Osservatorio ARTSAKH

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Osservatorio ARTSAKH K A R A B A K H . I T Osservatorio ARTSAKH Numero 3 maggio 2011 piccoli grandi passi Sommario: La risoluzione del 7 a- blemi del Cucaso non turca ed azera) un prile del Parlamento Eu- riguardano solo la spon- piccolo ma significativo Piccoli grandi passi 1 ropeo ha animato ancor da meridionale ma an- passo in avanti è stato Le ragioni del Karabakh 2 di più il dibattito politico che quella settentriona- fatto come peraltro è sia armeno che azero. le). anche sottolineato dal La liberazione di Shushi 3 In Armenia ed Artsakh si È pur vero, però, che passaggio sul la è gridato alla vittoria so- quel richiamo a “ contatti “dimensione regionale ” Basterà una canzone? 4 stenendo che il richiamo informali con i territori del mandato dei rappre- alle realtà statuali “de secessionisti” suona sentanti UE che lavora- La costituzione del NK 5 facto” era un implicito come un timidissimo no per la risoluzione dei conflitti. Notizie dall’Artsakh 6 segnale di riconoscimen- passo in avanti delle to; Baku ha viceversa istituzioni europee verso Sfumature diplomatiche Impariamo a chiamarlo 6 negato che ciò fosse il riconoscimento del che tuttavia, tra le righe, accaduto rispedendo al diritto alla autodetermi- lasciano sperare in un Eventi 7 mittente gli entusiastici nazione della repubblica più attivo coinvolgimento commenti. del Nagorno Karabakh. dell’Artsakh nei rapporti Sul nostro sito, nel noti- “Essi esistono ”. Il parla- con l’istituzione europea. ziario di aprile, abbiamo mento europeo non può pubblicato lo stralcio più fingere di ignorarne della risoluzione che l’esistenza, la realtà poli- riguarda proprio il pas- tica della regione e le saggio incriminato. È prospettive future. evidente, anche da una Quindi ha buona ragione Le ragioni veloce lettura del testo, la sponda armena ha che non vi compare al- gioire, moderatamente, del Kara- cun esplicito e diretto per la votazione dell’as- riferimento all’Artsakh o sise continentale; anche bakh alle altre realtà regionali se il ricono-scimento è che si trovano nella me- ancora lontano (e la riso- desima situazione (non luzione si è affrettata a dimentichiamoci a que- ricordarlo per non irritare Esce il primo sto proposito che i pro- ulteriormente la sponda libro in italiano sul Nagorno MINACCE SENZA FINE ... Karabakh. La sua storia, L’arcigno ministro della parte sembra essere il annunciando che le forze la sua gente, difesa azero, Safar Abiyev, minimo comun deno- azere si stanno mobilitando ha nuovamente tuonato minatore di tutte le per “liberare i territori”. la sua guerra contro l’Artsakh e l’Armenia dichiarazioni ufficiali di La minaccia del ricorso alla di liberazione, nel corso della sua ultima sponda azera. guerra, sbandierata ogni visita in Turchia all’inizio di “Le forze armene devono giorno, nasconde evidenti i suoi diritti. aprile. ritirarsi dai territori difficoltà diplomatiche Lo ha fatto rispolverando il azerbaigiano senza alcuna dell’Azerbaigian che finge A pag. 2 vocabolario completo di precondizione. Tutti i di ignorare l’esito del minacce belliche che da territori debbono essere conflitto scatenato e perso qualche mese a questa restituiti ” ha dichiarato da Baku nel 1992. Ancora , proprio nei giorni aree che, al termine del che ciò avrebbe comporta- Karabakh, Arman Melikyan, scorsi, il ministro degli E- conflitto, sono rimaste sotto to) e fermarsi laddove era- ha ribadito che le conces- steri azero, Mamma- controllo armeno. E qui, no arrivati; gli armeni del sioni territoriali non sono la dyarov, ha ribadito ad una però, il discorso si rovescia Karabakh, naturalmente, chiave di risoluzione del delegazione di politici della anche per i bordi orientali accolsero la fine delle ope- problema; “(esse) mette- PACE (Assemblea Parla- del Karabakh (Martakert e razioni di guerra con estre- rebbero solo fuori gioco la mentare dell’Unione Euro- Martuni) finiti in mano agli ma soddisfazione. Avevano Russia dal processo di ne- pea) il concetto che gli ar- azerbagiani e per la parte vinto, l’Artsakh era stato goziazione e cambierebbe- meni devono ritirarsi dai settentrionale della provin- liberato. ro la situazione geopolitica territori azerbaigiani, sottoli- cia di Shahumian dearme- Perché ora dovrebbero nella regione, che non è neando che questo sareb- nizzata dalla famigerata restituire il frutto di quei affatto nell’interesse di un be il primo passo verso un “operazione Anello” condot- sacrifici? Armenia dai confini blocca- accordo pacifico per la riso- ta da Gorbaciov: se la pre- Come abbiamo avuto già ti” ( News.am, 14 maggio). luzione del conflitto del condizione per la riso- occasione di sottolineare è Si ritorna dunque al punto Nagorno Karabakh ( APA, luzione pacifica del conflitto scontato che nel momento di partenza: l’Azerbaigian 14 maggio ). deve essere il ritiro dai terri- in cui dovesse essere rag- non può dettare condizioni Ora, la posizione azera tori “contesi” allora lo scam- giunto un accordo di pace ma solo cercare una solu- merita due considerazioni: bio deve essere biunivoco, questo sarebbe il frutto di zione ragionevole per la in primo luogo che l’espres- ossia in tutte e due le dire- un compromesso; e ciò chiusura della questione; è sione “ritiro dai territori a- zioni. significa inevita-bilmente, impensabile che prima del- zerbaigiani” lascerebbe Secondo punto. Perché presumibilmente, la restitu- la firma di un accordo defi- intendere che l’area del gli armeni dovrebbero riti- zione di parte dei territori nitivo il Nagorno Karabakh vecchio oblast sovietico del rarsi - sic et simpliciter - da conquistati (e facilmente sguarnisca i propri fianchi NK è ormai considerata quelle zone che una guerra individuabili): non è chiaro cedendo i territori a Baku; non più facente parte dell’- da loro non voluta ha con- perché questo passaggio meno che meno è pensabi- Azerbaigian che richiede segnato? L’accordo del non possa avvenire conte- le che il NK ritorni enclave l’allontanamento delle forze cessate il fuoco del maggio stualmente alla firma dell’- isolata circondata dagli armene dai rayon circo- 1994 fu voluto dagli azeri accordo, perché gli azeri lo azeri, priva di adeguata stanti; riesce difficile pensa- perché l’andamento del vogliano come precondizio- protezione con l’Armenia. re che Baku voglia un ritiro conflitto stava inesorabil- ne per la trattativa finale. La strada per la pace è completo anche da Stepa- mente volgendo al peggio; Come potrebbe essere lastricata di concetti sempli- nakert perché ciò equivar- anzi, fu caldamente tranquillo l’Artsakh con i ci che l’Azerbaigian finge di rebbe a riconsegnare l’Ar- “sollecitato” dalla comunità cannoni puntati a pochi non capire. tsakh all’Azerbaigian stes- interna-zionale preoccupata chilometri dalla sua capita- so, soluzione assolutamen- che l’esercito di liberazione le? te impensabile anche dal dell’Artsakh parcheggiasse Pochi giorni or sono, l’ex più ottimista dei seguaci di i propri mezzi sul lun- ministro degli Esteri del Aliyev. Quindi la materia gomare di Baku. Insomma, del contendere non sareb- arrivò una sorta di invito a be più la sovranità sul Na- non giungere alle estreme Nessuna gorno Karabakh ma solo la conseguenze (con tutte le disputa territoriale sulle ripercussioni internazionali precondi- zione Le ragioni del Karabakh sulla La storia di una piccola cinque anni di sanguinosa Le vicende politiche che strada terra, un fazzoletto gettato guerra combattuta lontano hanno determinato il pro- nel turbolento Caucaso, e dalle prime pagine dei gior- blema karabakho e la cro- di un grande popolo che nali. naca di una guerra senza della pace lotta per il diritto all’auto- Mentre Armenia ed Azer- esclusione di colpi; le tratta- determinazione. baigian cercano a fatica la tive verso la pace e soprat- Intorno alle vicende del strada della pace, tra pro- tutto le “ragioni” del Kara- Nagorno Karabakh ruotano clami e venti di guerra che bakh. interessi internazionali e si fanno temere un improvvisa Completa il volume una intrecciano fitte trame diplo- recrudescenza del conflitto, sezione dedicata all’attuale matiche che coin-volgono ecco un agile e scorrevole assetto istituzionale della non solo le cancellerie della testo ricco di notizie di cro- repubblica, alla sua cultura, regione. Il precedente Ko- naca ma anche di informa- economia, vita sociale sovo e le rotte del petrolio; zioni sull’attuale assetto Un agile manuale per cono- la disgregazione dell’Unio- della piccola repubblica scere una terra affascinan- ne Sovietica ed antichi odi. cauca-sica. te e la sua storia. La storia di un popolo, ma Il primo testo in italiano soprattutto la cronaca di sull’argomento. maggio 2011 Pagina 2 L’ARTSAKH FESTEGGIA LA LIBERAZIONE DI SHUSHI Il nove maggio l’Artsakh ha Ma come era avvenuta la festeggiato il diciannovesimo conquista della città? anniversario della liberazione Fu un formidabile insieme di di Shushi. Fu una pietra milia- coraggio e strategia tattica re nella storia del conflitto, che condusse gli armeni a anzi il fondamentale punto di sventolare la bandiera del- svolta. l’Artsakh in cima alla rocca. La città, arroccata su un’altu- Arkady lanciò una serie di ra tra i 1400 ed i 1800 metri attacchi nei villaggi intorno a di altitudine era l’unica di Shushi allo scopo di far uscire tutto l’Artsakh a popolazione allo scoperto gli azeri facendo quasi esclusivamente azera: loro abbandonare la posizio- tale particolarità demografica ne privilegiata in altura. Nello era il frutto delle pulizie etni- stesso momento altre forze Il monumento alla vittoria sulla strada per Shushi con il carro di Avsharyan che che a cavallo tra gli anni armene avrebbero circondato Dieci e gli anni Venti in poi la città di fatto tagliandola donare in tutta fretta le posi- liberare il corridoio di Lachin. avevano dearmenizzato la fuori dai rifornimenti di trup- zioni fino a quel momento Due successivi tentativi di città e per il fatto che, in pe. tenute. controffensiva azera ven- quanto capoluogo ammini- Furono organizzate quattro Il carro armato T 72 di Gagik nero rintuzzati.
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