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First Records of the Sponge Crab Dromia Personata (Brachyura) in the Netherlands and Its Historical Findings in the North Sea Godfried W

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First Records of the Sponge Crab Dromia Personata (Brachyura) in the Netherlands and Its Historical Findings in the North Sea Godfried W van Moorsel et al. Marine Biodiversity Records (2017) 10:28 DOI 10.1186/s41200-017-0129-7 MARINE RECORD Open Access First records of the sponge crab Dromia personata (Brachyura) in the Netherlands and its historical findings in the North Sea Godfried W. N. M. van Moorsel1*, Floris P. Bennema2 and Reindert Nijland3 Abstract Only a few records exist of the sponge crab Dromia personata in the North Sea. Most records are in local languages, and have limited availability. On 11 August 2016, D. personata was found by divers in the Eastern Scheldt, a former estuary in the south-western part of the Netherlands. In the months to follow, at least four other individuals were observed by divers at the same and nearby locations. This paper lists these and former records in the North Sea. The distribution pattern, and the possible migration of the sponge crab in relation to environmental conditions such as seawater temperature are discussed, as well as the crab’s use of the non-native sponge Celtodoryx ciocalyptoides. Keywords: Sponge crab, Dromia personata, North Sea, Southern species, Distribution expansion Background off the Belgian coast (Pelseneer 1881). In 1912, D. perso- Geographic distribution: Dromia personata (Linnaeus, nata was caught in the vicinity of the ‘Galloper’ light 1758) is known from the Mediterranean Sea, and in the vessel off the Essex coast (Patterson 1913). Leloup East Atlantic Ocean from Western Sahara, Ascension, (1941) lists a record from 1937 near the Sandettie Bank Azores and Canary Islands, north to Anglesey (Wales), at 19–20 fathoms (35–37 m). This bank lies north of the Clyde Sea (Scotland) and the English Channel. North Calais, in what is now the French part of the North Sea. Sea records are rare (see below and Fig. 1). Records from A footnote in Leloup (1941) mentions two more speci- São Tomé, Senegal, Cabo Verde and Madeira and pos- mens, also from 1937, caught at the White Bank, the sibly also St. Helena refer to Dromia marmorea Forrest, now submerged west bank of the Elbe glacial valley. Al- 1974 (Christiansen 1969; Manning and Holthuis 1981; though this area is 170 km west of Denmark, it lies just Wolff 2002; Ashton et al. 2017; Allen 1967; González east of 6° latitude, and was therefore considered to be- 2016; González et al. 2017; Araújo and Wirtz 2015; De long to the Danish fauna (Wolff 2002). The rectangular Grave et al. 2017). Morphological differences between D. area specified in Leloup (1941) presently lies in the Ger- personata and D. marmorea are discussed in Manning & man part of the North Sea (Fig. 1) and is roughly equi- Holthuis (1981). In British waters, the sponge crab has distant from the Dutch, German and Danish coast. The been recorded infrequently. In Ireland, the first speci- designation of the latitude in the footnote in Leloup mens of D. personata were caught only recently, in 2010 (1941) in multiples of 15′ suggests a possible error in and 2011 (Quigley and O'Donovan 2013). the eastern longitude: it is probably not E 6°3′ but E 6° Only a few records of sponge crabs from the North 30′. This also better fits the location of the White Bank, Sea exist (Fig. 1). In 1824, two specimens were found at at approximately N 55°10′ and E 6°10′. The last speci- Billingsgate Market (London) among oysters from Whit- fied site in the North Sea, in 1953, is the Fairy Bank stable Bay (Anonymous 1824); this was the first record (Adema 1981) in the French part of the North Sea. In from the United Kingdom (Bell 1853). Another speci- addition, Ingle (1983) mentions the Wash and Thames men was caught in 1880 ‘in deep water of the open sea’ as North Sea locations. The latter record is possibly also included in Adema (1991), which shows three locations * Correspondence: [email protected] at the English North Sea coast, off Kent and Norfolk. 1ecosub, P.O. Box 126, 3940 AC Doorn, The Netherlands Leloup & Gills (1965) report D. personata from shrimp Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. van Moorsel et al. Marine Biodiversity Records (2017) 10:28 Page 2 of 5 Fig. 1 Records of Dromia personata in the southern North Sea. Locations of records in the southern North Sea with boundaries of national continental flats and year of catch or observation where available. Grey symbols from Adema (1991). Left part of rectangle in the German part of the North Sea is the area of two catches in 1937 as mentioned in Leloup (1941); whole rectangle (including interrupted line) is probable area of occurrence (see text) catches during 1949–1964, in a 25 km long strip inside Results the 5-mile (9 km) zone from the Belgian coast between In 2016, several individuals of Dromia personata were Middelkerke and Wenduine. They call the crab as being found in the Eastern Scheldt, and these constituted ‘assez rare’, the one but lowest of their four abundance the first records in the Netherlands. One was found categories, which suggests the catch of at least several on 11 August 2016, and was taken from its location specimens. Coordinates of the above-mentioned historic (Zeelandbrug: 51° 37′ 44″ N, 3° 54′ 49″ E). Subse- North Sea records are listed in Table 1. quently, at least 12 times between 14 August and 30 October 2016, D. personata was recorded (but not collected) again at the same location. The maximum Methods number of sponge crabs observed per dive was two. New records in the Netherlands emerged by observa- Consequently, a minimum number of three individ- tions made via SCUBA diving. The first Dutch record uals must have been present at the Zeelandbrug. The of Dromia personata was posted on 16 August 2016 on relatively high number of records at this location may the internet (NatureToday.com) and prompted other reflect the popularity of this dive site. In addition, biologists and diving naturalists to search for the spe- two more sponge crabs were found in the Eastern cies. This resulted in findings that were sometimes ac- Scheldt, at Strijenham (51° 31′ 17″ N, 4° 08′ 28″ E) companied by underwater photos (Fig. 2) or video. As and Goesse Sas (51° 32′ 32″ N, 3° 55′ 52″ E). Con- such, this paper shows the valuable contribution of citi- sideringthedistancebetweentheselocationsandthe zen science (Thiel et al. 2014). Due to its sponge cover timing it is highly unlikely that these records repre- D. personata is well camouflaged, but once found it sented the same individuals. Therefore, a total of at was easily recognized and could not be confused with least five sponge crabs must have been present in the other brachyurans. Eastern Scheldt in 2016. van Moorsel Table 1 Dromia personata. Historic catches and recent observations in the North Sea et al. Marine Biodiversity Records Date Name in reference Location Depth n Sex Carapace width Reference Co-ordinate Remark (x length) NE 1824 D. mediterranea, Whitstable Bay Anonymous Found among Oysters from Leach 1824 Whitstable Bay at Billingsgate market, London. Communicated by Mr. J.E. Gray and presented at June 22, 1824 1880 D. vulgaris Edw. deep water in open sea off deep 1 almost Pelseneer ?? the Belgian coast 110 mm 1881 late Dec. 1912 D. vulgaris ‘Galloper’ light-vessel Patterson 51° 43,9’ 001° 57,8’ Taken by the Lowestoft (2017)10:28 1913 sailing-trawler ‘Giralda’, skipper J. Stead. Specimen presented by Mr. F.C. Cook. Co-ordinate from internet 29–05-1937 D. vulgaris Milne Sandettie bank (SW-end) 19–20 fathom 1 ♀ 50 × 40 mm Leloup 1941 51° 11′ 30” 001° 52’ Dredged. Sandettie Bank rises Edwards =35–37 m up to −20 m, so catch must have been next to this bank. Specimen presented by Cyriel Pecceu, Nieuwpoort June 1937 D. vulgaris Milne White Bank ~30 m 2 ♀ 40 × 35 & Leloup 1941 NW 55° 15′ 006° 00′ Reported by letter 22 June, Edwards 85 × 65 mm footnote SE 54° 30’ 006° 3′ 1937 by Cyriel Pecceu, Nieuwpoort 1949 to 1964 D. vulgaris H. Milne- within 5 nautical miles from >1? Leloup and Bycatch experimental shrimp Edwards the Belgian coast between Gilis 1965 fishery. Middelkerke & Wenduine abundance cat. (3) = ‘assez rare’ 16–12-1953 D. personata approximately near Fairy 1 ♀ Adema 1981, NW 51° 24′ 00” 002° 18′ 30″ In collection Royal Belgian (Linnaeus, 1758) bank 1991 SE 51° 21′ 10” 002° 22′ 10″ Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels ? D. personata 2 locations Kent coast and Adema 1991: (Linnaeus, 1758) 1 location Norfolk coast map 1 Wash and Thames Ingle 1983 11–08 to 30–10 D. personata 16 records at 3 location in 3–13 m ≥5 ♂ & ♀ ~ 55 mm this study see text 2016 (Linnaeus, 1758) Eastern Scheldt, Netherlands 09–04 to 02–08 D. personata 3 records at 2 location in 4–7m ≥2 this study see text 2017 (Linnaeus, 1758) Eastern Scheldt, Netherlands Page 3 of 5 van Moorsel et al. Marine Biodiversity Records (2017) 10:28 Page 4 of 5 individuals within 1 year has happened before: in 1824 two specimens were found, and in 1937 3 specimens were reported.
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