorantema presentes en Uruguay ......................................................................................................................................................80 8. Tillandsia bandensis Baker .......................................................................................................................................81 8a. Tillandsia bandensis subsp. bandensis Baker .........................................................................................82 8a. Tillandsia bandensis subsp. nov. ....................................................................................................................88 9. Tillandsia capillaris Ruiz & Pav. ...............................................................................................................................95 10. Tillandsia loliacea Mart. ex Schult. f. in Roem. & Schult. ....................................................................100 11. Tillandsia myosura Griseb. ex Baker ..............................................................................................................105 2 12. Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. .................................................................................................................................111 13. Tillandsia tricholepis Baker ................................................................................................................................119 14. Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. .................................................................................................................................124 15. Tillandsia virescens Ruiz & Pav. .......................................................................................................................130 Tillandsia subg. Phytarrhiza (Vis.) Baker in G. Nicholson ..............................................................136 16. Tillandsia duratii Vis. ...............................................................................................................................................137 Sin clasificar ..........................................................................................................................................................................143 17. Tillandsia geminifloraBrongn . ..........................................................................................................................143 Entidades excluidas de la flora uruguaya ...............................................................................................149 Agradecimientos ......................................................................................................................................................150 Literatura citada .....................................................................................................................................................................152 3 Resumen Se presenta la revisión taxonómica del género Tillandsia para Uruguay. Se examinó material de herbario, se estudiaron ejemplares vivos in situ y bajo cultivo, y se analizaron publicaciones originales y material tipo. Tillandsia en Uruguay está representado por 17 especies de hábito epífito o epilítico, agrupadas en cuatro subgéneros:Aerobia (3 spp.), Anoplophythum (4 spp.), Diaphoranthema (8 spp.), Phytarrhiza (1 sp.), y una especie aún sin clasificar (T. geminiflora). Dos de las especies de Tillandsia son endémicas del país (T. arequitae y T. uruguayensis) y dos son exóticas y espontáneas principalmente en la ciudad de Montevideo (T. capillaris y T. virescens). Nueve especies de Tillandsia fueron clasificadas como amenazadas para Uruguay. En el presente trabajo se describe una especie (T. uruguayensis) y una subespecie (T. bandensis subsp. nov) nuevas para la ciencia, se registran dos especies nuevas para el país (T. capillaris s.s. y T. loliacea) y se confirma la presencia de T. tricholepis como especie nativa de Uruguay. El tratamiento taxonómico incluye para cada especie sinónimos utilizados en Uruguay, descripciones morfológicas detalladas, datos sobre distribución y hábitat, fenología, estatus de conservación, observaciones, material examinado e imágenes. Se presentan claves dicotómicas y matriciales de identificación de subgéneros y especies deTillandsia presentes en Uruguay. 4 Introducción La familia Bromeliaceae Bromeliaceae Juss. está compuesta por 3554 especies, siendo la familia con mayor número de especies dentro de las familias de Angiospermas de distribución mayoritaria o exclusivamente neotropical (Gouda et al. continuamente actualizado). Su distribución abarca desde el sur de Estados Unidos hasta la Patagonia Argentina, con una única especie ocurriendo en el Este de África, y presenta tres centros de alta diversidad: la mata atlántica en Brasil; laderas andinas de Perú, Ecuador y Colombia; y México y la zona
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