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TITLE Social Research in North American Moisture-Deficient Regions DOCUMENT RESUME ED 101 871 RC 008 292 AUTHOR Bennett, John g., Ed. TITLE Social Research in North American Moisture-Deficient Regions. INSTITUTION American Association for the Advancement ofScience, Washington, D.C.; New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces.; Rocky Mountain SocialScience Association, Laramie, Wyo. PUB DATE 66 NOTE 76p.: Symposium held during the 42nd annualmeeting of the Southwestern and RockyMountain Division of the American Association for the Advancementof Science, Las Cruces, N.M., May 4, 1966. Forrelated document, see RC 008 293 EDRS PRICE MF -S0.76 HC-$4.43 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS *Adjustment (to Environment); Agriculture;*Climatic Factors; *Ecology; Economics; EnvironmentalResearch; Humidity; *Rural Areas; *Socioeconomic Influences; Speeches; Technological Advancement IDENTIFIERS *Great Plains ABSTRACT Five papers presented at the 9thsymposium held during the 42nd annual meeting of theSouthwestern and Rocky Mountain Division of the American Association for theAdvancement of Science are: (1) "Do We Need aSociology of Arid Regions*?; (2) "Deficit Creating Influences for Role Performanceand Status Acquisition in Sparsely Populated Regions of theUnited States*:(3) "Ecology, Economy and Society in an AgriculturalRegion of the Northern Great Plains "; (4) The Problem of Drought Perception*:and (5) "Technological Conservatism in CattleRanching as an Adaptive Process ". The papers, centering on anecological viewpoint, aiv to suggest possibilities of basicresearch on sociological adaptations in moisture-deficient regions. Discussions covermodern agrarian and town populations in the GreatPlains and neighboring semiarid regions. (NQ) WIWI fatSI BEST OR ',SALTS*. %I S.DEPARTMSNTWELP ARE EDUCasON I pc SATSONAt.144STSTUTE DOUCATiON REPRO HAS SEEN FROM ¶ losDOCUMENT RECEIVED TLY AS ION ORIGIN DUCED EXACOR OROLNSEAT WSW OROPINIONS DIE PERSONPOINTS OP REPRE AT IND IT NECESSARIL E OF ST ATED DONOT N, ICTY ut *ENT Of0sCIAONIATOOOR EDUCATION Social Research in North American Moisture Deficient Regions Edited by: John W. Bennett Contribution No. 9 of The Committee on Desert and Arid Zones Research Southwestern and Rocky Mountain Division, A.A.A.S. New Mexico State University 0OM Social Research in NorthAmerican Moisture-Deficient Regions A Sympo.,ium held during the fort-second annual nweting of the Southuestern anti Rocky Mountain Division of the AmericanAssoci- ation for the Advancement of Scien-e. May 4,1966 Las Cruces, New Mexico arranged by John W. Bennett for the Committee on Desert and Arid Zones Research ii 000J This piihlicat;.onaN supported bv funds from The Southwestern and Rocky Ntisinaiii I )i% iion of The American .ssociation for The Advancement of Science and New Nit...leo state Utdvuniity Las C:ucs, New Niexio Ut 0004 Ev lot 's sYNiPosIA OF "111ESERIES cl-IMATE AND MAN IN THE 501-111\vEsT Univsityof Ari/eina Treali 1.. stinky 1957. 9 BIOFA)I.(x ;N OF TIIE Al. ID AND sF.NIIARIDI.ANDs OF HIE5( )1. Es!' New Mexice I nit mill:. La% 111E St )1. I IRVF.s.l. New Mexico Ilighlanek UtliVrtNity. LIS Ve.21%. Ntlt MeXit LoraNI. shiids and J. Linton (;atilr- 1918. .V;RIcULTURAI. 1,1(01111:Ms IN .\RII) .\N1) SEMIARID ENVIkoNmENTS unitrr,ity of \v,"nintz. mint! .Vat A. Beetle 191% 1. W.V1-FA VIE!.!) INRELATios T() ENVIRONMENTIti !IF. soU l'IRvEs*ITANI'N ITF.I) Sul Ross (4)1- 'I'ex.t. Barton II. %.u-xu and J. Linton Gardner 1901. ECOLOGY OF GROUNDWATER IN THE SOUTHWEST- ERN UNITF.1) ST YVES Arizona State Inivemity. Temple, Ati/ona Joel E. Fletcher 1961. fi. WATER IMPRoVEMEN'l Denvo. Colorado - A. sclinfle andJoel E. Fletcher 1961. 7. INDIAN ANDsPANIsli AMERICAN ADJUsTMENI's TO ARID AND SEMIARID ENVIRONMEN'IN Texas Tech- nolottkal ( :ollege% Lubk. Texas- ( :lark S. Knowlton- - 1964. II. NATIVE PLAN Ts AND ANIMALS AS RESOURCES IN ARII) LAND OF THE 5( )f Al BvEsTERN UNITED STATES Ari/onaState Collette. Flagstaff. Arizona Gordon L. Bender --1965. iv 0006 sT.VI'ENIENT OF PURN)sp, oF '1 ifF. (1)\INIFITEE ON DEsERT .N1) .%1.11) Z()NEs It F.sEA It(I )h lee IS etf the 11111111M t enfoutaye the study sit phenomena afftite.2 and affected h. human occupation of mid and ....mimic! szions. primariN %..ithitttIuarea. rpsntd hosthe Soutks.tern and Runk% N1f.tintain of intesplesed to iss. chide educational and rwasch ins... fluid:misaid and applied. that may further undetstancling and efficient use of our add land.. V 0006 MEMBERS OF .1.11E camirrTEE Gordon I.. Bender, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona -Tice Chairman Harold E. Dregne. New Mexico State Univetity. University Park, New Mexico Joel E. Fletcher, Utah State University, Logan. Utah J. Linton Gardner, Agricultural Research Service. U.S.D.A., Tucson. Arizona -Choi/man Clark S. Knin lion. l'niversity of Texas at El Paso. El Paso. Texas Donald I). Mac Phail, University of (:oloratlo, Boulder. Colorado Lloyd NIets. Atnicts ltmal Reward* Service. U.S.D.A., Phoenix. Arin J. A. Schutle, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas. Ntw Mexico Secretary *Feral)I..Smiley. University of Arizona. Tucson. Arizona Mum. .4id LandReca Ne:elettel Albert V. tiutith. UltiVetsitV of Colomtlo. Boulder. Colorado. Member pro tempre -Coordinator 41Atia of kid Lands MAILING ADDRESS Dr. Marlowe G. Anderson. E.xectithe Seem:try. Southwestern & Rocky Mountain Division. A.A.A.S., P.O. Box : ;AF. Las Cruces. New Mexico 88001 vi 000'1 Contents INTRODLVIION. John W. Bennett, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri ix 1K) WE NEED A SOCIOLOGY OF ARIL) REGIONS? Courtney B. Cleland, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. 1 DEFICIT CREATING INFLUENCES FOR ROLE PERFORM- AWE AND STATUS ACQUISITION IN SPARSELY Pc PuLATED REGIONS OF THE UNITED STATES Carl F. Kraetrzel, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana :01.0GY, ECONOMY AND SOCIETY IN AN AGRICUL- TURAL REGION OF THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS John W. Bennett, Washington University, Saint Louis 33 THE PROBLEM OF DROUGHT PERCEPTION Thomas F. Saarinen, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona .57 TECHNOLOGICAL CONSERVATISM IN CATTLE RANCHING AS AN ADAPTIVE PROCESS Thomas J. Maloney, Ripon College, Ripon, Wisconsin 63 0008 Introduction JOHN W. BENNETT The central viewpoint of the papers of this symposium. the pinth in the series of annual symposia sponsored by the Committee ott l)set and At id knees Research of the Southwestern and Rocky Mountain Di% ision of the American Association for the Advancement let is' eveWitMeV:* I. *nal aim at suggesting to social scientists cssi I wi I t ies f hiit eese a rch een sociole v.; ical adaptations in moisture- defiiefitiegie ins. and they deal wide modern agrarian and town populations in the Great Plains and neighboring semiarid regions. The authors represent several Miami fields: Cleland and Kraenzel an sociologists: Saarinen is a geographer: Bennett and Maloney are anthropologists. In different ways, they all seek to suggest some of the opportunities provided by an ecological approach to problems of social and economic development and change. This approach is new in social science. in which the ecological outlook has had a mixed and uneven history. having been most frequently confined to a simple correlation between habitat and culture or to specializeddistri- butions of social phenomena. In the papers in this volume, the authors are committed to the idea that the most significant approach to sociological research on the development of 'Great Plains society in- volves consideration of the total envirotimnt. ix f p Umitkcida.-. 000d Do we need a Sociology of Arid Regions? t.!ourttrey B. Cleland l'iliyersity of Arirona One purpose of this paper is to discuss a long-tertn stratgy for research. Tht author\lin is that thell is tint11nw a general fin010 of arid regions and probably never will he. unless certain other e eats take pLice. The particular need is for much more ,yac- nunie study of human societies in scattered arid areas of the world such as the America' %native-it. the Australian outback. the Kala- hari desert in !South Africa. and similar locales. Two le:taint questions for such research area I Do the people in each area display a history of. or a push toward. te:zinat group life?(2% If so. what role does the aridity play in it? That is to say. how are their regional cultures influencell or altered by past. present. or potential need to make social adaptations to the physical fact of their aridity? 1Vben we have accumulated mem. adequate data along these lines. we may or may not 1w motivated to move to a higher level of abstraction in order to fountaine a trite cross-cultural sociology of arid regions. At least a possible consequence is that the task will be feasible but not "needed" in a scholarly sense.Ifitpromises to result in so slight a scientific statement that it can be merely a foot- note in regional sociology.itwould be harclk motivating to re- searelwrsor attractive to dispensers of research funds! The other extreme is that an explicit sociology of arid regions may turn out in fart to he enormously useful. widening our knowledge of man's hell:100r and leading to many practical applications barely discern- ible now. At the present stage of knowledge, we cannot predict that either of these outcomes or Softie other outcome eventually will emerge. It is necessary to examine the his riming propositions in more detail. Now tlo sociologists define *minus? %Vhat would the prospective so- ciology of arid regions look like? Now may the larger task be broken down into more spciali'M types of inquiry such as a sociology of the American West or Southwest? And whatare the alternatives to a sociology of arid regions? The Concept of Region The problem of defining regions is an endless one. As a concept. the region is only a way of reacting to certain patterned phenomena. We can have as many regions and kinds of regions as there arc frames 1 0010 of reference for !wrecking them.
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