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Diptera: Muscidae) © Entomologica Fennica. 15 December 2010 Egg morphology of Mydaea Iateritia (Rondani, 1866) (Diptera: Muscidae) Andrzej Grzywacz & Thomas Pape Grzywacz, A. & Pape, T. 2010: Egg morphology ofMydaea lateritia (Rondani, 1866) (Diptera: Muscidae). — Entomol. Fennica 21: 187—192. Several specimens of Mydaea lateritia (Rondani, 1866) were collected during studies ofarthropod succession on pig carrions in western Poland. This is the first record of this species in Poland and the northernmost occurrence of the species. Scanning electron microscopy documentation ofegg morphology ofM. lateritia is presented for the first time. Hexagonal chorionic network, foliate hatching pleats, short lateral respiratory horns, dorsomedian flange and median area with smooth hexagonal network and craters are described. The egg could be classified as Mydaea-type with short respiratory horns. A. Grzywacz, Department ofAnimal Ecology, Institute ofEcology and Environ— mental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 9, 87—100 Torun, Poland; E—mail.‘ hydrotaea@gmail. com T. Pape, ZoologicalMuseum, University ofCopenhagen, Universitetsparken I5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; E—mail.‘ [email protected] Received 3 February 2010, accepted 14 April 2010 1. Introduction foliaceous hatching pleats are known as Phaonia- type or ‘simple flanged type’, and those without The genus Mydaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 such hatching pleats are known as Musca-type or currently contains 108 species (Bisby et al. ‘unflanged type’ (Hinton 1960, Skidmore 1985, 2009). Of these, 20 are recorded as occurring in Ferrar 1987). Eggs of most Mydaeinae genera Europe (Pont 2004) and 10 in Poland (Draber— and some Coenosiinae (Limnoplzora Robineau- Monko 2007). Mydaea lateritia (Rondani, 1866) Desvoidy and Lispe Latreille of the Limo- was originally described from Italy, and for al- phorini) are classified as a modification of the most a century it was known only from Italy and Phaonia-type, with elongated hatching pleats France (Hennig 1956). which sometimes form a long respiratory horn Recently it was recorded from Bulgaria, anterodorsally (Skidmore 1985, Ferrar 1987). France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Slove- The respiratory horns have evolved independ- nia and Spain (Pont 2004), and with its eastward ently in various insect families and are treated as limit ofdistribution at Iraq (Gregor et al. 2002). A an adaptation for oviposition under water or in yellow abdomen and predominantly yellow tho- wet or waterlogged habitats (Hinton 1969). Be- rax will allow the identification of M. lateritia sides in Mydaea-type eggs, respiratory horns are adults among other Mydaea species from Central found in Muscidae also in some Musca Linnaeus. Europe (Gregor et al. 2002). The main aim ofthis paper is to describe, doc- Eggs of Muscidae have traditionally been ument and discuss the morphology of the egg of classified in two main groups. Eggs with broadly M. lateritia. 188 Grzywacz & Pape - ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 21 ?mm 3mm 12 14 WD WD 00pm 00pm 1 1 X90 X70 2 i 0 C: r» r- SEI SEI Fig. 1. Egg of Mydaea lateritia. — a. Lateral view. — b. Dorsal view. — c. Hexagonal pattern with smooth bound- aries of median area near apex. — d. Margin of outer surface of dorsal flange. — e. Chorion hexagonal pattern with elevated boundaries. 2. Material and methods Alder forest 4.XI.2006, Q; 24.X.2007, Q; 29.X.2007, 3 Q Q; 11.XI.2007, E2; In 2006 and 2007, a large-scale experiment on ar- Hornbeam—oak forest 7.XI.2006, 9. thropod succession on decomposing pig carrions Reference specimens are deposited in the De- was undertaken. The research was carried out in partment ofAnimal Ecology, Nicolaus Coperni- the Biedrusko military range localized in western cus University, Poland. Eggs were obtained by Poland (52°31 ’N, 16°54’E; UTM: XU22). In to- dissection from the abdomen of adult female flies tal 36 dead pigs were deployed in three different and preserved in 70% ethanol. habitats (pine-oak, hombeam—oak and alder fo- Eggs (n = 3) were prepared for SEM by clean- rest) in spring, summer and autumn. Adult insects ing with a fine brush, dehydration through 80, 90 were collected using an aerial sweep net. For a and 99.5% ethanol, critical-point drying in CO2 full description ofthe experiment, see Matuszew- and coating with platinum. SEM images were ski et a1. (2010). During two years of the experi- taken with a Jeol Scanning Microscope JSM- ment, 12 adult female specimens of M. lateritia 6335F in the Zoological Museum, University of were collected (leg. S. Matuszewski & D. Baj er- Copenhagen. For light microscopy, material (n = lein): 5) was stained with 1% of potassium permanga- Pine-oak forest 22.X.2006, Q; 21.IX.2007, nate solution (Sukontason et a]. 2004). The pho- Q; 4.XI.2007, 29 E2; 11.XI.2007, E2; tograph was taken with a digital Nikon 8400 cam- ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 21 - Egg morphology ofMydaea lateritia 189 10.8mm WD 1U,uln— X300 7.0kV SEI 7.0kV X1300 lOwn WD 1 1 .8mm Luu 'VLGM u "a . u 7.IJkV X700 10an WDMflmm Fig. 2. Egg of Mydaea lateritia. — a. Lateral view of anterior part; m: micropyle. — b. Dorsal view of anterior part. — c. Apical part of dorsal flange. — d. Base of median flange. era mounted on a Nikon Eclipse E200 micro- Median respiratory horn developed at the anterior scope. Terminology follows Hinton (1981), egg pole as a short, collar-like flange with numer- Skidmore (1985) and Ferrar (1987). ous papillae (Fig. 2b). The foliate hatching pleats project beyond apex as much as the dorsomedian flange, thereby forming two almost parallel-sided 3. Egg morphology bands (Figs 2a, b). Inner surface of hatching pleats, papillae on their margin and median flange Egg creamy white, elongated, rounded at both with plastron network (Figs 2c, d). Inner surface ends (Figs 1a, b, 2a). Hatching pleats broadly fo- ofbroadened hatching pleats with hexagonal pat- liate throughout, attached to the dorsolateral sur- tern (Fig. 3). face ofthe egg and folding inwards so as to almost A hexagonal pattern on the chorion on entire meet medially half way between the poles (Fig. lateral and ventral surface with elevated bound- 1b). Pleats denticulate along the entire margin, aries, contrasting to the outer surface ofthe hatch- with more distinct papillae in anterior part (Figs ing pleats, which are almost smooth (Figs 1a, b, 2a—c), lateral respiratory horns short (Figs 1a, b). e). Dorsomedian area with smooth hexagonal 190 Grzywacz & Pape - ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 21 network and craters more distinct along first 0.1 mm of anterior part (Figs 1b, c, 2b). Micropyle behind and below the median flange at the egg apex (Fig. 2b), the chorionic hexagonal network reaches the micropyle. 4. Discussion Apart from Hinton (1981), who described the eggs of several Muscidae using SEM, this method was used only recently for differentiating eggs of forensically important Muscidae. Exam- ples are Synthesiomya nudiseta (van der Wulp) (Alencar & Leite 1992), Muscina levida (Harris) (Liu & Greenberg 1989), M. stabulans (Fallen) (Liu & Greenberg 1989; Alencar & Leite 1992), and Hydrotaea (ZOphyra) aenescens (Wiede- mann) (Mendonca et a]. 2008). Description of egg morphology of M. lateritia is presented for the first time in the present paper. Within species ofMydaea, SEM egg data is otherwise available only for M. corni (Scopoli) and M. urbana (Mei- gen) (Hinton 1969, 1981). In eggs obtained by dissection from the fe- male abdomen, the dorsal flanges are often poorly 3. visible because they are wrapped around the egg Fig. Egg of Mydaea (Ferrar 1987). Probably during passage through lateritia the ovipositor, flanges fold outwards (Ferrar (dorsal sur- similar and size of 1987). Very egg shell, shape face with were M. flanges described previously for corni view of in- (Hinton 1981). However, figures ofthe egg ofM. ner surface corni presented by Hammer (1941, as M. pagana of broad- (Fabricius)) and Skidmore (1985) differ slightly, ened especially in the proportions of lateral and dorso- hatching median flanges. In the figures presented by pleat). Skidmore (1985, fig. 98a), the hatching pleats ex- tend further beyond the egg apex and are more ta- pering. The egg shell ofM. lateritia is more simi- The hexagonal pattern of the exochorion lar to the figure ofM. corm' presented by Hammer found in M. lateritia (imprints from the maternal (1941, fig. 26b). follicular cells) has not previously been docu- The eggs ofM. lateritia and M. urbana differ mented for other species ofMydaea. A hexagonal markedly in the size of the respiratory horns, network with elevated boundaries is present in which in M. urbana project beyond the egg apex species ofother muscid genera, e.g., Azelia Robi- as three long, tapering processes (Hammer 1941, neau-Desvoidy, Hebecnema and Hydrotaea Ro- Skidmore 1985). Hinton (1969, 1981) published bineau-Desvoidy (Hinton 1981), Eginia Robi- a SEM-based description of the structure of neau-Desvoidy (Michelsen 2006), and it occurs papillae on the respiratory horn of M. urbana, in most other calyptrate families, e.g., Antho- which is very similar to that of M. lateritia pre- myiidae (Ferrar 1987; Gaponov 2003), Callipho- sented in this paper. ridae (Ferrar 1987, Erzinclioglu 1989, Mendonca ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 21 ° Egg morphology ofMydaea lateritia 191 et al. 2008), Rhinophoridae (Draber—Mor'iko supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Educa— tion No. and Dr. V. Michelsen for 1997), Tachinidae (Ferrar 1987, Gaponov 2004). (grant 2P04C10429), verification of our species identification. Work in Copen- The hexagonal pattern in the Musca-type egg of hagen was supported by a grant from the European Com— H. aenescens has less distinct boundaries (Men- mission’s (FP6) Integrated Infrastructure Initiative pro- donca et al. 2008). The Phaonia-type egg ofMu— gramme SYNTHESYS (DK—TAF). scina levida and M. stabulans have longitudinal and a limited to the me- ridges polygonal pattern References dian area and surroundings of the micropyle (Greenberg & Kunich 2002).
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