Classical Weimar

Classical Weimar is clearly and indissolubly linked WORLD HERITAGE LIST with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance, with the Weimar Classical Period, and with the works of the German Classical writers Goethe, Classical Weimar (Germany) Schiller, Herder, and Wieland. Criterion vi No 846 Category of property In terms of the categories of cultural property set out in the 1972 World Heritage Convention, this is a group of buildings. Identification History and Description History Nomination Classical Weimar The earliest documentary reference to Weimar dates Location Free State of Thuringia from 899, when it was the seat of the Weimar- Orlamünde dukedom. It passed in the 14th century to a State Party Federal Republic of Germany branch of the royal house of Saxony, becoming the capital of the Duchy of Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach in Date 25 July 1998 1572. The Ducal Court encouraged Martin Luther, who visited the town on several occasions. For many years the painter Lucas Cranach the Elder worked in Weimar, where he died in 1553. This marked the start of a long Justification by State Party period of growing cultural importance. Johann The nominated cultural property is, in accordance with Sebastian Bach was invited to the town by Duke para 23 of the Operational Guidelines, an ensemble Wilhelm Ernst in 1709 and spent nine years there, a which, on account of its unity, is of outstanding very important formative period in his artistic universal value for historical, scientific, and to a large development. extent artistic reasons. At the same time it is a site, It was during the lifetime of Duchess Anna Amalia comprising significant parts of an historic city, which (1739-1809) that its Classical period began. She is, for historical and aesthetic reasons, of outstanding appointed the poet Christoph Martin Wieland (1733- universal value. 1813) as tutor to her sons in 1772. It was after Carl The ensemble known as Classical Weimar bears August (1757-1828) had succeeded to the Duchy that witness in large measure and in a manner characteristic Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749-1832) settled in the of the Weimar Classical Period to a significant town (1775). Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803) interchange of human values in respect of architecture came to Weimar in the following year. The high point and landscape architecture: the exemplary creative- of the town’s cultural influence resulted from the synthetic deployment of ancient interior design, clearly creative relationship between Goethe and Friedrich influenced by Goethe (Goethe's House and the City Schiller (1759-1805) that began in 1794 and was Castle), the deployment of ancient architectural and intensified when Schiller moved to Weimar in 1799. interior design ideas (the Roman House and the Princes' Weimar’s cultural importance did not disappear on the Tomb), and the creative deployment of English garden death of Goethe there in 1832. It was favoured by Franz design (the four parks). Criterion ii Liszt, who wrote a number of his most important works In its entirety the ensemble of Classical Weimar bears in Weimar. Later it became a seminal centre for the unique witness to a past and yet still relevant cultural development of new movements in the fine arts and epoch - the Weimar Classical Period - which is a architecture. One of the leading exponents of Art distinctive and special case, and an example of courtly Nouveau, Henry van de Velde (1863-1957), was and bourgeois culture, the way to which was paved by Director of the School of Arts and Crafts, and it was on the European bourgeois Enlightenment, in the seat of a his recommendation that Walter Gropius (1883-1969) small central European principality around 1800. The was appointed to succeed him in 1919, when he gave it ensemble impressively represents the legacy of a new name, the Bauhaus. architecture and landscape architecture, as well as the Description artistic endeavours of the Weimar Classical Period. Criterion iii The nomination comprises twelve separate buildings or ensembles, which will be dealt with seriatim. Certain parts of the ensemble - Goethe's House, the City Castle, the Dowager's Palace, the Princes' Tomb, - Goethe’s House the Park on the Ilm with the Roman House, and the other three park groups - are ouitstanding examples of a This Baroque town house was built in 1707-09 and building type (especially regarding their interiors) and underwent a number of alterations during Goethe’s landscape which symbolize a significant historical occupancy (1792-1832). It consists essentially of two two-storey sections round a courtyard which is movement, that of European Classicism. Criterion iv traversed by a bridge room. The walled garden contains two large pavilions. The original interior furnishings 116 are preserved in a number of rooms and a group of relatively plain Baroque two- and three-storey buildings three rooms at the rear form a museum. round a courtyard. The interiors are furnished and decorated in late 18th century style. - Schiller’s House - The Duchess Anna Amalia Library This simple late Baroque house was built in 1777 and incorporates part of a 16th century outbuilding known In 1761 Duchess Anna Amalia commissioned the State as The Mint (Die Münze). It is a two-storey structure Architect to convert the three-storey Renaissance with mansard roof and three-storey projecting centre “Little French Castle” of 1562-9 into a library, of which section. Most of the rooms inside are furnished and Goethe was Director from 1797 to 1832. An extension decorated as they were during the lifetime of the poet. in classical style was added in 1804, and in 1818-25 the neighbouring medieval City Tower was incorporated by - City Church, Herder House, and Old High means of a new entrance hall. A further extension was School added in 1844-49. This is a three-aisled hall church (dedicated to St Peter It consists of four annexed structures. The main central and St Paul) with five bays and a pentagonal chancel section is a three-storey building on a rectangular plan and a west tower surmounted by an octagonal spire. in Baroque style. The 1804 extension is lower and set The earliest church (mid 13th century) was restored by slightly back. The round tower of 1453 is surmounted the Teutonic Order in 1424 after a disastrous fire. It by a tent roof with dodecagonal lantern. was completely rebuilt in 1498-1500 in its present Late Gothic style and underwent some Baroque - The Princes’ Tomb and the Historic Cemetery modifications in 1735-45, including the addition of a Grand Duke Carl August commissioned the portal. It contains an altar triptych by Lucas Cranach construction of a family tomb from Clemens the Elder, Gothic pulpit and font, and memorials to Wenzeslaus Coundray in 1823 and the remains of 27 members of the ducal family. members of the ducal house were transferred there The three-storey Herder House was built in the mid from the vault beneath the City Castle in 1824. In 16th century on the foundations of an earlier addition to subsequent members of the family, Schiller Renaissance structure, some elements of which survive, (1823) and Goethe (1832) were also buried in this notably the portal. The large garden has been re-created mausoleum. in late 18th century style. It is a building in classical style located on a mound at The Old High School, commissioned by Duke Wilhelm the end of the main avenue of the Historic Cemetery. Ernst, was built in simple Baroque style by Christian II The structure is built on a square ground plan; the flat Richter in 1715-16. It is a relatively plain three-storey tented roof is crowned by an octagonal lantern. It is structure with a hipped roof and a projecting centre; it entered through a portico with a triangular gable over is entered by means of a double flight of stairs. four Roman-Doric columns. Adjoining it is the Russian Orthodox Chapel with five cupolas built in 1859-62 for - The City Castle Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna. The residence of the ruling family from the 10th The Historic Cemetery, covering an area of 370m by century, the original structure was largely destroyed by 130m, contains many historic grave monuments among fire and reconstructed in 1424 in Late Gothic and its abundant trees. Renaissance style as a ducal castle. Badly damaged once again by fire in 1618 it was reconstructed in - The Park on the Ilm with the Roman House, Baroque style. Further work to make it into a three- Goethe’s Garden, and Garden House winged building was carried out in 1651-64, but the In the 17th century the Latin Garden and the Star were west wing was not completed. Goethe was closely laid out in this area, and these are partly preserved involved with the reconstruction after another fire in within the later park. A Baroque riding house built in 1774. The west wing was added in 1820-34 and the 1715-18 was redesigned in classical style in 1803-4. south wing in 1912-14. The present ensemble is an The late 16th century vineyard house was Goethe’s imposing slightly irregular four-winged building round main residence in Weimar in 1776-82, and he later a large courtyard. The main entrance is in the south used it as a garden house, landscaping his garden. wing. The decorations and furnishings of the interior Extensive development work in the park began in 1778, are in classical style; there is a fine eastern staircase under the influence of the English school. In 1786-98 a with Doric columns and lantern. The vast banqueting second phase of landscaping on classical lines took hall has Ionic columns and a gallery.

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