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Security Council Distr UNITED s NATIONS -.-. _--- -. -- Security Council Distr. GENERAL S/22535 29 April 1991 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH LETTER DATED 26 APRIL 1991 FROM THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ADDRESSED TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL In my letter of 1 March 1991 to the President of the Security Council (S/22333), I brought to his attention a letter I had received from the Permanent Representative of Kuwait requesting that a mission be dispatched immediately to that country to assess the losses of life incurred during the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait and to examine the practices by the Iraqi occupation forces against the civilian population in Kuwait. He had also requested that the team assess the damage inflicted on the general infrastructure in Kuwait. In his letter of 6 March 1991 (S/21334), the President of the Security Council informed me that members of the Council would welcome my responding positively to that request, recognising the importance of taking all actions possible to facilitate Kuwait’s reconstruction and reintegration into the interntitional economic system. Accordingly, I requested Mr. Abdulrahim A. Farah, former 'Jnder-Secretary-General, to lead a high-level United Nations mission to Kuwait. The mission visited that country from 16 March to 4 April 1991. The report of the mission on the damage sustained by the infrastructure and economy of Kuwait during the Iraqi occupation is submitted herewith for the attention of members of the Security Council. ( s Sswd 1 Javier PEREZ de CUELLAR 91-13562 2246-47~ (E) / . S/22535 English Page 3 AMeX REPORT TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL BY A UNITED NATIONS MISSION, LED BY MR. ABDULRAHIM A, FARAH, FORMER UNDER-SECRETARY-GENERAL, ASSESSING TBE SCOPE AND NATURE OF DAMAGE INFLICTED ON KUWAIT'S INFRASTRUCTURE DURING THE IRAQI OCCUPATION OF THE COUNTRY FROM 2 AUGUST 1990 TO 27 FEBRUARY 1991 / *.. S/22535 English Page 4 CONTENTS Paraarawh Map 1. Kuwait . ..i........r...............m . ...*.. 11 INTRODUCTION ........................................ 1 - 31 12 A. Mandate and composition of the mission .......... 1 - 10 12 B. General setting ................................. 11 - 16 13 c. Methodology ..................................... 17 - 31 14 I. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN MID-1990 AND EARLY MARCH 1991 .......................................... 32 - 48 18 A. Situation before 2 August 1990 .................. 32 - 40 18 B. Conditions in March 1991 ........................ 41 - 48 19 II. SUMMARIZED ASSESSMENT OF MAJOR DAMAGE ............... 49 - 67 21 Map 2. Kuwait oil infrastructure ............................... 24 III. OIL INDUSTRY ........................................ 68 - 135 25 A, An overall view ................................. 68 - 70 25 3. Crude oil production facilities ................. 71 - 88 25 .............. 71 - 77 25 1. Situation before 2 August 1990 a 2. Assessment of damage ........................ 78 - 88 26 c. Oil refining .................................... 89 - 103 29 1. Situation before 2 August 1990 .............. 89 - 93 29 2. Assessment of damage ........................ 94 - 103 30 D. Gas industry .................................... 104 - 107 32 1. Situation before 2 August 1990 .............. 104 32 2. Assessment of damage ........................ 105 - 107 32 / . s/22535 English Page 5 CONTENTS (continued) E. Offloading facilities . 108 - 114 33 I. Situation before 2 August 1990 . 108 - 110 33 2. Assessment of damage . 111 - 114 33 F. Local marketing ................................. 115 - 117 34 B 1. Situation before 2 August 1990 .............. 115 - 116 34 2. Assessment of damage ........................ 117 34 G. Petrochemical industry .......................... 118 - 127 34 1. Situation before 2 August 1990 .............. 118 - 122 34 2. Assessment of damage ........................ 123 - 127 35 H. Support facilities and inventories .............. 129 - 135 36 1. Situation before 2 August 1990 . 128 - 129 36 2. Assessment of damage . ..*........ 130 - 135 37 I. Illustrations ,.....,....,..1..................,...,...,..,. 38 Figure 1. Petroleum production network ........................ 42 D Figure 2. Gas production network .............................. 43 IV. ENVIRONMENT ......................................... 136 - 211 44 A. Oil wells ,,..,.....,,..,,,.......,.............. 136 - 154 44 1. Burning .*............,..*................... 136 - 141 44 2. Gaseous and particulate emissions ........... 142 - 150 45 3. Crude oil on land ........................... 151 - 154 46 B. Oil and the marine environment .*,,............., 155 - 166 47 1. Conditions in the Persian Gulf . 155 - 162 47 2. Effects on the marine environment and related activities ,.....,............*. ..*........,, 163 - 166 49 / . S/22535 Enqlish rage 6 CONTENTS (continued) Parag a.p!ui P.age C. Land degradation ................................ 167 185 50 1. General considerat.ions ...................... 167 16A 50 2. Military fortifications ..................... 169 170 SO 3. Off-the-road vehicle movement ............... 171 173 50 4. Geographical distribution ................... 1’1 4 185 51 a 0. Mines and other unexploded ordnance ............. lR6 203 54 1. Background .................................. 1Hb IRQ 54 2. Location of minefield6 ...................... 1YO 194 !i4 3. Unexploded ordnance ......................... LYS .- 196 5 5 4. Unexploded ordnance disposal ................ 197 . 199 50 5. Fut.ure implications ......................... 200 - 203 56 E. Environment-Ielated infrastructure .............. 204 - 211 57 F. Illustrations .............................................. 59 Map 3. Kuwait environmental assessment zones .................. 63 e Map 4. Kuwait mined areas ..................................... 64 V. AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK AND FISHERIES ................ 212 - 225 65 A. Agriculture and livestock ....................... 212 215) 65 1. Situation before 2 August 1990 ............. 212 216 65 2. Assessment of damage ........................ 217 219 66 H. Fisheries ....................................... 220 . 225 h7 1. Sit.uation before 2 August. 1990 .............. 220 - 222 ti7 ?.. Assessment of damage ........................ 223 - 225 fj 7 (2 . Illustrations .............................................. GR S/22535 English Page 7 CONTENTS (continued) Paragm&s !hgQ VI. ELECTRICITY, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS ........... 226 - 361 70 A. Electric power and gas .......................... 226 - 256 7 0 1. Situation before 2 August 1990 .............. 226 - 233 7 0 2. Assessment of damage ........................ 234 256 71 B. Transport ....................................... 257 - 344 74 1. Roads and bridges ........................... 257 - 272 74 (a) Situation before 2 August 1990 ......... 257 - 259 74 (b) Assessment of damage ................... 260 - 272 7 4 2. Ports ....................................... 273 - 303 76 (a) Situation before 2 August 1990 ......... 273 - 275 76 (b) Assessment of damage ................... 276 .- 303 7 7 3. Kuwait International Airport ................ 304 - 317 80 (a) Situation before 2 August 1990 ......... 304 - 305 80 (b) Assessment of damage ................... 306 - 317 80 4. Transport services .......................... 318 - 344 82 (a) Surface transport ...................... 318 .- 331 82 (i) Situation before 2 August 1YYO .... 318 - 323 82 (ii) Assessment of damage .............. 324 - 331 83 (b) Kuwait Airways Corporat.ion ............. 332 - 344 84 (i) Situation before 2 August. l(JQt) .... 332 - 333 84 (ii ) Assessment of damage .............. 334 - 344 84 C. Telecommunications and postal services .......... 345 361 86 1. Situation before 2 August 1990 .............. 345 349 86 2. Assessment of damage ........................ 350 - 361 80 S/22535 English Page 8 CONTENTS (continued) Ew D. Illustrations . ...*. 88 Map 5. Kuwait, electrical power and telecommunications . , 94 Map 6. Kuwait, damage to roads ................................ 95 Map 7. Shuaiba port ........................................... 96 Map 8. Shuwaikh port .......................................... 97 Map 9. Kuwait International Airport .a . ..**........ 98 VII. HOUSING, URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND MUNICIPAL SERVICES 362 - 421 99 A. Residential hOUSing, government buildings, hotel and tourism industry . 362 - 384 1. Residential housing . 362 - 367 (a) Situation before 2 August 1990 . 362 - 363 (b) Assessment of damage ................... 364 - 367 2. Government building6 ........................ 368 - 376 (a) Situation before 2 August 1990 ......... 368 - 369 (b) Assessment Of damage ................... 370 - 376 3. Hotel and tourism industry .................. 377 - 384 (a) Situation before 2 August 1990 ......... 377 (b) Assessment of damage . 378 - 384 B. Municipal service6 .............................. 385 - 421 1. Water supply ................................ 305 - 397 (a) Situation before 2 August. 1990 . 385 - 388 (b) Assessment of damage . 389 - 397 2. Sewerage . ..*....*...*. e...,.. *,.. 398 - 411 (a) Situation before 2 August 1990 ......... 398 - 399 (b) Assessment of damage ................... 400 - 411 S/22535 English Page 9 CONTENTS (continued) Par- P-we 3. Solid waste (garbage) diSpO6al .............. 412 - 417 106 (a) Situation before 2 August 1990 ......... 412 - 414 106 (b) Assessment of damage ................... 415 - 417 107 4. Other services .............................. 418 - 421 107 (a) Situation before 2 August 1990 ......... 418 - 419 107 (b) Assessment of damage ................... 420 - 421 108 C. Illustration6 .............................................
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